USA $2.95
April 1-184
A Wayne Green Publics. ion
^The Commodore 64 & VIC-20 Magazine
The Psychic 64: Will You Fall Under Its Spell?
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Get Your Commodore in Tune
With the New Wave
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Commodore Is a trademark ol
Commodore Electronics. Lid,
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Panther Computer Corporation
Cucle 30 on Header Service card
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Commodore Is a trademark of Commodore Electronics. Ltd.
VIC 20 Is a trademark ol Commodore Electronics, Lid.
Commodore 64 disc retail price: $29.95
VIC 20 cassette retail price: $15.95
Dealer Inquiries Invited
1-800-222-7105
InCA 1-800-821-7644
M
Panther Computer Corporation
12021 Witshire Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90025
Circle 162 on Reader Service card.
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The Assembler
for the Commodore 64
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Commodore is a trademarK of
Commodore Electronics, Ltd.
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Commodore 64 disc retail price: $59.95
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Call 800 Directory Assistance (1-800-555.1212)
for our Toll Free numbers.
Panther Computer Corporation
Los Angeles, California
Circle 163 on Reader Service card.
UlfeB
I
Beyond Compare
tftfJUK?* , (
Introducing The New
64-ACCOGNTING SYSTEM.
[f you can* t put your finger on your total financial
picture, we've got the answer. Software Design, Inc.
has a personal software accounting package
designed for your Commodore 64 " .
Even if you're all thumbs, we offer a support line
and an easy-to-follow manual written in plain
English. Created for home and small business
demands, the 64-ACCOaNTlNG SYSTEM puts
financial management at your fingertips,
FLEXIBILITY
Design your own financial statement with no rigid
account number system, and with flexible subtotal
possibilities. Take the guesswork out of checkbook
balancing. Distribute checks and receipts to 20
separate accounts. Establish monthly, quarterly, or
yearly accounting periods. 64-ACCOCINTING
expands with your financial management needs.
For use with Commodore 64 ' and disk drive.
Copyright 1983 — Software Design, Inc.
Commodore 64 la a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
CONVENIENCE
Organizing your tax return has never been easier.
64-ACCOUNTING offers up to 10 checking ledgers
for those special home and business accounts,
Teams with your printer to write checks, print
statements, profit and loss and trial balance sheets.
Even offers mini accounts receivable and accounts
payable ledgers.
PRACTICAL BUDGETING
Control your expenses with the 64-ACCOCINTirSG
SYSTEM'S budgeting ledgers. Monitor your past
expenses against projected costs. Its so versatile you
can select year-to-date totals or any span of months
for comparison budgeting.
Plan your financial future around the 64-
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM. There may never be a
better time than now. $69.95. To order call
1-800-553-0002. In Iowa call 1-800-772-577 1 .
Dealer and distributor inquiries welcome
SOFTWARE
DESIGN. INC
P.O. Box 570, Waterloo, Iowa 50704
Circle 48 on Reader Service card.
April 1984
Vol. 1, No. 4
FEATURES
SpEECh
SyNrhesisctt
42 Tune Up Your Commodore
This feature article reviews what's
available in Commodore's world of
music. By Tom Benford
52 The Hypnotist
Can you be hypnotized by a micro-
computer? Meet the dazzling Kurian,
then decide. By Christine Adamec
58 Funky Monkey
This educational program's a great aid
in helping young folks sharpen their
spelling skills. By R. V. Taylor
62 Time Waits for
No Man (or Child)
A timely program for children who
want to learn how to tell time.
By Dennis Smith
71 Disk Editor 64
Resurrect murdered files with this life-
saving program.
By Christopher Lampion
76 Maze of Intrigue
This a-mazc-ing little program brings
3-D excitement to your fantasy games.
By John Stilwell
94 Mix and Match Programs
On the C-64
Here's a program that makes easy the
not -so -easy job of merging programs.
By John R. Olsen, Jr.
100 It's All Relative
This article removes some of the ob-
stacles to using your disk drive, and
encourages you to write your own re-
cord-managing programs.
By David R. Brooks
108 C-64 Superkeys
This enhanced listing offers the last
word when it comes to defining func-
tion keys for the C-64.
By Jack W. Simmons
1 12 Color Combo Dilemma
Brighten up your microcomputing de-
cor and determine which color combo
works best for your particular applica-
tion. By Karl Thurber
1 14 Create a VICasso, Part II
Create multicolor graphics characters
with the techniques described in this
tutorial for the unexpended VIC-20.
By Stephen Erwin
118 Land of
Silicon and Glitter
Here's the scoop on the CES show in
Las Vegas, with tales of Commodore's
many new products, including several
new computers. By Tom Benford
122 Calling Disk Directories
To Order
This program for the C-64 prints your
disk directories with the filenames
neatly tag-sorted in alphabetical order.
By Michael Broussard
126 Risk-Takers, Beware
Here's a disk copy program that takes
all the risk out of copying disks and
gives you a little backup insurance.
By John R. Olsen. Jr.
141 Beyond the Manual
This series, which teaches you how to
program your C-64, continues.
By Jeffrey Mills
DEPARTMENTS
6 RUNning Ruminations
10 MAGIC
16 Commodore Clinic
22 For Gamesters Only
26 Software Gallery
34 Mail RUN
36 Video Casino
146 Clubs
146 RUN Amok
148 Book Gallery
152 Games RUNdown
156 Hardware RUNdown
158 Software RUNdown
Cover photo by Martin Paul.
f?(/AMD74l-4285j is an independent journal not connected with Commodore Hu»nr» Machines,
Inc. RUS is published monthly by Wayne Green. Inc, f 80 Pine St., Peterborough, NH 03458. U.S.
subscription ralei Sl9,97, one year; J29 H 97, two years: £41.97, ihrcc years, Canada and Mexico
122.97. one year, U.S. fundi drawn on U,S, bank. Foreign S39.97. one year, U.S. funds drawn on
U.S. bank. Foreign air mail >.ubw:ript ions— pleay: inquire. Second etas* postage pending ai Peter-
borough, N.H. 034S8. and a[ additional mailing offices. Phone: 605-924-9471. Entire contents
copyright 15*84 by Wayne Green- Inc. No part of this publication may be reprinted or otherwise
reproduced without written permiMion from the publisher. Postmaster: send form #1579 to RUS t
Subscription Service*. PG Bo* 9*4, I'armingdak, NY 11737. Nationally distributed by Interna-
tional Circulation Distributor*. RUS nuke* every effort to *»ure the accuracy of article*, listing*
and circuit* published in the magazine. RUS assume* no responsibility for damages due to errors or
Omission*.
R US w a member o 1 1 he C W Commu n icatio nsV I nc. group . I he wor Id ' s largest publisher o i com p ui ■
er-reltled information. The group publishes 44 computer publication* in IK major countries. Nine
million people read one or more of the group's publications each month. Members of the publica-
tion group include: Australia: Australasian Computerwrld, Micro Magazine; Argentina: Com-
puterworldt' Argentina; Brazil: DataSews. MkroMundo; Denmark: Computtrtvortd/Damrurk t
MikroDaia; France: Lt Monde Informatique; Germany: ComputerWoche. SttsroComputerWeit,
PC Writ: Italy: Computer-n-orld Italia; Japan: Computer* arid Japan. PC Japan; Mexico; Com-
puter*ortd /Mexico; Norway: Camputerwfid .Verge, MikroDaia; People's Republic of China:
China Comput&vrotld; Saudi Arabia: Saudi Computerwortd; Spain: Computtrworld/Espana, Mi-
craSistemat; Sweden: Computer Sweden, MikroDatorn, Mtn Hemthtor; United Kingdom: Com-
puter Management, Computer Business Europe; United States: Computer+vrld, HOT CoCo, in-
Cider. InfoWorld. Micro Market World, Microcomputing, PC World. HO Micro. RUS,
4 I RUN April L9S4
©...Making
ome Town Business Grow
Info Designs is the leading producer of
accounting software for the Commodore 64...
home town businesses made us Number 1.
We specialize in Accounting Software and
market only the highest quality business
systems. Our integrated systems have helped
businesses become more prosperous through
better management of their money and re-
sources. Info Designs five accounting pack-
ages make it possible for you to computerize
you r business cost effectively. Our proven bus-
iness software packages have been purchased
for $595 each. With 100,000 programs sold,
you can be assured of a proven value at $79.95
perCommodore-64 program.
Select the disk programs you need —
• Accounts Receivable/Billing
• Account Payable/Checkwriting
• General Ledger
• Inventory Management
• Payroll
Customer Support Plan
An optional telephone consulting service is
available to support installation and ongoing
operations.
To Purchase
See your local Commodore-64 Dealer or call
us directly at (313) 540-7772.
Circle 102 on Header Service card.
Info Designs Inc.
6905 Telegraph Road
Birmingham, Ml 48010
Info
WBm
R U
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
WAYNE GREEN PUBLICATIONS
Jeff DeTray
KDITOH* IN -CHIEF
Dennis ErUion
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Qtty Wright
COPY ED1TOH
Swain Pratt
REVIEW EDJTOB
Sliawn l.atlamnje
ASSISTANT i;nrn>K
Marilyn AnnuixL
PROOFREADER
Harold Ujurmen
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Robert Raker, Tom Hcnfurd, David Busth,
Louis Sander. Jim Simma
PRODUCTION DIRECTOR
Nancy Salmon
EDITORIAL DESIGN MANAGER
Suvan Gron
LAYOUT EDITORS
Joan Ahem, Phil Geraei. Maurelle Cmday t
Sue Hays. Judy OBwTi Phyllis Pittet. Glenn Suokko
PASTE-UP ARTISTS
Lahri Bond. Connie Emu utter, Linda Drew,
Sandra Dulceltc, Marjorie Gj31ec-s. Anne Rocchio,
Lynn e Simomon. Kenneth Sutdifle, Leslie Walden
All PRODUCTION
Jane Preston
All COORDINATORS
l'a( Bradley, Paula Kanisey
FILM PRODUCTION
Nathaniel HttfQCS, supervisor; Laurie Gardos,
Donna Harwell, Laurie Jcnnison^ Sturdy Thomas,
Theresa V'ervillc, Robert Vitleoeuvc
TYPESETTING
Sura Bedell, supervisor; Darlcne Bailey.
Prcrn Krishna Cm... iv Lynn llr lines.
Cynthia LcUJurneaii, Kunhcrly Nadrau,
Lindy Pal misano. Heidi N. Ttiomai,
Sue Weller
cheativk DIRECTOR
Christine Deitrempes
DESIGN MANAGER
Joyce PilUrelb
DESIGN CONSULTANT
Suzanne Toishcya
CBCEF COPYWRITER
Sieve Tripp
P U IS LIS II EH/P RES I D KNT
Wayne Qncrj
VICE PRESIDENT/GENERAL MANAGER
Debra Wclherbee
VICE PRESIDENT/FINANCE
Kcgcr Murphy
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT/VP
Mali Smith
ASSISTANT TO THE VP/FINANCK
Dominique Smith
DIRECTOR OF MARKETING & SALES
David Schisslcr
DIRECTOS OF CIRCULATION
William P, Howard
(60 J > 924^947 1
RETAIL & NEWSSTAND SALES MANAGER
Ciinnie Boudrieau
(BOO) Mumn
DIRECT* J R OF ADVERTISING
Stephen Twombly
ADVERTISING SALES
Harold Stephen.?, Louise O "Sullivan;
Heather i ■■■■.: .■;,.], coordinator
(fiOJ) 924-7 138
PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER
Jim Leonard
RUN ning Ruminations
How Interesting
Is Your Commodore?
Wanted: Unique Applications
What has your Commodore com-
puter done for you lately? RUN mag-
azine wants to know. We're interested
in hearing how you have your VTC-20
or C-64 working for you.
Sure, you may have your system set
up in the family room at home. You can
probably fire up the latest game from
your collection at a moment's notice.
Maybe you have a printer hooked up to
your system for word processing. You
may be doing home inventory on your
Commodore machine, or maybe even
occasional budget analysis.
These are all fine applications, but
surely Commodorists must be doing
more with their machines.
I've heard of some truly interesting
and imaginative applications for other
systems: Heaths being used for home
environment control; Apples used to
control space shuttle flight experiments;
TRS-80s running robots; IBMs finding
a place in the mainstream outside the
boardroom; and even an Osborne in
Afghanistan used to report the gueril-
la war.
What about it, Commodorists? Can
you match any of these unique applica-
tions? I know that teachers arc finding
the Commodore machines to be valu-
able aides in the classroom; let's hear
about their uses. VIC-20s and C-64s are
particular favorites among hams for
their amateur radio applications; call in
and be heard.
Perhaps you run a small business out
of your home, or use your system to
monitor energy usage in your home.
Share your experiences with others
through the pages of RUN. We want to
know how our readers are using their
systems.
Of course, not every application will
be as exotic as the one we relate on page
52 of this issue (see "The Hypnotist"),
or as extraterrestrial as last month's
cover story (see "C-64: In Search of the
Tenth Planet," March 1984, p. 42).
We're interested in applications in
virtually all areas — home, education,
science, personal management. Com-
modore computerists are always on the
lookout for new ways to use their ma-
chines. Your articles may serve as a
springboard for others.
For assistance with the preparation
of such articles, send a self-addressed,
stamped envelope to RUN, 80 Pine St.,
Peterborough, N.H. 03458, and we'll
mail you a copy of the magazine's au-
thor's guidelines. As always, we invite
your ideas, comments and suggestions.
Let's keep the lines open.
A Challenge
RUN magazine has received many
fine articles describing how users can
select the possible text, border and
screen color combinations offered on
their Commodore machines. The ar-
ticles include program listings — some
several pages long — that allow you to
do this. But there has to be a better way.
We're looking for the simplest,
quickest program listing to display all
the possible color combinations on the
computer. And we're betting that it can
be done in a half dozen— or fewer —
program lines.
Well, programmers, there's your as-
signment for the month — six lines or
less. Can it be done? Let us know. We'll
publish the results of this challenge in a
couple of months.
6 /RUN April 1984
Ore to S3 on Reader Service card.
WordPro 3 Plus764
The #1 Selling Word Processor for the Commodore 64 7
t
— "ft
WordPro 3 Plus T 764 and SpellRight Plus'" provide a total word
processing solution for the Commodore 64"" which gives you:
* Sophisticated Word Processing
* Built-in Mail Merging for Form Letters
* Math Functions for Column Totals
* Fast and Complete Spell Checking via SpellRight Plus
* A Super Value (two programs) for Only S99.95!
WordPro and SpellRight are both specifically designed for the
novice user with no computer or word processing experience
whatsoever. And with over 40,000 WordPro versions sold, you
can be sure that WordPro is a very sophisticated word
processor loaded with powerful features including: Transfer,
Insert, Delete, and Rearrange Text, Auto Page Numbering, Math
Functions, Headers, Footers, Global Search and Replace, the
Ability to Create Multiple Personalized Letters and Documents,
and much more. WordPro can create documents of virtually
any length and will print up to 165 columns wide. You get all of
this PLUS fast and complete spell checking using SpellRight
Plus!
"*. u \ ' • <
SpellRight Plus locates and highlights misspelled words and
then allows you to quickly correct the misspellings —
improving the quality of your letters and reports.
And, best of all, WordPro and SpellRight's powerful arsenal
of features can be put to use almost immediately — by even
the novice user. So whether you're a student, professional
writer, in business, education or a hobbyist, you'll quickly
become a WordPro Pro!
Both WordPro and SpellRight Plus are also available separately
at popular computer outlets nationwide.
Invest In the best . . .WordPro Plus. In a class by itself.
Professional Software Inc.
51 Fremont Street
Needham, MA 02194
(617)444-5224
Telex: 951579
Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.
WordPro 3 Plus'VfM and SpellRight Plus'" are trademarks of Professional Software Inc.
The WordPro Plus Series was designed and written by Steve Punter of Pro-Micro Software Ltd.
SpellRight Plus was designed and wrilten by Dwlght Huff and Joe Spatafora o) SpeliMaster Systems. Inc.
Some printers may not support certain WordPro 3 Plus (unctions and/or require an interface. Please check with your dealer
Commodore 64™ is a trademark of Commodore Electronics Lid.
RUN Wants You!
We're not looking for just a few good articles. We're not even looking for
a lot of good articles. We are looking for a lot of great articles! You have
them and we want them! RUN magazine is going to be the best magazine ever
for the Commodore 64 and V1C-20. We have a little ways to go, and we need
your help. Send us that clever programming technique you stumbled upon,
that fantastic game you designed, that utility program that is going to revolu-
tionize the way people use their computers.
Write it down! Mail it to us! We pay real money for articles //they are
good enough.
What sort of articles? Any and everything under the Commodore sky.
You and your computer have gone through a lot together, and you must
have learned quite a few things along the way. Share that knowledge with the
rest of us.
What sort of unique tricks, styles, applications, experiences did you pick
up on the way to where you are now? What do you do with your Commodore
64 or VIC-20 that no one else docs? What programs have you written that are
really marvelous?
Basic programming or programming in Basic, humor or satire, cartoons or
games, assembly language or assembling projects, tips, trips, high scores,
numbers, user groups, sorts, soups, nuts, facts and even fictions.
Send your submissions to:
RUN
80 Pine Street
Peterborough, NH 03458
For a copy of the RUN author's guidelines, send us a self-addressed,
stamped envelope.
How to type listings
from RUN magazine
Typing in listings can be difficult enough without having to worry about
strange graphics characters, charts or tables. That's why we decided to make it
easy to enter listings from RUN by translating everything we thought might be
confusing in any program.
When you see something between the curly brackets, all you have to do is
press the keys indicated. For example:
{SHIFT L} — means hold down the shift key and press the L key at the same
time.
{COMD J} — means hold down the Commodore key (it is on the lower left side
of the keyboard) and press the J key at the same time.
{SHIFT CLR}— hold down the shift key and press the CLR/HOME key.
{HOME}— press the CLR/HOME key without shifting.
{CTRL 6} — hold down the control key and press the 6 key.
{FUNCT 2} — function 2 (in this case, you hold down the shift key and press
the function 1 key).
{CRSR UP} {CRSR DN} {CRSR LF} {CRSR RT}— these are the four cur-
sor directions.
{UP ARROW} — means the arrow key (the one with the pi sign under it).
{LB.} — the British pound sign (£).
{PI}— the pi sign key (ir); (shift and press the up arrow key).
In some instances, when a large number of characters or spaces are repeated
in a listing, we will represent them this way: {22 spaces} or { 17 CRSR LFs}.
We hope this system will make it easier to enter the listings without having to
remember or refer to any charts or conventions. If you have any suggestions as
to how we might improve the system to make it even easier, drop us a letter.
Manuscripts
Contributions in the form of man-
uscripts with drawings and/or
photographs are welcome and will be
considered for possible publication.
We can assume no responsibility for
loss or damage to any material.
Please enclose a self-addressed,
stamped envelope with each submis-
sion. Payment for the use of any un-
solicited material will be made upon
acceptance. All contributions should
be directed to RUN editorial offices.
"How to Write for RUN" guidelines
are available upon request.
Editorial Offices
Pine Street
Peterborough, NH 03458
Phone: 603-924-9471
Advertising Offices
Elm Street
Peterborough, NH 03458
Phone: 603-924-7138
Circulation Offices
Pine Street
Peterborough, NH 03458
Phone: 603-924-9471
To Subscribe, Renew
or Change an Address
Write to RUN, Subscription De-
partment, PO Box 954, Farming-
dale, NY 11737. For renewals and
changes of address, include the ad-
dress label from your most recent is-
sue of RUN. For gift subscriptions,
include your name and address as
well as those of gift recipients.
Subscription
Problem or Question
Write to RUN, Subscription
Department, PO Box 954, Farrn-
ingdalc, NY 11737. Please include an
address label.
Problems with Advertisers
Send a description of the problem
and your current address to: RUN,
Rt. 101 & Elm Street, Peterborough,
NH 03458, ATTN.: Rita B. Rivard,
Customer Service Manager. If ur-
gent, call 1-800441-4403.
8 / RUN April 11)84
Introducing the Most Powerful
Business Software Ever!
FOR YOUR TRS-80 • IBM • APPLE • KAYPRO • COMMODORE 64 • MSDOS OR CP/M COMPUTER*
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heVERSABUSINES
Each VersaBusiness module can be purchased and used independently,
or can be linked in any combination to form a complete, coordinated business system.
VERSARECEIVABLES™ $99.95
VotSARECBVAW^S" is a complete menu driven account! receivable, invoicing, and
monthly statement generating sy&iem. It keeps track of all information related to who
owes you or your company money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac-
counts. VERSA Re cejvabies- pnnts all necessary statements, invoices, and summary
reports and can be hnSted with VeksaLeDGEH If* and VSRSAtNVENTORV'*.
VERSAPAYABLES™ $99.95
VERSaPaVABLES - " is designed to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you
in touch with all information regarding how much money your company owes, and to
whom. Versa Payables- maintains a complete record on each vendor, prints checks,
check registers, vouchers, transaction reports, aged payables reports, vendor reports,
and more. With VERSAPAYABLES". you can even let your computer automatically select
which vouchers are to be paid.
VERSaPaYROLL" $99.95
VERSA Payroll" is a powerful and sophfiiicafed. bur easy to use payroll sy&Eem thai
keeps track of all government required payroll information. Complete employee records
are maintained, and al: wc^sary payroll calculations are performed automatically, with
totals displayed on screen for operator approval. A payroll can be run totally, automati-
cally, or the operator can intervene to prevent a check from being printed* or to alter
information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the ^fcRSA LEDGER IP system,
VERSALEDGER IP $149.95
VERSA LeOG EHlF'isdcompleteaccountinfjsystcmthatgrowsasvourbustness
grows. Versa Ledgeb II™ can be used as a simple personal checkbook register,
expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large
corporate general ledger system without any additional software.
• VERSA LEDGER 11™ gives you almost unlimited storage capacity
{300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system),
• stores all check and general ledger information forever,
• prints tractor-feed checks,
• handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers,
• prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers,
balance sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account
listings, etc.
VersaLeoger II" comes with a professionally-written 160 page manual de-
signed for first-time users. The VERSALEDGER If" manual will help you become
quickly familiar with VersaLedger II", using complete sample data files
supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts.
VersaInventory 7 "
S99.95
VERSAbiVE,\TQHY- is a complete inventory control system thai gives you instant access
to data on any Item V^HSaInvEntohy"" keeps track of all information related to what
flema are m stock, out of slock, on backordcr, etc.. Mora sales and pricing data, alerts
you when an item falls below a preset reorder point, and allows you to enter and prim
invoices directly or to link with the VERSaReceivables- system. VERSAlNVENTCftY" prints
all needed inventory listings, reports of items below reorder point, inventory value re-
ports, period and ytdrto ditii lata reports, price Ibis, inventory checklists, etc.
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BWHy VfltfABUMNBBff* module « r^arantewdTotJuipvrfnTrnaLlttCtwrcumpenTiveiyitfi'ri*.
and al a fr aeiion ol ihdr cot I. K you arc not ulrafi^ 141th anyVTRS A BUSINESS" module, you
may return it wtthm 30 day* for n refund. Manual* for any VERSA BUSINESS"" rnodult may be
pujt.hfl**(i for )ZS each, credited toward a lalcr pure hut of that moduli.
Ait CP/M bAved Compulers muil be equipped with Microsoft BASIC
(MlJASIC c»r BASIC 80]
To Order:
Write or call Toll-free <800) 431-2818
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" L'.dd 53 for shipping in UPS area!
' odd 14 for C.O.D or non-UPS area*
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All price* and ipecificatboru lubftfcl to change ..
' add $5 to CANADA or MEXICO
h add proper postage elsewhere
Delivery lubjecl lo availability
*T>i*?VerMBuiini^Sen«HavaU3bk(qf TRS-80- IBM APPLE KAYPRO COMMODORE 64 OSBORNE ■ XEROK TELEV1DEO SANYO - ZENITH ■ NEC ■ DEC - Tl EPSON MORROW
MICRO DECISION NORTHSTAR MSDOS WCP/Mccnrnputer»v.H/Ji8'a^drt^
Circle 9 en Reader Service card-
MAGIC is tricks, MAGIC is fun.
MAGIC is doing what cannot be done.
Compiled by Louis F. Sander
MAGIC is a monthly column of hints, tricks and
odds and ends from the worlds of software, hardware
and applications.
Every month, MAGIC brings you brief and useful com-
puter tricks from around the world— tricks that others have
found to make computing easier, more enjoyable or more
exciting.
MAGIC features simple hardware ideas, one-line programs,
useful subroutines, little-known computer facts and similar items
of interest. We look for new or recycled material that is of current
value to Commodore computerists and that can be implemented
with a minimum of time, effort, or theoretical knowledge.
Send your own tricks to: MAGIC
c/o Louis F. Sander
PO Box 15253
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
U.S.A.
RUN will pay up to $50 for each unpublished trick we print.
MAGlC's tricks are numbered in hex, the number system of sorcery
and computers.
This month, most of our tricks are for handling magnetic
media and for typing and using the keyboard. These topics
are of widespread interest, and of course our readers are
dealing with them in most creative ways.
A veritable river of tricks is flowing into our box, and
from what we can tell, readers really appreciate this part of
the magazine. If you'd like to see your own trick in RUN,
send it in and see what happens. We read every trick, and
we print all the good ones we can find room for. MAGIC'S
Trick Writer's Guide, full of tips for authors, is available
for an SASE.
!p33 Reset buttons— One thing that many people like
to add to the VIC and C-64 is a reset switch. The reset line
comes out to several connectors on both machines, and if
you rig a momentary switch to ground it, you'll have a reset
button. The preferred approach is to wire the switch to a
separate connector, which you plug into the machine as
needed. The undesirable alternative is to solder a switch di-
rectly 10 the computer. This may make it hard to get repair
service, should you ever need it.
Resetting either machine restarts it with the familiar
bytes free message, which you see when you first turn on
your computer. Basic's pointers are reset to their power-up
values, but user memory isn't disturbed. So a reset gets the
computer out of any bizarre states you've put it in, and
gives you a chance to recover your program. You have
three choices on connecting the switch.
First, on either machine, between pins 2 and 6 of the
serial I/O port. This is a good choice, because the connec-
tor can be inserted only one way, and because this port is
available on the computer and on the disk drive, if one is
connected.
Second, on either machine, between pins 1 and 3 of the
user I/O port. This is less desirable because some user port
connectors can be inserted upside down, wiring your switch
to an unintended, potentially disastrous, place.
Third, between pins A and C of the C-64 expansion slot,
or between X and Z of the VIC expansion slot . Depending
on your connector, this method may or may not share the
hazards of the one above.
Tom Hoppe
Spokane, WA
!p34 More on connectors — Radio Shack stores carry
two blank circuit boards that fit the VIC's expansion port:
#276-152 or #276-154, each selling for under $4. The
#276-1551 is a matching 44-pin, 22-position socket, and
you can make a nice motherboard by mounting several of
them on one of the blank boards.
If you don't have a local source for user port or cassette
connectors, you can cut up a #276-1551 and make an
acceptable substitute. Use a hacksaw, and carefully cut off
a 12-position section from one end and a 6-position section
from the other. Discard the extra 4- pin section, which will
probably be rather hacked-up anyway. If you use care in in-
serting your new single-ended connectors, they can give
good service until you locate something better.
Dick Halapin
Apollo, PA
$35
Cassette tip— There is no need to advance your
cassettes past the plastic leader before doing a Save. Com-
modore computers start every Save by recording ten sec-
onds of programless leader tone, allowing plenty of time
for the magnetic part of the tape to appear in front of the
record head.
Thomas McClary
Hollywood, CA
$36 Cassette loading— If you are getting numerous
Load errors when trying to load a tape, try moving the
datassette farther away from the computer and monitor. It
may put an end to your troubles.
Richard D. Bailey
Bronx, NY
vj>3 7 Tape library hint — Saving different types of pro-
grams on the same tape can lead to a lot of searching for the
right tape and program. Try saving one type of program on
one tape, and a different type on another tape. For exam-
ple, reserve one tape for games and another for home-
financial programs. This technique will help you find and
load your programs much faster. You will also enjoy seeing
your program collection grow while feeling organized.
Stephen Morse
Northfield, MA
q*3o Disk hint — If a floppy disk has been exposed to
cold temperatures for any length of time, it must be allowed
to slowly warm to room temperature. If you record on a
cold disk, you may not be able to read it when it is warm. A
prerecorded disk may also cause problems when cold.
Always allow your disks to warm slowly to room temper-
ature, never using any sort of artificial heat source. You
should use similar precautions with disks that have become
overly hot for some reason.
Tom Skantar
Pleasant Unity, PA
Cp3" Disk care — To help prevent damage to your disks
(dust, smoke, spills, etc.), store them individually in Ziploc
sandwich bags. These bags are waterproof and transparent,
and their small cost is well worth the protection they give.
Ed Moore
Portland, ME
Ip3 A. Disk storage— K-Mart and other stores have a $2
plastic 8-track tape storage box that nicely holds up to 60
disks. The box has a 4'/i- x 12-inch opening, and two rows
of disks will fit perfectly if they are inserted crosswise to the
direction intended for the 8-track tapes. There's also a plas-
tic lid to keep the dust out. The K-Mart stock number for
the box is C-12 or XC-12, and it's made by Soho Corp.,
P.O. Box 20081, Ferndale, MI 48220. If you can't find the
box in your local store, ask the manager to get it for you. If
that fails, write to Soho and ask for the name of a local
dealer (they don't sell to consumers).
Tom Relgle
Shattuc, II.
J> Jj ij Disk flipping — It is possible to use both sides of a
disk, if you're willing to cut a new write protect notch and
RUN April 1984 / II
to take a few chances with reliability. Disk drives read the
bottom side of the disk (the unlabeled side), and disk man-
ufacturers test and guarantee the quality of the magnetic
coating on that side.
The top side of the disk is also coated with magnetic ma-
terial, and even though it isn't guaranteed or tested, in
many cases it works perfectly well. The only thing that pre-
vents you from using it is the absence of a write protect
notch in the proper place. If you cut one with a razor blade
or sharp scissors, voilal, you have a flippable floppy disk.
It's good to use a second disk, flipped over, as a template
for cutting the notch. The new notch goes just opposite the
old, in the area where the manufacturer's label is usually
placed. To use the top side of the newly-notched disk, just
insert it upside down into your drive (oval read-slot first,
manufacturer's label downward).
There are some warnings. It's possible that your new
disk surface has some flaws in it, and if it does, it's likely
that you'll lose some data. Also, flipping a disk changes its
direction of rotation with respect to the jacket, possibly re-
leasing some of the contaminants the jacket has scrubbed
from the magnetic surface.
Disk manufacturers advance these and other reasons
against flipping disks. Computerists often successfully dis-
regard them. It's up to you to decide whether the saving is
worth the risk, and to act accordingly. After all, when you
dabble in magic, you also dabble in danger*.
David William Vcrnham
Michigan State University
3*«5l^ Locking disk files — Program and data files on a
Commodore disk can be locked against accidental deletion
or modification by using the Rename command to add a
shifted space (represented here as -) as the first character of
the filename. The unexpected result is that in the disk di-
rectory "-FILENAME" will become ""FILENAME. At-
tempts to scratch "FILENAME" will produce a File Not
Found error, while attempts to scratch ""FILENAME will
give an Illegal Quantity error, preventing the file from be-
ing scratched. The same holds true for all other disk com-
mands, except those using the wild card (*), which will, of
course, match anything. The locked program or file can be
loaded by including the shifted space in the filename:
LOAD" -FILENAME", 8. It can be unlocked by renaming
it and deleting the shifted space. This trick works on all
Commodore disk drives, and with all Commodore com-
puters.
Garold R. Stone
Annapolis Jet., MD
$3D
Key sensing— Memory location 653 can be used
to sense the status of three non-printing keys on the VIC or
C-64. The usual value in 653 is zero, but it changes when
these keys are depressed:
shift key = 1
Commodore key = 2
CTRL key = 4
The values are additive; Shift/CTRL will generate a five,
Shi ft /Commodore, a three and so on. You can examine
this feature in detail by typing:
10 PRINT '-[cIcarl'TEEKtesB) : GOTO 10
Run the program and press the various keys.
Quyen N. Truong
Address unknown
$3E
Keypress detection — The content of memory
location 197 is determined by the key that is pressed at any
given instant, and that fact can be used to advantage in
programming. If no key is pressed, PEEK(197) =64. Other
keys change the Peek, but to different numbers on the C-64
and VIC-20. Table I gives the values for both machines. If
several keys are pressed at once, 197 will respond to the key
with the highest value in the table. Memory location 203
holds the same value as 197, so you can use the two inter-
changeably.
Notice that these locations don't respond to the shift,
control, Commodore, or restore keys.
lorn Hoppe
Spokane, WA
$3F
SAVE® replaced— The 1541 disk drive's Save
and Replace command (SAVE"@0:NAME") is useful
when you are developing a program, because it lets you
save successive versions of the program without changing
its name each time. Unfortunately, the Save® command
has a bug that occasionally causes some other file to be re-
placed with the updated program. One solution is to avoid
KEY
&M
VIC
KEY
o*»
VIC
KEY
G64
VIC KEY 064 VIC
KEY
C-64 VIC
—
57
8
fl
4
39
+
40
5
O
5
47
A
10
17
N
39
28
1
56
43
61
(5
6
55
B
28
35
38
52
2
59
56 £
48
6
f7
3
63
C
20
34
P
41
13
3
8
1 @
46
53
SPACL
60
32
D
13
IS
Q
62
48
4
11
57
49
14
RETURN
1
15
E
14
49
R
17
10
5
16
2 t
54
54
STOP
63
24
F
21
42
S
13
41
6
19
58
45
45
HOME
51
62
G
26
19
T
22
50
7
24
3 '.
50
22
DELETE
7
H
29
43
U
30
51
8
27
59 I
S3
46
CRSR DN
7
31
I
3.1
12
V
31
27
9
32
4
47
29
CRSR RT
2
23
J
34
20
w
9
9
35
60
44
37
NO KEY
64
64
K
37
44
X
23
26
/
55
30
L
42
21
Y
25
11
M
36
36
z
12
33
Table 1.
Values ofPEEK(197)for various keys on C-64 and VIC-20.
12 / RUN April 1984
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Progrimmers: Writs to our New Program Manager concerning
any exceptional VIC 2QTM or Commodore B4TM gime
or other program you havo developed.
the Save and Replace function— lo scratch the old program
first and then to save normally. This requires quite a bit of
typing if a program is being updated very often. The
following routine avoids the typing and the bug.
59999 END
60000 OPEN 15.8,l5,"S0:NAME":CLOSE]5:SAVE"0rNAME",8
Whenever you want to save the updated version of your
program, just enter GOTO 60000.
Jack Ryan
El Dorado, AR
$40
C-64 control key— The C-64's CTRL key can be
used with letter keys to provide some interesting results.
Here are some examples:
CTRL-H Disable case switch
CTRL-I Enable case switch
CTRL-N Switch to lowercase
CTRL-R RVS ON
(Case switch is the ability to switch upper/lowercase with
the shift and logo keys.)
If you look at the table of CHR$ codes in your user's
manual, you'll be able to see what's happening, CTRL-A is
equivalent to CHR$(1), CTRL-B to CHR$(2), etc. Since N
is the 14th letter of the alphabet, CTRL-N is equivalent to
CHR$(14). The technique works for CHR$(0) through
CHR$(31), and can be useful in sending control codes to
printers, modems and the like.
Eric Sink
Morris, II,
$41 Disabling STOP, etc.— Many people have written
about their ways of disabling the stop key and other
features. We want to pass them along to you, but we'll
precede them with a caution: Anything involving Pokes to
locations in the operating system also involves a risk of un-
wanted side effects and possible system crashes. We've
tested these tricks, and they seem to work fine, but be
aware that they may play tricks of their own under some
circumstances. In other words, we're talking strong magic
here. For the VIC-20:
POKE 808,114 disables the stop key, but the stop/rcsiorc key combin-
ation continues to work.
POKE 808, 100 or POKE 808, 127 disables Stop, and Slop/Restore and
List.
POKE 808,1 12 returns the above to normal.
POKE 818,73 : POKE 819,245 disables the Save command. Stop/
Restore, unless disabled as above, enables Save again.
POKE 775,0 disables the List command.
POKE 775, 199 enables it again.
For the C-64:
POKE 808,239 disables the stop key, but the stop/restore combina-
tion continues to work.
POKE 808,225 disables Stop and Slop/Restore and List.
POKE 808,237 returns the above lo normal.
POKE 775,200 disables the List command.
POKE 775,167 enables il again.
L.F.S.
$42 Keyboard disable— On VIC or C-64, POKE 649,0
will disable the keyboard until a POKE 649,10 enables it
again.
Doug Speta
Springfield, IL
Glide i on Reader Service caid.
RUN April 1984 / 15
Commodore Clinic
By Jim Strasma
Commodore clinic is a regular month-
ly column designed to help you, the
RUN reader, through any troubles
or questions you have as you use
your new VIC-20 or C-64 computer.
Mail questions (please don't phone)
to:
Jim Strasma
Commodore Clinic
1238 Richland Ave.
Lincoln, IL 62656 USA
(Also include a stamped self-ad-
dressed reply envelope if you would
like a personal reply.)
Hardware
First, the question you've all been
asking:
\£: Where's the Speed-up ROM
you mentioned in RUNs premiere
issue?
Mel Agne
Baltimore, MD
-T\: I'm sorry to report that the new
Speed-up ROM. . .doesn't. A new
ROM is in all of the 1541s that have
been shipped recently, but I've been un-
able to detect any speed increase as a re-
sult. On the other hand, the new drives
do work rather well compared to earlier
ones. Commodore is apparently not
selling the new ROM (which may be
part #901229-05AE) separately yet.
Since it comes as an EPROM, your deal-
ership may be able to get permission to
duplicate it until it can be bought.
%£ : Could the C-64 be used as a real
business machine and he left on aS the
time?
Herb Gross
Elgin, IL
Jr\: Yes, we're using one in a thou-
sand-member church. We also leave our
home system on several hours every
day. However, for business use you
must use it with a good dual disk drive,
such as the 4040, 8050 or 8250.
\£: I am soon to be assigned to Eu-
rope. Do you know of a 220 V/50 Hz
transformer for the C-64? If not, would
a 220 VAC to 5 volt dc power supply
work?
Ron Moore
Ft. Huachuch, AZ
/\: Commodore sells 64s just as
quickly in Europe as here. I expect all
you'll need when you arrive is a new
power supply, which shouldn't cost too
much. But do stick with an official one.
It handles more than just 5 volts.
In a pinch, you can just step down the
line voltage from 220 to 110 volts, and
use your current power supply. The 50
Hz correction in the CBM models was
left out of the 64, so it may not be a
problem. A more serious hassle is the
TV; European standards differ from
ours. To use your 64, you may have to
take along a suitable monitor.
I'd suggest writing Commodore Brit-
ain at The Commodore Information
Centre, 675 Ajax Ave., Slough, Berk-
shire SL1 4BG, England, or phoning
them at (0753) 79292.
\£- When I hold a light pen, which I
constructed, to the screen in one spot,
the Y values remain constant, while the
X values range up or down by 15 over a
one second interval. Why? Will soft-
ware written for other light pens work
with mine?
Also, do you have a formula for
changing the X.Y coordinates into
screen locations on the 64?
Keith Spencer
Groves, TX
Jm.: Your experience is typical of the
64' s resolution with inexpensive light
pens. Newer 64s may do better than
older ones, due to a revised VIC-II chip,
but truly usable resolution requires a
light pen that costs almost as much as a
64. The only truly accurate light pen
I've seen that you can buy is Flexidraw,
from Inkwell Systems of San Diego, CA.
The Hexidraw programs do not work
with other light pens, but simpler pro-
grams should, as long as you don't
mind only being able to choose accu-
rately among rows rather than columns
on the screen.
Here is Cardco's Card writer algo-
rithm for converting X and Y to a
screen location:
LC = SS + SW*INT«Y - LY)/DY) + INT((X -
LXVDX)
where SS = screen start: 1024 (7680 or
40% on VIQ
SW = screen width: 40 (22)
LY = low Y value: 50 (24)
LX = low X value : 45 (34)
DY = dotsA' location: I (4)
DX = dots /X location : 5 (4)
K£'- When using the restore key with
(he stop key (to force a non-maskable
interrupt and warm start of Basic), it is
necessary to strike the restore key a
rather heavy blow to obtain a response.
All of our 64s exhibit this. Why?
R.C. Tilby
Tahlequah, OK
jl\: Unless something has recently
been changed, nothing on the 64's key-
board should require abuse to work. In-
side each key is a spring, and below that
a conductive foam pad. This pad, when
the key is pressed, shorts out two open
contacts on a printed circuit board at
the bottom of the keyboard assembly.
In our experience, two things go
wrong with keys to make them fail.
First, there may be junk between the
foam and the circuit board. Cigarette
smoke and cracker crumbs are typical
offenders; once I even found some left-
over masking tape. Second, the foam it-
self may deteriorate with use. The cure
for either requires a full disassembly of
the keyboard unit (thoroughly voiding
your warranty). If dirt is the culprit,
clean it out with a jet of air or an alcohol
swab. If the pad is failing, remove the
key and either replace it or rotate the
spring unit 180 degrees. This usually
works.
In your school environment, heavy
use and some beating on the keyboard is
likely. I'd suggest you limit other
sources of trouble by banning smoking,
16 / RUN April 1984
^ommoaore 64
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food and drink from the computer
classroom.
One final thought — since you cannot
continue a running program after press-
ing the restore key, it may be just as well
to have to press it firmly.
\£ : I wish to connect a surplus key-
board to a VIC. Could you print a sche-
matic of the VIC keyboard? How
would a number pad be wired in?
Peter Michalopoulos
Cumberland, RI
l\>: I did this once, five years ago, to
a PET computer. Never again! The VIC
already has an excellent keyboard. But
if you insist, the keyboard is basically a
square matrix of 8 rows and columns.
When you press a key, one row is con-
nected with one column. Sixty times a
second, the computer watches for this
and translates the event into the proper
character. To add a separate keyboard
or keypad, just use a continuity tester to
figure out which row and column are
mated by a desired key, and hook up a
key on the added keyboard to the same
row and column. It's tedious, but the
only difficult part is figuring what to do
with the rat's nest of wires when you're
done.
\£t I would like to know what
changes are needed to make a Tandy
TP-10 thermal printer compatible with
the VIC or 64.
Peter Michalopoulos
Cumberland, RI
A: The TP-10 is a 600 baud serial
printer for the Color Computer. To
hook it to a Commodore will either be
as easy as connecting a 3-wire cable
from a Commodore 1011 serial inter-
face, or as difficult as controlling the
1525 printer from a Color Computer.
I'd suggest looking into similar printers
specifically for the VIC and 64, such as
the one Alphacom is advertising.
\J: Can a Supercord interface to
the C-64 be used with a three year old
Smith Corona Typelronie typewriter
that has no computer port?
Keith W. Klarin
Shrewsbury, NJ
x\_: The Supercord interface to cur-
rent Typetronics has two parts: a board
that goes into the typewriter box and a
box connected to the board on one end
and to the 64's user port on the other.
However, connecting via the user port
may be a bad idea. Only one of the text
editors (TOTL.TEXT), which I recom-
mend, works with the Supercord inter-
face.
Far better would be a substitute that
attaches to the serial bus used by Com-
modore's own printers. Unfortunately,
Supercord does not offer that option,
and we know of no alternative interface
to the Typctronic. With the price of
printers dropping rapidly, you may find
it cheapest to buy a new printer that
plugs directly into the 64's serial bus,
such as Cardco's LQ-1.
\^: I use a modem to hook a 64
to a VAX supermini system at Marshall
University. Is there any way to print my
VAX files on a Commodore printer
through my 64 and modem?
Alan Burns
Proetorville, OH
xV.: The new SuperTerm terminal
emulator package from Midwest Micro,
Inc., should be able to handle most of
that, when combined with their smart
ASCII printer cable, but on an ASCII
printer, not a Commodore one. If your
files are small enough to fit inside the 64
at once, several terminal programs copy
the file to a RAM buffer as received,
and then dump it to your printer all at
once at the end.
Software
9
stuclti
Have there been any business
lies of how much a good software
warranty (1 year or more) costs a com-
pany? Have your full warranty costs
been significant?
Herb Gross
Elgin, IL
J\.: We've seen no studies, but find
it interesting that the single most suc-
cessful Commodore supplier in the past
year, Cardco, is almost the only one to
cover its products with a lifetime full
warranty.
As for our own costs, we have to rc-
record an occasional disk that is dead
on arrival, something most reputable
companies would do anyway. We feel
strongly that the only companies who
need to fear good warranties are those
that don't put the customer first. Long
run profitability requires repeat busi-
ness. That, in turn, requires satisfied
customers, warranty or no.
\J: Is there any program lor the C-64
to (facilitate learning German?
Clarence Jorgensen
St. Augustine, FL
Jm.'. The only German programs I've
seen have been from Germany, and
they haven't been language lessons.
However, many of these are very good,
as Commodore has been the dominant
computer in Germany for several years.
If you would seriously like to learn Ger-
man via computer, write again, enclos-
ing airmail forwarding postage, and I
will pass the note you send on to one of
Midnite's German readers.
%J : Is there any way to tell if a com-
mercial disk-based program is not repro-
ducable before using the 1541 backup?
Will repeated insertions and removals
shorten the lifetime of the disk?
Stan Goldrich
New York, NY
A: If a commercial program is
copy-protected, most reputable firms
say so, either on the disk label or early in
the program manual. A full service
dealer will also usually know. Our Mid-
nite reviews now try to list whether pro-
grams are copy-protected. Perhaps re-
viewers for RUN can also keep your
question in mind.
As for ways to check, try loading the
directory first. If it looks at all unusual,
odds are the disk has been protected.
Similarly, try loading the program nor-
mally and listing it. If you can't, that's a
big clue. Beyond that, don't mess. Most
other things you could do might be in-
terpreted by the program as attempts to
break it, and the program may self-de-
struct.
Any wear will shorten the life of a
disk a tiny bit. That's why it's good to
check on the price and availability of
spare disks when buying important pro-
grams.
\£: What Ls the Poke to load one
program without wiping out another al-
ready in memory?
Dennis Hallingstad
Sparta, WI
xV.: The programmer's aid, Power
64, has an especially good command for
18 / RUN April 10M
April 15 th. is just around the cq
T>
ii^hich corner is up to you
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vtsa
Clfde 241 on Rafidor Sorvlce cafd.
TmWort It ■ ngltttred trutemurk 0/ SlmSott.
this. MRG lets two Basic programs
share memory at once without interfer-
ing with each other at all. Several other
aids have slightly similar Append com-
mands that tack new programs on to the
end of an existing program.
Another way to load a second pro-
gram is from within a machine-lan-
guage monitor, such as Micromon.
Monitor loads don't change Basic's
program pointers as Basic loads do.
However, programs can still interfere
with each other if they use the same
memory locations.
There are two regions of memory:
program and screen. Thus, it is possible
to load two programs in memory at
once, one in main memory and one on
the screen. By editing the one on the
screen to have different line numbers, it
may be added to the one in memory by
simply running the cursor up to its cor-
rected lines and pressing the return key.
At least two other methods (fooling
the cassette pointers and re-entering via
the dynamic keyboard method) also
work, but are tedious and likely to go
awry. I won't try to explain them here.
\£- Do you know whether Commo-
dore's Manager is compatible with
Wordpro? How does it compare with
Delphi's Oracle?
Patrick McNamara
Washington, DC
±\.: The 8032 version of the
Manager is fully compatible with
Wordpro, and even allows you to load
Wordpro from within the Manager.
Just send your Manager output to a se-
quential disk file, and read that back in-
to variable blocks (Control- B) in Word-
pro. The same should be true of the
newer 64 versions.
As for Manager versus Oracle, both
are among the very best data managers,
and are cross-town rivals in the Toron-
to, Ontario area. To decide between
them, choose on the basis of either price
or a special feature you need. For in-
stance, the Manager is partly in Basic,
making it slower than Oracle in some
chores, but allowing you to customize it
somewhat.
I* nigra mining
\£- I need a mini-program I'm in-
capable of writing because I would have
to use a lot of assembly language, about
which I know nothing. I term this need-
ed program, Screen Dump To Printer. I
want to be able to give students hard
copy of screen displays that are helpful
to them.
Marge Paulic
Eugene, OR
£\.: Several of these have long been
available for some Commodore mod-
els. Try your local user group. One con-
tact in your area is John Jones, 2134 NE
45th, Portland, OR 97213. The public
domain program, Basic Aid, includes
just the command you want — I added it
to the program some years ago. Several
printer interfaces also come with
suitable programs optimized for spe-
cific printers.
\£: I would like to print listings of
machine language programs. VICMON
offers no command for this. I tried typ-
ing OPEN 4,4:CMD 4 but when I trans-
fer control to VICMON, the printout
stops. Any suggestions?
Paul Scheib
League City, TX
J\.: The problem is probably in the
way you are transferring control to
VICMON. To avoid potential software
disasters, Commodore's recent Basics
disable any active CMD when executing
a BRK from Basic. To preserve your
CMD mode, you must find the Call en-
try to VICMON and SYS to it from Ba-
sic. There are two entry points into a
normal CBM cartridge like VICMON:
a cold start when the computer is first
turned on, and a warm start for when
you press the stop and restore keys at
the same time. One or the other should
work for you. The needed addresses arc
stored at SAOOO (cold) and SA002
(warm).
Try these lines of Basic to track down
the needed address:
100 ? "COLD =";PEEK{4(mO) + 256 * PEEK
(40%|)
110 ? "WARM = ";PEEK<40962) + 256 • PEEK
(40963)
Then try a SYS call to those addresses.
If either gets you into VICMON, try it
again after OPEN 4,4:CMD 4. If that
doesn't work, give up and switch to
VIC Micromon, available from user
groups. Micromon has a P command
that handles the whole job.
\£ - - I finally typed in Screen Copy, a
program in the 1525 manual. Next, I
appended it to my own program, so that
when it ran it could give me hard copy.
Then nothing! Help!
Greg Rummel
Washington, DC
A: The CAPE u^up^
area should have a suitable program.
One contact is Mike Spengel (703-920-
0513).
\^: I am curious about SYS com-
mands. What are they exactly, and how
does a person find out the function of a
particular SYS number? Similarly, is
there a listing of Pokes, giving their lo-
cation and function?
Tom Rciglc
Shatlue, 1 1
/».: SYS commands function much
like GOSUBs, except that instead of go-
ing to a certain line in Basic, SYS leaves
Basic entirely, and goes to a particular
address inside the computer, expecting
to find a suitable machine language pro-
gram to run there. If that machine-lan-
guage program ends with an RTS com-
mand ($60), your program will resume
with the Basic statement following the
SYS, just as if it had come back via a
return statement within Basic.
The beauty of both SYS and Poke is
that they give you more intimate control
of your computer than Basic alone
allows. The price you pay is having
almost none of Basic's safeguards. Al-
though it is very difficult to hurt the
computer from the keyboard, it is so
easy to lose control of a Poke or SYS
that you shouldn't use them in a new
program without first saving the pro-
gram.
As for lists of useful Poke and SYS
locations, I am preparing a complete list
for RUN. Commodore's Programmer's
Reference Guide also includes a list of
the best addresses for Pokes and SYS
calls.
\£- How can I check for accuracy
the Poke codes that are given in pub-
lished tables, which usually contain er-
rors?
Marge Paulie
Eugene, OR
jfV: First, simply try to use each
location in the way described— if it
works, it's probably right. If you
understand disassemblies, you can also
check SYS calls to see if the resulting
Continued on page 132.
20 / RUN April 1984
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• Display records found, or NOT found by a search.
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The Program Security System
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3 types of protection:
• Re-encodes program.
• Modifies diskette directory.
• Selectable and reassignable 7 digit
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and announcing.
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A reset System
Restores your BASIC Program.
After programming for hours you
press RUN for a final check of your work —
the computer locks up. You press RUN, STOP. . .
nothing — you press RESTORE. . . nothing — you
took for the missing key but it isn't there. You
have to turn off your computer and lose hours of work!!
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Software by SoftPeopie ■ Programs for the Commodore 64 m Connecting People with Great ideas.
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For Gamesters Only
By Tom Benford
Hi, gang! This month we'll take a
look at climbing games. Before we get
into the reviews, I'd like to start you off
with a strategy tip that applies lo each of
this month's games.
The Game's Got Rhythm
Timing is the single most important
element in climbing games. Certain
rhythms have to be followed in order to
achieve high scores, and this is the prin-
ciple difference between climbing games
and shoot-'em-ups. In a shooting game,
you can often just spray shots and "get
lucky."
In a climbing game, you must ob-
serve the game's rhythms, whether that
means the rate that objects are hurtling
at you or the right moment to jump;
such determinants make the difference
between really enjoying the game and
racking up a high score or getting frus-
trated as your computer buries you.
Try to observe what's going on in the
game while you watch the playfield.
Sometimes an audio prompt will fore-
tell an approaching missile, and some-
times the event will happen at a more-
or-less regular interval. By observing
these telltale quirks, you'll survive
longer on the playfield and achieve
higher scores!
Let me also remind you, in case you
didn't see last month's column, that I'm
very interested in reading your com-
ments, suggestions and items of inter-
est. Drop me a line or two to let me
know what you'd like to see in this col-
umn. Oftentimes, it's your feedback
that leads to a feature article or product
review in RUN. Send your cards or let-
ters regarding this column to:
Tom Benford
PO Box 125
Osborneville, NJ 08723
Now let's get into the climbing
games. Ready. . .set. . .jump!
Fast Eddie
(C-64 disk and VIC-20 cartridge from
Sirius Software, 10364 Rockingham
Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827. $34.95
disk, $39.95 cart.)
It isn't often that you see versions of
the same game for both the VIC and the
C-64 that are equally good, but Fast Ed-
die is one of those rare exceptions.
Because of the higher video resolu-
tion and expanded memory/sound ca-
pabilities of the C-64, the graphics are
slightly better on this version. However,
both the VIC and C-64 versions are ex-
cellent, with outstanding play action.
Play can be initiated through either
the keyboard or a joystick, with the lat-
ter being the only serious approach to
Eddie really being Fast.
The run/stop key on either machine
will pause the game so you can answer
the phone or whatever without crashing
a game in progress.
There are eight play levels, and the
objective is to manipulate Eddie around
the four plateaus on the playfield. If
you hit the fire button on your joystick,
Eddie will jump to fetch one of the
overhead prizes or to hop over one of
the gremlins trotting around trying to
get him. Some of the overhead prizes
are stationary, while others stream
across the screen.
After Eddie collects all the prizes
from each plateau, you must move him
up one Una] flight of stairs to the upper-
most platform. Here, Eddie must grab a
key, and, at precisely the right moment,
jump up and insert it into the approach-
ing gremlin robot to neutralize him.
Once you do this, you move to the
next, more difficult level.
Each successive play level presents
more obstacles for Eddie: some of the
gremlins that were stationary on a pre-
vious level later run back and forth; lad-
ders' locations vary; and prizes always
appear in hard- to -get -at spots.
The play action is excellent, and
though Fast Eddie is a simple game in
concept, it's hard to really master it;
continued play appeal is very high. Fast
Eddie will really keep you on your toes!
Strategy Tip
Determine the gremlins' running pat-
terns and how much time their cycles
take. Adjust your timing to jump them
or run up and down a ladder at just the
right instant.
Also try to get a feel for the take-off
point for running jumps and the timing
necessary' for a standing jump to avoid
the gremlins and catch the moving
prizes.
Donkey Kong
(VIC-20 cartridge from Atari, Inc.,
1265 Borregas Ave., POBox427, Sun-
nyvale, CA 94086. $44.95.)
For those of you who've never played
this arcade classic, I'll introduce the cast
to you. The big monkey at the top of the
screen is not Bonzo, and the little guy at
the bottom is not Ronald Reagan. The
hairy character is Donkey Kong and the
other fellow is Mario. The girl? Oh,
she's Mario's girlfriend, our damsel in
distress.
The gorilla, beast that he is, has an
eye for Beauty, so he kidnaps her and
22 / RUN April 1984
holds her captive on top of a building
that's under construction. Mario (our
hero) sets himself 10 the task of rescuing
his sweetie. As Mario starts to scale the
building, the big monkey goes ape and
starts chucking barrels at him.
Mario has to climb up ladders, jump
over careening barrels and duck flying
firefoxes. Ah, but love's labor is lost. It
seems that each time Mario gets to the
top and a rescue is imminent, Donkey
Kong snatches her away again.
Mario, though, is a semi -superman
with three lives before he's really dead.
But will three be enough? Hardly.
In successive levels he'll have to jump
onto a series of fast-moving elevators,
avoid some wildly-bouncing springs,
duck the firefoxes, dance on a conveyer
belt while avoiding contact with the
sand buckets on it and watch the clock!
Along the way, Mario will have to
leap over all eight steel rivets to score
points. If he can accumulate 7000
points, he gets an extra life... he'll
need it!
This is quite a good copy of the ar-
cade original by Nintendo. Of course,
it's not as lavish as the coin-op, but the
graphics and sound are good.
Play-action is very similar to the ar-
cade version, and it's a good addition to
the gaming library for the whole family,
particularly since it's for one or two
players!
Strategy Tip
The barrels and other obstacles don't
randomly drop. Get to know the pat-
terns, and coordinate Mario's move-
ments to fit the patterns. For example,
jump the first barrel, then take the stairs
to avoid the second. Stay on the stairs
until the third one passes overhead, then
jump the fourth, and so on.
It's not as hard as it sounds, although
I doubt anyone's ever mastered all four
levels on a consistent basis.
Squish 'Km
(C-64 disk and V1C-2G tape from Siriits
Software, 10364 Rockingham Drive,
Sacramento, CA 95827. $34.95 disk,
$19.95 tape.)
Squish 'Em is a great game to vent
your fnist rations. I love to climb up the
girders and stomp on these creepy-
crawlic creatures with my steel-toed
work shoes! It's a riot!
Play-action is lively and fun-packed.
Your joystick enables you to maneuver
your ironworker up and around the
girders, while your fire button allows
you to raise his legs and squish the
crawlies. The color, sound and graphics
are outstanding.
At the top of the 48-story building is a
suitcase full of cash, and you must scale
the girders to collect it. But it's not all
that simple.
During your ascent you'll encounter
falling bricks, tools and other debris.
You'll' also have the creepy-crawlies to
worry about; if they touch you, you'll
fall off the girder and smash into the
pavement below — ouch!
You can either try to avoid the
creepy-crawlies or squish them under
your boot heels. I find squishing to be
the most satisfying way to play the
game, because you also accumulate
points for each crawlie that you squish.
You'll also encounter one bonus
prize per level, but you have to claim it
on the way up, since you can't return to
a lower girder.
The game is a load of fun and has a
high continued-interest level. Your en-
lire family will enjoy Squish 'Em; it's a
great game to watch even if it's not your
turn to play. You'll have a stompin'
good time, no kidding!
Strategy Tip
Squishing everything in your path
and picking up the bonus prizes on each
level will gain you the most points. Plan
what you're going to squish next,
though, because when you first stomp
the crawlies, they stay squished for only
a few seconds. If they pop back up and
turn white, they become invincible and
almost impossible to jump. You don't
want to be trapped on a corner girder
with an indestructible crawlie heading
for you!
Hard Hat Mack
(C-64 Disk from Electronic Arts, 2755
Campus Drive, San Mateo, CA 94403.
$35.00.)
RUN April 1984 / 23
I always have fun with games from
Electronic Arts, even before I play
them. Their packaging is in the style of
an LP record album, and there's always
some amusing information printed on
the jacket, sort of like the liner notes on
an LP. You'll enjoy reading about the
creation of Hard Hat Mack from Mike
Abbot and Matt Alexander, the game's
programmers and designers. It makes
for good reading while the game disk
boots up.
The game looks simple enough when
the first playscrccn comes on. Oh, but
looks are deceiving! You use a joystick
to make tittle Mack work. He must pick
up the girders on each floor and place
them in the openings, then grab the rivet
gun and fasten them in. He should also
claim the bonus prize at the top of the
girder structure, if possible.
All the while, little Mack must avoid
the Officer of the State Housing Au-
thority (OSHA), Mack soon finds out
that Excedrin headache #83 is just an-
other way of saying OSHA.
Points arc awarded for picking up
girders, ringing the bell, placing a gird-
er, picking up a tool box or steel block,
dropping a block into the rivet machine,
riveting a girder and picking up a bonus
item.
You're initially given three Macks;
you win a bonus Mack if you gain 7000
points. The bonus clock starts with 5000
points and counts down, so if you're to
achieve a high score, you have to hustle
and pick up as many points as possible
in the least amount of time.
Everything about Hard Hat Mack is
great — graphics, sound effects, color,
play-action, interest and challenge lev-
els. This game should retain its popular-
ity for many years.
Strategy Tip
OSHA is really a pain and should be
avoided at all costs, since there's no way
of defeating him. Watch his running
patterns and try to coordinate your
girder placement and riveting so that
there's as much distance as possible be-
tween you and him. Don't hesitate to
use the elevator and springboard to
avoid this evil little creep — he's out to
get you!
Gamesters Alert
I'm in the process of compiling mate-
rial on joysticks for a future column,
and I'm interested in hearing what your
favorite joystick is, or which ones you
favor for what games. Please drop me a
line, including your name, address, age,
computer (VIC or 64) and your favorite
stick — why you like it and for which
games in particular.
Let's see if we can get enough re-
sponses to discover the most popular
sticks among gamesters. d
Address correspondence to Tom Benford
PO Box 125, Osborneville, W 08723.
r
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or the membership of your service club
Then search, sort, arrange and
analyze your information with speed
and flexibility that's simply astounding.
SpellPack"
teaches your 64 to spell. It checks an entire
document in 2 to 4 minutes against a
dictionary of over 20,000 words. And you
can add up to 5,000 of your own
specialized terms. Type letter perfect every
time!
is a magic box that lets you transform your humble
home computer into a powerful business machine. It
gives you the added power of BASIC 4.0, and lets
you add IEEE disk drives, hard disk, virtually any
parallel printer, and other peripherals without extra
interfaces. Completely software Invisible.
B.L-80 "Column Adaptor
gives you crystal clear 80 column
display. Using the highest quality
hardware, we've eliminated the problems
of snow, fuzziness and Interference.
Basic 4.0 commands greatly simplify
disk drive access. Switches easily from
40 to 80 column display.
Discover the true power of your
Commodore 64 '" . Ask your dealer about
the Commodore 64'" Work Force, from
Batteries Included — the company that
doesn't leave anything out when it comes
to making things simple for you.
INCLUDED
"Excellence in Software " Circle 101 on Reader Service card.
These products have been developed specifically for Commodore computers by Batteries Included and are totally compatible with each other, For a full color brochure write tor
186 Queen Street West, Toronto, Canada MSV 1Z1 (416) 596-1405 / 3303 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA. 92626 (714) 979-0920
64 AND COMMODORE 64 ARE REGISTERED TRADE MARKS OF COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES
Software Gallery
Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
ani-y Budget
5 AC 1853
Karch
•Jlnccme
3
aSalaru 1
^Salary 2
liTotal
^Expend .
^Mortgage
itle<~ric
iiPhone
[Papers
LCond Fee
JCable TV
il: 1475.00 1475.00
Looo.flO 1050.00 1050.00
!525.0O 2525.00 2525.00
249.80 249.00 248.00
175.00 .75.00 166.00
18.00 IB. 00 18.00
7.50 7,50 ?.50
105.80 105.00
?.50 7.50
18.00
?.50
105.00
?.50
Report Card
A— Superb!
An exceptional program that outshines all
others.
B— Very Good.
One of the better programs available in its
cat ego ry. A worthy addition to your soft-
ware library.
C — Good.
Lives up to its billing. No hassles, head-
aches or disappointments here.
I) — Mediocre.
There are some problems with this pro-
gram. There are better on the market.
E— Poor.
Substandard, with many problems.
Should be deep-sixed!
Calc Result
If You Need a Sophisticated
Spreadsheet, Here's One Well
Worth Considering
m
Would you consider a Commo-
dore 64 system (that's complete
with processor, disk drive, software and
display) for business planning? If the
software in question were an easy-to-
use spreadsheet program containing the
most wanted features, perhaps the
answer would be yes.
Calc Result (Handic Software, Inc.,
5090 Central Highway, Suite 7, Penn-
sauken, NJ 08110. $149.95) is, 1 believe,
just such a product. It has some very
impressive features, suitable for sophis-
ticated business applications. The pro-
gram's features include integrated color
graphics, help displays in any of nine
languages, on-line Help function, and
the ability to consolidate information
from up to 32 worksheets into one
report.
Calc Result can also load and save
data in the Data Interchange Format
(DIF). This means that Calc Result data
can be used by programs such as Visi-
Calc that might be running on other
computers in your office, or conversely,
information created by different appli-
cations can be integrated into Caic
Result.
Calc Result requires a Commodore
64, 1541 disk drive (or compatible disk
unit attached through an IEEE-488 in-
terface card), display, and optional
printer.
What Calc Result lacks in very so-
phisticated features, covered later, it
makes up for in simple operation. Part
of the program is contained on a plug-in
cartridge placed into the game/cart-
ridge slot. Calc Result then automati-
cally loads the remaining program ele-
ments from disk into the computer's
main memory (RAM).
When started for the first time, Calc
Result will ask you to select the lan-
guage desired, screen colors and printer
specifications. It will then take you
through the process of making a back-
up of the system disk in case the master
should become damaged. This copy
then becomes the working program
disk, though any number of working
copies can be made from the master.
Any of the specifications, such as color,
can be changed during operation with a
single command.
26 / RUN April 1084
Home Organizer'
Now your home computer can help you cook, keep your accounts, find an address or
keep track of your record and book libraries — with first-class software specially tailored
for the home environment.
The Home Organizer series includes a wide range of separate and individual programs for
different activities like stamp collecting, personal banking, or home photo and movie
collections. Each one is pre-programmed with a "page" format planned out by experts to
make it easy for you to store and retrieve the information you*ll want for your special activity.
You don't have to program anything yourself. Just load the disk and start feeding in your data.
If you're used to run-of-the-mill home computer software, the speed and simplicity of the,.
Home Organizer'" series will surprise you. Each program is written entirely in "machine
language", the most basic computer code. So they search, sort and analyze your data with
amazing speed.
The Home Organizer'" is fast enough to sort through your household belongings in
seconds, yet so simple the children can use it to look up a phone number. Choose any or all
program modules that fit your needs. They make ideal gifts, too!
sm/it
=E*= STAMI-S
BATTERIES *£? INCLUDED
"Excellence in Software
Cuclo 101 on Hoador Borneo can]
for <i lull color brocfyuti- write lo;
Batteries Included, 186 Queen Slreel West, Toronto, Canada M5V 1Z1 (416) 596-1405 1 3303 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA. 92626 (714) 979-0920
COMMODORE 64 IS A REGISTERED TRADE MAItK Or COMMODORE UUH1N1 !,:; MACHINES
Calc Result contains the most used func-
tions and features needed to easily con-
struct and edit a complex worksheet.
How Calc Result
Displays & Handles Data
Just about every spreadsheet uses a
row/column format to create, on the
computer's screen, a representation of a
typical ledger sheet, or worksheet. This
sheet extends beyond the bounds of the
display both horizontally and vertically;
the intersection of the rows and col-
umns creates thousands of "cells"
where values, formulas or descriptive
labels are entered.
Calc Result uses the same form and
then extends it one step further, in effect
creating a three-dimensional work area.
This is done through the concept of
pages. Each Calc Result page is a work-
sheet composed of 63 columns by 254
rows. Up to 32 of these pages can be
created and then consolidated in var-
ious ways.
Two pages are held in memory at
once. You can switch between them by
pressing the Fl function key. The dis-
play can also be split in several ways, al-
lowing segments of both pages to be
viewed simultaneously.
There are limits to how much infor-
mation can be entered into a page or
split between pages. Fifteen-hundred
occupied cells will exhaust available
memory; that's about one full page,
assuming every location is filled. But
even with this restriction, Calc Result's
page size and capacity is at par with
other products, such as VisiCalc.
Using Calc Result
The display is divided into numbered
rows and lettered columns. Above the
horizontal axis are three lines that make
up a status area. This space is used for
displaying command choices, cell con-
tents, cursor position and other relevant
information.
The cursor, or location indicator, is a
reversed bar. It is positioned at any lo-
cation on the page using the cursor di-
rection keys. Values are entered into the
indicated cell by simply typing the de-
sired figure. Labels, or headings, are
specified by first hitting the space bar,
then entering the desired text.
The four function keys are used in
conjunction with single-lettered com-
mands to control all Calc Result opera-
tions. For example, pressing F7 displays
the system (main) command list (B, D,
E, F, G, L, O, P, Q, R) in the status
area, plus a description of what each
function key does. F5 is always assigned
to the Help function. Help displays in-
clude a short explanation of each cur-
rently available command and function.
After typing one of the lettered com-
mands from the main group, another
list will be displayed. Each grouping of
these more specific commands is log-
ically organized into functional areas.
If you've worked with spreadsheets,
becoming accustomed to Calc Result
should be easy because it operates
essentially the same as many other
spreadsheets. To the experienced user,
the only unfamiliar commands might be
Page, which controls bringing pages in-
to memory and manipulating them, and
Graphic, for turning values into a
histogram display.
Calc Result employs prompts to
guide you through many operations.
While there are few error messages, it is
fairly easy to find where you went
WTOng in entering a formula or errone-
ous command.
The documentation is good. The over
100 pages of text contain many color
screen photographs and examples. In
only a few areas did I find myself
searching for more detail and ex-
perimenting to figure out how Calc
Result would handle the situation in
question. Experienced spreadsheet
users will have no trouble using Calc
Result from the start; however, novices
might want to consult some general
texts on spreadsheet concepts to supple-
ment the documentation.
Designing a Worksheet
Calc Result contains the most used
functions and features needed to easily
construct and edit a complex work-
sheet. The only features not included
are those found only in more expensive
spreadsheets, such as protected fields
and the ability to alter individual col-
umn width.
Also, with Calc Result you cannot
combine portions of other sheets into
the displayed page. However, the page
function is used to automatically con-
solidate similar areas of different pages.
Editing commands allow you to copy
or move blocks of information any-
where on the page by simply indicating
the upper left- and lower right-hand
limits of the block and the new location.
Calc Result also contains commands to
insert and delete rows and columns,
replicate values and formulas, plus one
of the easiest line editors I've en-
countered.
Calc Result takes advantage of the
Commodore Screen Editor, allowing
the insert and delete keys to be used in
modifying the contents of any cell. Just
move the cursor to the desired cell, type
F7 to get into the edit mode and use the
normal editing keys to change the cell
contents.
The format command sets left and
right justification, type of display (dol-
lar, integer, etc.) and a unique format,
color. With this you can display the
contents of a cell in any of the 16 text
colors available with the Commodore
64. This can be used to set off totals
from the rest of the sheet or highlight
other important areas.
Since the Graph function displays
each corresponding bar in the same col-
or as set in the cell, you control the
graph colors through the color format
command. For instance, if cell Al were
set to red color format, and you con-
verted it to a graph, the bar representing
the value in Al would also be red. Color
format is a powerful command, some-
thing seldom found even in those spread-
sheets that support a color display.
But the true test of any spreadsheet is
the ease of formula construction and
the range of functions included. Calc
Result scores high in both areas. Nor-
mal functions like SUM, MINimum,
MAXimum, Standard Deviation, and a
complete set of Trig calculations are
provided. To sum a column of figures
in locations C3 through C20 you would
place SUM(C3:C20) in the cell where
the sum should be displayed, and so on.
Another area where Calc Result ex-
cels is logical operators. These functions
are often included in spreadsheets, but
they don't always yield the expected re-
sults. That is not the case here. Consider
the case if the value in B5 is larger than
the contents of F10; then place the value
" 1" in A3 or else the value in B5 will be
placed in position A3. This is easily
28 / RUN April 1984
described by typing this formula in
position A3:
IF(B5>F10)THEN(1)ELSE(B5)
Graphics and Windows
The Graphic and Window features
are aJso worth mentioning in some
detail as they go beyond the norm. A
histogram is produced by placing the
cursor in the desired row or column, se-
lecting the Edit command, and then G
(Graphic). You are then asked whether
to plot the row or column, and prompted
to enter the upper and lower range for
the vertical scale. The values in the spec-
ified row or column are then plotted as
a vertical bar graph.
But the most impressive feat is the
ability to scroll back and forth through
the bars, just as you would move the
cursor on the page. The bars scroll in-
stantly across the screen, without re-
quiring any time for redrawing.
The Calc Result screen may be split
horizontally or vertically, with both
halves scrolling together, or indepen-
dently — an ideal way to compare differ-
ent parts of the same page or portions
of two different pages.
Up to four windows may be set, each
viewing parts of the same page or differ-
ent pages. While you can't move the
cursor out of the last window created,
the effect of changing a value in the
working window will still be reflected in
all the other windows. Split screens are
still allowed in the working window.
Just be aware of the 40-character wide
display since, with four windows, each
might only be able to contain a few rows
or columns.
Priming exactly what's displayed on
the screen is just a matter of pressing the
F7 then F6 function keys. Either
graphics or the actual page will be
reproduced on a Commodore 1515 or
1525 graphic printer. For printing larger
portions of the spreadsheet, a specific
print command is used. This "format-
ted printout" also has a provision for
changing the column width to any size
between 1 and 255 characters, an im-
portant consideration when cells may
contain large amounts of text.
A Parting Look
The Commodore 64 has the potential
for handling sophisticated business ap-
plications. Calc Result proves that.
Constructing sheets and evaluating
models with Calc Result is as straight-
forward as with any other spreadsheet
I've used. There is only a slight delay
caused by recalculation when a value is
revised. This is more noticeable as the
page becomes Silled .
Otherwise, Caic Result is the most
complete spreadsheet currently avail-
able for the Commodore 64. If you
need a sophisticated spreadsheet, this
one is worthy of serious consideration.
Michael Heck
Haricysville, PA
Final Orbit/
Bumper Bash
Space Adventure
And Pinball Action-
All on One Cartridge!
m
Sirius Software has produced a
unique game package for the
VIC-20, with one software cartridge
containing two games. Slide the cart-
ridge into your computer, fire it up, and
you're ushered into the game of Final
Orbit; press the Commodore logo key
on your VIC-20, and instantly the game
switches over to Bumper Bash.
This isn't a bad idea at all! If you get
tired of one game, it's easy to switch
over to the other, and there's no fidget-
ing with cartridges or long stretches of
waiting for the cassette to load some-
thing. Let's look at Final Orbit first,
and then see what Bumper Bash has to
offer.
In Final Orbit, you're defending the
Earth against an onslaught of Mala-
droid fighters and satellites. These space
vehicles are capable of firing bright
missiles, and each hit that you sustain
weakens either your own, or Earth's,
energy levels. You must fight back and
destroy the Maladroid fighters and
satellites by blasting the evil characters
with your laser gun. Adding to the
challenge is that your only defense
against the Maladroid laser rays is re-
treat; you must dart in and destroy
some ships, then beat it before one of
their own blasts comes your way.
The view before you is from the front
window of your spacecraft. A dark re-
gion of space is peppered by stars in the
background. The various Maladroid
forces leap into view. Since your ship is
in orbit around the planet Earth, you
may see its surface at the very bottom of
your screen. As you advance forward,
its various features whiz by you; when
you retreat, they shoot by in the oppo-
site direction, in sum, your window al-
lows you to see a good portion of outer
space in front with features of our globe
sliding by at the very bottom.
Although you can see a substantial
amount of space from your front win-
RUN April 1984 / 29
Your screen comes alive with motion and color.
This is as close to true arcade action as the
VIC-20 will ever come!
dow, there still exist portions that are
out of range and may be harboring
Maladroid forces. To aid you, a radar is
available at the top of your video
screen. A good pilot will glance back
and forth from the radar view to the ac-
tual view, thus defending himself
against surprise attacks.
The energy level of both the Earth
and your spacecraft is monitored at the
bottom of the screen by the Game Sta-
tus Bar. When this indicator is green,
everything is OK, but if it turns yellow,
your own destroyer's energy level is
dropping. If it turns red, the Earth's
energy level is critical. To restore the
flagging energy levels, you must find
and follow a Maladroid fighter that is
returning to its mothership. As soon as
the mothership is visible, blast it, and
your energy reserves are brought back
up again. Fighters that are returning to
their motherships show up on the screen
with a white bar across their tails. By the
way, following a fighter to its mother-
ship is no easy feat; it doesn't always
take the straightest path home!
In terms of graphics and sound, this
game wins any competition hands
down. All of the perspectives and 3-D
graphics are handled very well and with
very high resolution. For example, the
picture of the Earth's surface rushing by
is exquisite; likewise, Maladroid fight-
ers making a hasty retreat to their moth-
ership is outstanding. The radar screen,
laser blaster arms, crosshairs and all of
the other niceties add up to create a very
realistic image of outer space. Your
VIC-20 monitor screen truly comes
alive with much simultaneous motion
and color— a real treat for sci-fi en-
thusiasts. In my opinion, this is as close
to true arcade action as the VIC-20 will
ever come!
The sound is manipulated quite well
too, with a multitude of effects carrying
on simultaneously. Warning sirens,
laser blasts, explosions and general
spaceship noises create quite a ca-
cophony!
So, I give this game an excellent rat-
ing when it comes to graphics, anima-
tion and sound. Unfortunately, I can't
be so generous when it comes to strategy
and game play. The concept is dreary;
blast the aliens before they blast you.
How many games of this nature are we
willing to endure? And worst of all,
unlike some games that reward you with
extra men, new rooms to conquer or
other secret treasure, your only booty in
this game is points. It's true that the
graphics displaying your score are quite
fabulous, but still, they're only points!
It may well be that younger VIC-20
users will find Final Orbit a treat, since
they may not be all that interested in
strategy, rewards or tricky game play. I
suspect that youngsters will be intrigued
by the animation, but old pros will grow
weary of the "shoot-em-up" nature of
the game.
Bumper Bash, the other game avail-
able on this cartridge, has the same
good and bad points. As the name im-
plies, this is a pin ball game and the
graphics arc stupendous. The ball
bounces around the various bumpers,
flippers and paddles in a delightful way.
As it takes on English and changes
speed, you could swear you were look-
ing at the real thing! But perhaps most
astounding is the multitude of sounds
this game generates. Bumper Bash
really pushes the VIC-20 to its synthe-
sizing limits!
Unfortunately, this game suffers
from the same problems as Final Orbit.
Although the animation is a cut above
any other game on the market, the game
play is sufficiently routine to lead to
boredom. Again, the only reward is
points, and there are no surprises to
spice up the action. Hardcore pinball
players may see something here that I
don't, but after a day's worth of games,
I decided I had played enough pinball
for one lifetime. But if a friend ever asks
me if a computer can simulate real-life
phenomena, I'll be sure to pull this cart-
ridge out and show him the most real-
istic application of the laws of physics
I've ever seen. If that same friends asks
to play a game, though, I'll put it away
and pull out something more satisfying!
Since this cartridge contains two
games, it's only fair to rate the entire
package all at once. Each game has ex-
citing graphics, sound and animation
and each is rather dull after one night of
play. But the mere fact that the cart-
ridge contains two games raises the final
rating somewhat; if you get tired of one
you can switch to the other. In general,
this should be enough to make the cart-
ridge suitable for younger gamesters,
but not quite enough to satisfy old pros.
(Skim Software, Inc., 10364 Rocking-
ham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827.
$39.95.)
Thomas Henry
Mankato, MN
Insta-Writer
The First-Time User
Will Become an "Insta" Beeper
With This <X»4 Word Processor
fc"
This review of the Insta-Writer
word processor for the C-64 is
based on the cartridge version of Insta-
Writer.
The instruction manual is well
printed, and includes a "tutorial," or
step-by-step example, to get you going.
As you follow the instructions in this
tutorial, don't worry about any confus-
ing references; they are explained more
completely later.
Picking Nits
Now, at the risk of being accused of
nit-picking, I must mention something
which so confused me I had to call the
manufacturer to clear it up. The tutorial
frequently refers to the Quick Reference
Cards. 1 searched everywhere for these
reference cards. Don't think they've
been left out of your package, because
there simply aren't any.
Page 13 of the manual is titled Insta-
Writer Quick Reference Cards. I suspect
that once-upon-a-time there actually
were some cards for quick reference,
but they were incorporated into the
manual. {Now, for only $10 more, you
can send for a disk or cassette with a
Help screen, which will provide quick
reference for the commands explained
in the manual — information that
should have been included in the pro-
gram initially.)
A final note about the instructions.
The index in the manual is inadequate.
The user would have been better served
if the designer had used the two lined
30 / RUN April 1984
Or Is It Real?
PLAYERS HAVE: /
• Tactical and Strategic Air l>6wer /
Tactical and Nuclear Forces ~j~
Continuous Battlefield Status and News Service
Updates /
• Multiple Combat Units, Including: Infantry, Meehan-
teed Armor and Attack Helicopter*— 4—
MicroProse Software
\ Circle 6B on Reader Service icara.
DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
.giitrfed trArirm.ifk ol AMnrl. I
10616 Beaver Dam Rd., Hunt Valley, MD 21030
(301) 667-1151
Ini. I Commodore M h Iho resumed tr»demirti or Commodore Builnew MKhinei. Inc.
HIM PC It ihe registered Itedemirk ol kilernilionjl Business Machines. Inc.
pages in the back for a more complete
listing of commands.
Features
The program itself is quite simple to
learn and to operate. Unfortunately,
part of its simplicity is due to the ex-
treme limitations of its range of func-
tions. You can reset the margins and
tabs easily, center your lines and, given
the proper interface, underline words.
Unfortunately, you can't make many
more adjustments. The page length is
pre-set for 62 lines with a self-serving
explanation about how American this
length is, and how "62 lines work
great."
Well, if you print a page that is only
51 lines long, or double-space, which
leaves you only 25 lines per page, your
printer will reach the end of the text and
advance the paper up and out like some
mad machine from a silent movie com-
edy. I fear that the rigid page length of
Insta- Writer is a major mistake in pro-
gram design.
A word about the word wrap. The
line length is pre-set to 75 characters,
which restricts the word wrapping fea-
ture to every other line (apparently a
common fault in word processing pro-
grams for Commodore 64s.
To set the screen so the word wrap
works on every line, reset the margins to
38 characters, type in your text, do your
editing, then go back to the lop and re-
set the margins to the length you want
the printed lines to be. It's a little awk-
ward, but it works. It doesn't, however,
help the hyphenation problems caused
by this system.
You may not believe this, but my sec-
ond printer, which prints only 24 col-
umns across, works fine with the Insta-
Writer. I don't know why anyone
would want a document only 24 col-
umns wide— that's the width of the add-
ing machine paper my printer uses —
but for any of you out there who do, it's
possible.
The Inst a- Writer program is line- or
screen-oriented (rather than word),
which means that you have to think in
terms of lines per screen, and pages of
text. Given the average page length (for-
get their 62 lines per page) and average
number of words per page (about 500),
this limits the text to about 2000 words
before it all has to be printed or saved
on disk or cassette.
I found annoying the fact that you
have to watch where you are on every
page. If you get carried away and type
too many lines, it takes ail kinds of jug-
gling to get the extra text moved to an-
other page, especially if you have filled
up the other three pages before making
the mistake. For a writer, this becomes
a serious interruption to the creative
flow.
Evaluation
Inst a- Writer is not a bad word pro-
cessing program, but for about $50, it
does what you might expect from a pro-
gram costing half that much. You don't
have access to the ASCII code, which
means you cannot send specific instruc-
tions to your printer, as is possible with
more sophisticated processor programs.
For instance, I cannot underline any-
thing using my electric typewriter and
Insta-Writer (or even my crazy little
two-inch dot-matrix printer).
When I opened the review package, I
guess I was hoping for something spe-
cial. I didn't get it.
I get the feeling that some program-
mers still think the Commodore 64 is a
toy, and that the user will not ask the
word processing program to do much
of anything except print simple docu-
ments. These programmers are wrong,
and I suggest that any potential buyer of
a word processor check carefully to see
exactly how sophisticated the program
really is. (Cimarron Corp., 2185 South
Hathaway St., Santa Ana, CA 92705.
$51.95.)
G. Scott Wright
Albany, NY
Victory Casino
The V1C-20 Gambler
Tests His Luck
In These Games of Chance
Gamblers who beat the odds win no
fortunes in Victory Casino. No
chips. No gold. Not even paper money.
However, if you were bom with a
gambler's heart, you will find plenty of
action on this VIC-20 cassette.
In the casino's high-tension palace,
Lady Luck exists in the guise of the
VIC-20 computer. Her kingdom resides
in three games of chance: even-odd, dice,
and high numbers. You receive one
thousand dollars at the start of each
game.
In even-odd, you perform an easy
guessing game with your computer.
Your artificial thinker must predict
whether or not odd or even (*'o" and
"e," respectively, on the keyboard) is
chosen, during the course of five minutes
of play. Letters appear, one at a time, in
three vertical columns on the screen, in
response to your typed-in choices. If the
program guesses your selections over
50% of the time, you lose one hundred
dollars. If it doesn't, you win one hun-
dred dollars. An asterisk materializes
next to each correct guess, each time
one is made.
For dice freaks, it costs twenty-five
dollars of your total dough to begin a
game of dice. Your challenge is to decide
whether or not to keep rolling dice. If a
32 / RUN April 1U84
roll matches the first roll, you lose
money. If you stop ahead of the game,
you win money. The more successful
(non-matching) rolls you dare, the more
you will win. You must press y (yes) or n
The computer seems
to outwit you too often.
Is it. . .cheating?
(no) on the keyboard, in order to con-
tinue rolling or to stop. If you stop im-
mediately at the end of one or two rolls,
your money's lost. Actual scenes depic-
ting dice throws do not appear on the
screen. Outcomes of imaginary losses
are printed in front of you.
In the game of high numbers, the
program randomly selects ten numbers,
each one between 100 and 999, and lists
them separately. Your goal is to pick the
highest one of them all. When each
number is printed, you do one of three
things: I) double your bet (your initial
bet is one dollar); 2) skip to the next
number; or 3) place a bet on that par-
ticular number, as the highest one.
When a wrong, or winning, number is
chosen, all numbers are immediately
listed (with an arrow printed beside the
highest number). Correct choices earn
the total amount of money risked. Nat-
urally, wrong guesses lose the money
placed.
If you like games of luck, Victory Ca-
sino is for you. No graphics, per se, ex-
ist; each game consists of printed letters
and numbers on the screen. Initial di-
rections for each one are clear and easy-
to-follow. The computer constantly
keeps you informed of the amount of
money won or lost.
In even-odd, the computer seems to
outwit you— too often! Is it...
cheating? Either that, or your computer
actually calculates your guesses, in an
overall pattern, based on prior moves.
If you keep pressing "e," for instance,
it will start guessing "e" most of the
time. If you make guesses in rapid suc-
cession, a form of "cheating" oc-
curs—the computer always wins. Avoid
this snag by pausing each time.
All three games offer a gambler's
high. No real money is at stake. Just
fun. (Victory Software Corp., 7 Valley
Brook Road, Paoli, PA 19301. $19.95.)
John DiPrete
( r.tn sit i ii, RI
1
i
\
Educational Software That Works
Grades 1 through 6
2 disks $49.95
Grades 4 through 12
2 disks $49.95
High School, College,
and Adult Students
2 disks $69.95
We believe that children have an innate
curiosity ... a natural desire to learn, to
discover, to understand. Our software was
designed with this in mind. Even
traditionally tedious subjects like math,
reading, and vocabulary building are easily
mastered. Why? Because our software
makes children want to learn. And when
they want to learn, the results are
FANTASTIC!
We know our software WORKS because we
developed and tested it in the classroom.
Let our software WORK for your children
too!
For Apple, IBM PC, and Commodore 64.*
Ask your dealer.
davidsoi^associates
6069 Groveoak Place #12
Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274
Circle 31 on Reader Service card.
MasterCard and Visa cardholders may call collect to order:
(213) 378-7826 I (213) 378-3995
'Apfjifi. IBM, and Commodore* 64 arc? triidtrmarKs oi Apple Computer, Inc., Interna-
tional Business Machines Corp . and Commodore Business Machines. Inc.
respectively.
RUN April 1984 / 33
The Mail RUN
Word Processing 1
In your article, "C-64 Word Pro-
cessing Demystified!" (RUN, January
1984), five of the word processors indi-
cate in the chart on pp, 74-75 that they
do footnotes, and one claims not to do
them automatically.
Of the five that claim to do foot-
notes, I have used four of them. The
only one that does true floating foot-
notes automatically is TOTL.TEXT
2.6. It's possible to do footnotes with
almost any word processor, but only if
the user places them in the correct loca-
tion.
I've also found there's a good deal of
confusion about what is a footnote and
what is a footer. Many people incorrect-
ly think they are the same thing.
Larry Woolard
Lincoln, IL
' Thanks for sharing your discovery
wish us. To eliminate any further confu-
sion among our readers, Webster's
Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary tells
us that a footer is an archaic term for
pedestrian.
Editors
An Early Addition
When I typed Symbol Code (RUN,
January 1984) as listed, neither the sym-
bols nor the pointer on the right side of
the screen displayed; characters, but not
color were Poked into the memory. The
following additions solve this problem.
204 GOSUB 1400
1400 LO = 55401
1401 ]-ORXl=0TO22
1408 LO = LO + 40
1410 NEXT XI
1412 RETURN
1402 FORX2 = 0TO13
1404 POKE LO + X2.0
1406 NEXT X2
Thomas McAlpine
Madison, WI
You probably have an early model of
the Commodore, which uses a different
background color. For an even shorter
version of your helpful correction, enter
this one line:
204 FOR QW = 55296 TO 563l9:POKE QW',0:
NEXT QW
Editors
Expand on VIC
I wish to compliment your entire staff
on an excellent magazine. VIC-20 and
C-64 users have been waiting for this
type of publication.
1 suggest that RUN occasionally in-
clude programs meant to run on ex-
panded VIC-20s. A high percentage of
VIC users have expansion modules up
to 8K, and the apparent lack of soft-
ware for the expanded VIC is somewhat
frustrating.
John Brant hoover
Oxnard, CA
I have read your premiere issue from
cover to cover about two dozen times in
the month that I've had it. Your initial
effort is everything and more than your
promo promised.
I would like to see an article on vari-
ous expander cards for the VIC-20. It's
a hassle to turn off the system every
time 1 want to change a cartridge.
An article on the 40/80 column cards
would be helpful since I'd like to get a
monitor and expand to the word pro-
cessor and database areas. 1 realize
there may be better machines for such
operations, but I love my VIC-20.
Terry Lampe
Virginia Beach, VA
What's Commitment?
As new Commodore 64 owners, we
recently purchased RUN from a local
store, and, we liked it so much that we
sent in a check for a three-year subscrip-
tion.
We look forward to many more pro-
grams like the Canyons of Zelaz, which
has amused all of us.
Mr, and Mrs. George Hoffmann
Rochester, NY
For Your Eyes Only
I just happened to pass a local news-
stand, and RUN caught my eye. I'm
glad it did. 1 just sent in the subscription
card.
1 enjoy game programs, but I'd most
like to see utility and tutorial programs.
Nicholas Castoriu
Brooklyn, NY
For the Birds
I want to use my C-64 for my hobbies
of family genealogy and birding. Are
any of you RUN readers birders, who
have put your bird lists on your com-
puters (e.g., life list, yearly list, state
lists, etc.)?
Also, do any of you know of lists
containing world or North American
birds that have been uniquely num-
bered, which might then serve as ID
numbers for a record? I'd like to hear
from other birders.
Marscha Chenowcth
655 W. Irving Park 2716
Chicago, IL 60613
Ups and Downs
I would prefer listings to be printed
vertically on a page; it's much easier to
type the programs from the magazine.
John Aloi
Ridgway, PA
// is not RUN's policy to publish list-
ings horizontally, but occasionally, due
to space limitations, we must.
Editors
A Monthly Affair
1 own a VIC-20 and have a subscrip-
tion to RUN—l love it and am sure it
will be most popular with Commodore
owners al! over.
Please keep up the great work, be-
cause I really look forward to receiving
RUN each month.
Bill Moffatt
Bartow, FL
A Godsend
Why haven't you adopted the meth-
od of using a checksum proofreader?
They are a godsend to copyists and
make the successful running of a pro-
gram nearly foolproof.
Dan E. Yoder
St. Petersburg, FL
We're in the process of developing
such a system, which we plan to imple-
ment within the next few months.
Editors
34 / RUN April 1984
THESE COULD BE THE
KEYS TO YOUR FUTURE
Unlock all the potential of your
Commodore 64 and VIC-20* with
RUN.
Explore. . .Experiment. . .Enjoy. . .
Beginner and expert alike will be
taken beyond the manual to the limits
of their abilities. Enter your own game
programs. Construct a simple hardware
add-on. Broaden your scope with unique
applications. . .And. . .get a 13th issue
FREE!
Enjoy key features like these:
• Games for fun & strategy.
• Programming tips help you learn short cuts.
• Candid reviews help you make money-saving
decisions.
• Programs to add to your library.
• Instructions & tutorials to increase your skills.
• Hardware & software modifications help your
machine work smart.
• Unique applications broaden your scope.
Here's a system-specific magazine written with
you in mind. Written by and for the reader to give
time-saving, money-saving hints. You'll get instruc-
tions and tutorials to increase your skills, and candid
reviews to help you make the right decisions. Most
of all though, you'll have fun.
'Commodore 64 and VIC-20 ate registered trademarks of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
Commodore 64 and VIC-20
owners are one of the largest
groups of computerists today.
Enjoy the benefits of this with
your own magazine. Be in con-
trol like never before. Order
RUN today and get a 13th
issue free with your prepaid
order (check or credit card)
of only $19.97. Send in the
coupon or call toll free
1-800-258-5473. In N.H. call
1 -924-94 71.
Send me a subscription to RUN for the regular sub-
scription price of only $19.97 per year. I understand
that with payment enclosed or credit card order I will
receive a FREE issue making a total of 13 issues for
$19.97.
D CHECK/MO O MC □ AS D VISA D BILL ME
card#_
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bank- Fortign airmail, pltwt inquire. Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery
RUN • Box 954 • Farmingdale, NY 11737
344F3J
RUN April IU84 / 35
Video Casino
By David Busch
Unlike craps, you lose when you roll
your point in this nerve-wracking game that makes use of
random numbers. For the VIC-20 and C-64.
This month, by putting together a lit-
tle game that is the opposite of craps
(that is, you try to avoid rolling your
point), we'll discover how the VIC-20
and Commodore 64 choose random
numbers.
In Nerves, you and your opponent
try to amass 500 points. At each turn,
you roll a point, and then continue to
roll as many times as you dare. The
number of each roll is added to a jack-
pot. If, however, you roll your initial
point again, the amount of points in the
jackpot is subtracted from your score!
You may continue to roll, or stop at
any point and collect the jackpot. Stop-
ping too soon (because of lack of nerve)
means that a swollen jackpot isn't har-
vested.
The action can get very nerve-
wracking. You have 400 points, your
opponent, 480. The jackpot is 90
points. Should you roll again, and pos-
sibly get enough points to go over 500
and win? Or should you collect the 90
points and hope your opponent does
not collect 20 on the next turn? One bad
roll will mean that 90 points are sub-
tracted, leaving you with 310, and an
almost sure loss. You get the idea.
Nerves is an easy game to learn, be-
cause the odds are very similar to those
in craps. Rolling a 12 or 2 as a point is a
freeway to a large jackpot. Odds are
that you can amass 100 or 200 points
(maybe more) before your initial num-
ber turns up again. As points approach
the middle numbers, more caution is
advised. The game is especially exciting,
because there is really no reason why a
12 can't be rolled three times in a row. It
happens; it's just against the odds.
Operation of the program is simple.
A "roll dice" routine is accessed as
needed. The first roll is stored in
variable FR, and any time a subsequent
roll equals FR, the program branches to
the "you lose!" routine, and subtracts
the jackpot amount, TT, from your
cash. These cash values are stored in a
two-element array, Cash(I) and Cash(2),
with the appropriate subscript deter-
mined by whether variable Player equals
1 or 2.
TT is increased by the amount of each
roll, until you finally claim the pot, or
until your point is rolled, and TT is sub-
tracted from your winnings. When a turn
ends, the program checks lines 580-600
to see if Player equals 1 or 2, and sets its
value to the opposite. Each turn, a
check is made to see if either you or
your opponent has more than 500
points. If so, the program branches to a
routine that announces the winner.
Random RoUs
This program introduces the concept
of RND, the choice of a random num-
ber by the computer. When the VIC-20
and Commodore 64 encounter the
statement RND(l), they will choose a
number larger than zero, but smaller
RUN It Right
VIC-20 or C-64
Address author correspondence to
David D. Busch, 5217-C Clirte Road,
Kent, OH 44240.
LINE
36 / RUN April 1984
than one. This might be .562391,
.29171, or some other decimal fraction.
However, to simulate dice, we want
whole numbers in the range 1-6. To
produce these, you multiply by the
largest whole number you want and add
one. For example, RND(1)*6 will pro-
duce real numbers larger than zero but
less than 6. Adding one to any of these
will give you random numbers between
1-plus and 6-plus. Taking the integer
portion of the number gives you whole
numbers in the desired 1-6 range.
Are the numbers truly random?
Strictly speaking, no, because the com-
puter uses a fixed formula (algorithm,
in computer-talk) to arrive at a series of
numbers that are called pseudo-random.
This series is very long, and the com-
puter generally starts at a different place
in the sequence each time, so you rarely
find the numbers repeating.
You advanced programmers will
Are the numbers
truly random?
Strictly speaking, no.
But you 'll rarely find
the numbers repeating.
want to know that the number that the
RND statement works on (the argument)
affects the starting point of the se-
quence. This is called the seed. RND(O)
will generate a random number that re-
lates to the VIC-20's and C-64's built-in
clock. This clock begins counting, in
l/60th-second intervals, from the time
the computer is first powered on.
If the argument is less than zero
(RND(- 1), for example), the random
number sequence is automatically re-
seeded. Arguments greater than zero, as
in RND(l), will produce the same ran-
dom number sequence for any given
random number seed.
The differences actually have little ef-
fect in short programs like this one. Key
in the following short program and see
what happens.
10 INPUT "ENTER ARGUMENT :";X
20 R = RND(X)
30 PRINT R;
40 GETAS:1F A$ = ""GOTO40
50 GOTO 20
Run it a few times, entering different
values for X, and watch the sequences.
Press any key to see the next random
number. Between runs, hit the run/stop
plus restore keys to ensure that the com-
puter is fully reset, U
Listing 1. The Nerves program for the VIC-20.
10 HEM **********
20 REM *
*
30 REM * NERVES
*
40 REM *
*
50 REM **********
60 PRINT" (SHFT CLR){2 CRSR DNs}"
70 PRINT"ENTER NAME OF PLAYER 1"
80 INPUT PLAYER$(1 )
90 PRINT"ENTER NAME OF PLAYER 2"
100
INPUT PLAYER$(2)
110
PRINT" (SHFT
CLR}{2 CRSR DNs}"
120
PRINTTAB (8)
'{CTRL 9} (CTRL 3 1NERVES (CTRL OJtCTRL
7}{
2 CRSR DNs)"
130
PRINTTAB(2)
'TRY TO REACH 500"
140
PRINTTAB(2)
'POINTS BEFORE"
150
PRINTTAB(2)
'YOUR OPPONENT."
160
PRINTTAB ( 2 )
'ROLL DICE UNTIL YOU"
170
PRINTTAB(2)
"MAKE POINT AND LOSE"
180
PRINTTAB(2)
'OR QUIT AND COLLECT!"
190
PRINT" (CRSR
DN}"
200
PRINTTAB ( 6 )
'(CTRL 9) (CTRL 6) HIT ANY KEY (CTRL 7)
11
210
GET A$:IF A$="" GOTO 210
220
PLAYER =1
230
OP = 2
240
CASH(1 )=200
250
CASH<2)=200
260
GOTO 290
270
ROLL=INT(RND(1 >*6 }+INT( RND( 1 )*6>+2
280
RETURN
290
PRINT" (SHFT
CLR}(2 CRSR DNs}"
300
PRINTTAB! 2)
'(CTRL 9} {CTRL 6} " ; PLAYERS (PLAYER ); "
(CTR
L 7) (CTRL
0) IS UP. (2 CRSR DNs)"
310
GOSUB 270
320
FR=ROLL
330
GOSUB 270
340
IF FR=ROLL
30TO 330
350
GOTO 400
360
PRINT" (SHFT
CLR}(2 CRSR DNs)"
370
GOSUB 270
380
PRINTTAB{2)
'{CTRL 9) {CTRL 6 }"; PLAYERS ( PLAYER ); "
(CTR
L 7 H CTRL
D) IS UP. (2 CRSR DNs}"
390
IF FR=ROLL
jOTO 620
400
IF CASH(1)>500 OR CASH(2)>500 GOTO 720
410
PRINTTAB<2)
'FIRST ROLL:";FR
420
PRINT" (CRSR
DN}"
430
PRINTTAB<2)
'NEXT ROLL:";ROLL
440
PRINT" (CRSR
DN1"
450
TT=TT+ROLL
460
PRINTTAB{2)
'YOUR TOTAL:" ;CASH( PLAYER)
470
PRINT" {CRSR
DN}"
480
PRINTTAB(2)
'POT:"jTT
490
PRINT" (CRSR
DN}"
500
PRINTTAB<2)
;"OPP. PTS.:";CASH(OP)
510
PRINT" (CRSR
DN}"
520
PRINTTAB(6)
"(CTRL 9} (CTRL 3) ROLL AGAIN? (CTRL 7)
II
530
GET AN$:IF
\N$="" GOTO 530
540
IF AN$="N"
70
IF AN$="Y"
rHEN CASH ( PLAYER )=CASH( PLAYER >+TT: GOTO 5
550
rHEN FOR N=1 TO 100: NEXT N:GOTO 360
560
GOTO 530
570
TT=0
580
IF PLAYER=1
THENPLAYER=2:OP=1 : GOTO 290
5 90
OP=2
600
PLAYER=1
610
GOTO 290
620
PRINT" (SHFT
CLRH2 CRSR DNS}"
630
PRINTTAB(2>
'YOU LOSE!"
640
PRINTTAB(2)
'YOU HAVE" ;
650
CASH ( PLAYER ) =CASH ( PLAYER ) -TT
660
PRINT CASH (PLAYER)
670
PRINT" (CRSR
DN}";TAB(6)"{CTRL 9} {CTRL 6} HIT ANY
KEY
(CTRL 7)"
{Mw ^
RUN April 1984 / 37
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Compu< er
IMn;
MraCalc
The Creative Music System
MAKE MUSIC PLAY
On Your Commodore 64 "
Put the MuSlCalc * diskette into your
Commodore 64. Sit down. And brace
yourself.
You're about to discover an entirely
new way to make music. With Musi-
Calc, the creative music system that
makes music play. Almost instantly, the
whole family will be able to create
and perform all kinds of music. From
rock 'n roll to technopop, from classical
to country western.
MusiCalc makes musk more fun,
more rewarding and easier than it's
ever been before.
NOTEWORTHY SOFTWARE
MusiCalc software rums your
Commodore 64 computer with disk
drive into a sophisticated musical
instrument. And it rums you into a
composer, performer and conductor.
MusiCalc l's Synthesizer & Sequen-
cer is the heart of the system. With it
you can use your
computer key-
board to program
the tempo, key
and style of music you want, and also
to play your favorite tune. The com-
puter screen will show you what the
music's doing as you play and how to
control it.
Start by selecting one of MusiCalc's
preset scores. Try combining that with
a preset sound you like. Choose the
scale you want to play in— anything
from jazz to Japanese.
Presto! You've got music.
Exercise your musical creativity by
putting the three voices together any
way you want, and playing whichever
parts you'd like. Make changes and
add special flourishes to create your
own compositions.
Even a musical novice will sound
good right away. And the greater your
musical talent, the more challenging
and exciting MusiCalc becomes.
BACH TO BASICS
Although simple to leam, MusiCalc
was designed to meet the needs of pro-
fessional musicians.
In fact, it delivers the quality and
capabilities professionals have spent
thousands of dollars for— up until now.
Once you have the Commodore 64
computer and disk drive, you can get
started for under $100 with the Musi-
Calc 1 Synthesizer & Sequencer.
This is a standalone software
program you'll never outgrow. And
with the variety of other MusiCalc
products currently available, plus the
many more items Waveform will be
introducing in the months ahead, you
can expand your music system along
with your interest and ability.
THE MUSICALC SYSTEM
MusiCalc includes a full line of soft-
ware that brings great music as close
as the keypad of your Commodore 64.
MUSICALC 1, Synthesizer &
Sequencer Turns the Commodore 64
into a sophisticated musical instru-
ment—a three-voice synthesizer and
fully-interactive step
sequencer. Play along with
a song or write your own.
Develop your own instru-
ment sounds. And record
the music you create.
MUSICALC 2, ScoreWriter Works
with the Synthesizer & Sequencer
to change your musical improvisations
into musical notation. With the addi-
tion of an optional
graphics
printer
you can turn your own original
compositions into sheet music.
MUSICALC 3, Keyboard Maker
Enables you to create your own custom
musical keyboards. Comes with over
30 preset keyboard scales from around
the world— everything from classical
to rock.
MUSICALC TEMPLATE 1 African
and Latin Rhythms Add this to the
MusiCalc I system and it provides
additional musical scores and patches
you can play along with or use to
develop your own compositions.
MUSICALC TEMPLATE 2, New
Wave and Rock Works like Template I
and features the latest Tcchnopop scores
and sounds.
MUSICALC
PROFESSIONAL SYSTEM
The MusiCalc Synthesizer &
, Sequencer, ScoreWriter,
and Keyboard Maker, plus
the two Templates, in one
cost-saving package.
HIT DISKS Recordings to
play on your computer.
Original Technopop com-
positions, current hits and
old standards performed by
the Waveform Band. Ask
your dealer about current
releases.
COLORTONE KEYBOARD AND
MUSICALC 4 A totally new concept in
keyboards, ideal for everyone from
novice to professional. A professional
quality keyboard that's remarkably
easy to learn how to use. The keyboard
comes with a special interface that
allows it to work with MusiCalc 1,
enabling you to play music on the
keyboard and record it on disk to play
back or print out later. Add MusiCalc 4
and play any scale in any key, for even
greater musical capability. Available
soon.
DEMO DISK An entertaining and
informative demonstration of the capa-
bilities, features and uses of the entire
MusiCalc System,
MAKE MUSIC PLAY
MusiCalc will make music come
alive for the entire family. It's a fun and
educational way to introduce your
children to music and computers. And
no matter what your background, you'll
find yourself playing and understanding
music in an exciting new way.
Ask your computer or music dealer
about MusiCalc. Or send in the
attached coupon and $5 for the
MusiCalc Demo Disk. Discover
MusiCalc, the creative music svstem.
CORPGRAT I, O N
MUSIC PRODUCTS DIVISION
MAKING MUSIC PLAY
1912 Bonita Way, Berkeley, CA 94704
(415) 8.11-9866
Circle S3 on Reader Service card-
<$T^
By Tom Benford
Tune Up
Your Commodore
In addition to all the games, complex calculations and
practical applications your Commodore computer can do
for you, it is also capable of producing music. And it gives
you not just "rinky-dink" notes like those of a cheap toy
piano, but everything from rich, mellow tones reminiscent
of a cathedral organ to "funky" sounds or enough distor-
tion for even the most avid new wave or heavy metal affi-
cionado.
And what sound effects machines they are! Through the
marvels of the silicon chip and interactive electronic circuit-
ry, your VIC-20 or C-64 can synthesize virtually any sound
you've ever heard.
But what actually produces the sounds inside the com-
puter? An electronic circuit known as a tone generator does
all the work. The VIC-20 has four tone generators, capable
of a five-octave range. Three of them are used for music
synthesis, and the other one produces "white noise,"
White noise is useful in producing sound effects, but can
also be combined with musical tones to alter the way they
sound. If you're wondering what white noise sounds like,
just listen to the sound coming from your TV set after the
station has gone off the air for the night and the screen is
full of "snow." That's white noise.
Tone generators are also referred to as voices, since their
output can be combined in harmony, much like the voices
in a choir. So, in effect, your VIC can create four distinct
sounds at once by utilizing all four tone generators. For ex-
ample, the first three voices might combine into a chord,
while the fourth voice (the white noise generator) produces
a clicking sound, like a finger-snap or metronome.
The Amazing SID
The Commodore 64 utilizes a special chip, the SID,
which stands for sound interface device. The SID is re-
Address author correspondence to Tom Benford, 520 Hav-
ens Cove Road, Bricktown, NJ 08723.
42 / RUN April 1984
For the Sounds of Your Life
markablc, for this one chip is an entire three-voice elec-
tronic music synthesizer and sound effects generator, all on
a single piece of silicon.
When you consider that the SID chip contains three in-
dependent digital tone oscillators (with four waveforms per
oscillator), three amplitude modulators, three envelope
generators with exponential response, oscillator synchroni-
zation, ring modulation, programmable filter, master
volume control, a random number modulation generator,
two analog/digital interfaces and an external audio input,
and packs all of this onto a sliver of reconstituted sand, it
seems just short of incredible. But that's what the SID chip
does — and well.
If some of the terms used in describing the features of the
64' s SID chip sound like an alien language to you, relax.
I've included a glossary that explains what's what in the
world of electronic music synthesis for those of you who
want to learn all the "techie'* terms, but I'll try to keep this
article in everyday English as much as possible.
You gain access to the tone generators and control them
by Poking various memory locations that turn on the voice,
control its volume and in general determine what it will
sound like. Both the VIC and C-64 user's manuals contain
helpful sections on producing sound and music, and their
respective programmer's reference guides further explore
the subject. Also included in the manuals are the memory
maps for each machine, including the locations of the
sound registers.
So now you have a little background on how your VIC
or C-64 produces sound. If you use a Commodore Super
Expander cartridge with your machine, sound synthesis is
considerably easier, since many of the sound commands
are preprogrammed. By using a Super Expander and de-
voting a lot of time, you can become a Rachmaninoff of
Photo-montage by Martin Pout.
Product photos by Liz Benford.
RUN April 1084 / 43
t h e
computer
keyboard.
But if you're
impatient and would
like to produce some
sweet sounds in a hurry,
then read on. We're going to
examine some of the products that
can turn your VIC or 64 into an in-
credible melody machine, a sound ef-
fects factory, or even a talking entity.
Would you believe that your VIC or 64
can even sing to you?
$>>
#v
*<\*e
VIC-20 MUSIC
SYNTHESIS
VIC Music Composer
First let's take a look at the VIC
Music Composer from Thorn EMI.
This ROM cartridge program is ready
to use when you turn on your VIC, and
it allows you to play as many as three
voices at one time, although you must
enter each one individually.
The main menu asks if you wish to
compose, play, save or load a musical
composition. Then you must choose the
voice as well as the key and time signa-
ture. You enter notes one at a time on
the musical staff video display by using
the cursor control keys. You also enter
rests in this manner. Sharps and flats
may be added to the placed notes, and
you create bar lines to separate mea-
sures by hitting the B key.
In the compose and play modes, only
one voice will be represented on the
scrolling staff, although you may be
hearing two or three. Also, the tones of
the voices are set to a reed organ sound,
44 / RUN April 1984
and
can't be
modified.
These are the
only two areas where
I found the VIC Mu-
sic Composer wanting.
An important function of
the program is saving your com-
positions to tape or disk. You can
store a partially completed piece and
call it back later to finish or modify it.
The program also allows you to store
completed compositions so you may re-
play them anytime you wish.
The VIC Music Composer is very
easy to use and lets you produce nice
threc-part-harmony compositions with-
out any prior knowledge of music. The
documentation booklet is thorough, yet
concise and easy to understand. It's a
good music program for computer mu-
sicians of all ages.
Fun With Music
Epyx Computer Software brings you
Fun With Music for the VIC-20. Like
the VIC Music Composer, this is a
cartridge-based program. A novel twist
of Fun With Music is that the cartridge
includes a musical game you can play
when you're not creating musical
masterpieces. Provision for saving your
compositions to disk or tape is also
included.
Another nice feature is a scale card
that sits in back of the row of number
keys on the VIC. It identifies each key
that will produce a sound and gives its
equivalent name on the musical staff.
You control note values, tempo, rests
and placement on the staff through var-
ious keys on the VIC, and the video dis-
play shows a representation of the staff,
as well as other information.
Of the two music programs men-
tioned so far, Fun With Music is the
easier to use and the more fun, par-
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ocu-
larly for
younger
musicians. The
game feature adds
to the enjoyment of
learning about music,
since the scenario is a drum
major trying to strike musical notes
while avoiding a hungry dog and
crashing cymbals.
The notes move along the screen to
the tune of "Dixie," but you can even
substitute the notes of your own com-
positions for the theme of the game!
Paddles are recommended.
The documentation booklet supplied
with the cartridge is straightforward
and easy to understand. The sheet
music for four traditional melodies is
included, as well as the "Dixie" demo.
Entering, editing, storing and playing
back your musical compositions is ex-
tremely easy, even for youngsters, and
the program teaches music in a painless
manner. Epyx hit the nail on the head
when they named this program, because
it really is Fun With Music. Highly re-
commended, especially for very young
computerists.
SPEECH
SYNTHESIS
VIC-20 Speech Synthesizer
The VIC-20 Speech Synthesizer is
produced by Adman Electronics, Ltd.,
in Great Britain, and distributed by
Maxtron of El Monte, California. This
unit is a cartridge with two cable "pig-
tails." The cartridge is inserted into the
VIC's expansion port. The male pigtail
is inserted into the monitor or RF port
on the computer, while the RF or mon-
itor cable is plugged into the female
pigtail.
The ROM-based program is active
upon power-up. As you press each key,
its letter is audibly voiced by the Speech
Synthesizer as well as displayed on the
video screen— and the pronunciation is
quite good. You can initiate Basic pro-
gramming while the cartridge is in
place, and speech synthesis is instituted
by invoking the SYS4100Q command.
Allophones are individual speech
0*
sounds. A phoneme is a grouping
of allophones. For example, take the
phoneme "P." The P sound differs de-
pending on its place within the word.
Peter has a different P sound than ap-
ple, and apple's P sound is different
from the P in wasp. These three dif-
ferent P sounds are all allophones of the
phoneme P.
The VIC-20 Speech Synthesizer utili-
zes allophones to create realistic-sound-
ing speech. Allophones sound different-
ly than the phonemes under which they
are grouped, however, and that must be
taken into consideration when keying in
words for the VIC to pronounce.
An example of this would be the
word "hello." To enable the VIC to
speak, it would have to be entered as
"H/E/LL/OO/". The slash marks act
as separating links for the allophones,
so that by separating and linking the
individual speech elements of "H/E/L-
L/OO/", the word hello is produced.
AH that's really required is that you
think in terms of sounds rather than
letters.
Although the speech is entirely un-
derstandable, it lacks intonation and
character because there is no pitch con-
trol. It's a "computer voice" that
should satisfy the needs of most VIC
users who want to make their comput-
ers converse with them. The documen-
tation supplied with the unit is in the
form of a booklet, and it's thorough
and easily understood.
It also provides a wealth of informa-
tion on the technology of speech synthe-
sis as well as several different program-
ming means of incorporating speech
into Basic programs. Perhaps the most
desirable feature is that through the use
of allophones, the vocabulary is unlim-
ited, since you can create any word by
using the correct allophone com-
ponents.
To sum it up, the VIC-20 Speech Syn-
thesizer is an excellent cartridge-based
voice synthesizer that's easy and fun to
use. It provides good quality synthetic
speech capability for the VIC.
The Voice Box for VIC and C-64
The Alien Group has produced the
most awesome hardware/software com-
bination for voice synthesis that I've
seen yet. The hardware end is actually
the Voice Box, a small black box that
plugs into the user port of either the
VIC-20 or Commodore 64.
This is a great feature in itself, since
the same hardware works for both com-
RUN April 1984 / 45
puters. If you have both a VIC and a
C-64 (like myself), then you need dif-
ferent driver software for the two ma-
chines, but only one Voice Box, It's also
a point to consider if you now have a
VIC and you eventually intend to up-
grade to a 64. The driver software can
be either cassette or disk-based, and the
Alien Group supplies it in both media.
Using the Voice Box with a VIC is
easy, and the results will amaze you.
Standard programs included with the
Voice Box are TypeTalk, which pro-
duces an "Alien" face "speaking" text
that is entered via the keyboard; the
PSpeak, FSpeak, and Speak programs
that allow your Basic programs to con-
tain speech commands through dif-
ferent access means; Daisy, which sings
the first verse of "A Bicycle Built For
Two;" and Spell, which is a spelling
quiz program.
Variable inflection control of the
Alien "voice" is achieved through cer-
tain keys that will either raise or lower
the inflection level, thus producing very
lifelike speech. The Voice Box also has
two knobs on it, one controlling the
overall pitch, or timbre, of the voice,
while the other controls the volume
level.
An external output jack is also pro-
vided that allows the voice to be output
through your stereo system or a musical
instrument amplifier. You don't use the
speaker of the TV or monitor for speech
reproduction at all, as the Voice Box
contains its own speaker. The docu-
mentation booklet supplied with the
Voice Box is absolutely first-rate in its
thoroughness and user-friendliness.
As I mentioned, you can also use the
Voice Box with the Commodore-64,
and when you do, it's a whole new ball
game. In addition to containing all the
same programs as the VIC software,
but in a more refined form, it also pro-
vides musical accompaniment to the
singing Voice Box programs.
Moreover, it gives you various addi-
tional programming utilities that greatly
enhance speech programming and an
optional phoneme dictionary disk that
automatically translates keyboard input
from literal to phonetic spelling. In
most cases, the Voice Box will produce
accurate-sounding pronunciations of
keyboard entry words, but there are
some exceptions that you should enter
phonetically, so they'll sound correct
when played back.
The optional Music program turns
the C-64 into a first-class music syn-
thesizer, and the Alien Group has done
a bang-up job of programming features
into their software. By using the built-in
46 / RUN April 1884
speaker of the Voice Box for the "vo-
calization," and the speaker of your TV
or monitor for musical reproduction,
you can have independent volume con-
trol of the voice and music, as well as to-
tal cut-off of either one.
The absolute show-stopper of this
package is the animated singing face
program and the sample melodies in-
cluded. The hi-resolution face resem-
bles Abe Lincoln, and while watching it
and listening to "The Star-Spangled
Banner," you're almost moved to stand
up at attention! You are also able to al-
ter the face if you decide that Honest
Abe isn't your cup of tea.
Extensive control over the sound gen-
eration and filtering allows countless
variations for the musical accompani-
ment and sound effects. The icing on
the cake is that all your settings and mu-
sical/visual creations may be saved onto
disk or tape. Once again, since pho-
neme creation of the words is the basis
of the synthesis, vocabulary is virtually
unlimited.
Bravo, Alien Group. The Voice Box
is the tour deforce voice and music syn-
thesis package, and I highly recommend
it for both the VIC and C-64 user.
Magic Voice
The Magic Voice module by Com-
modore is intended for use on the C-64,
It plugs into the computer's expansion
port and provides an auxiliary cartridge
Glossary of Synthesizer Terms
Here's a list of terms often used in describing sound
synthesis. It's by no means complete, but it covers the
most commonly used terms and gives a brief but accu-
rate definition of what they mean.
ADSR — Attack, Decay, Sustain,
Release. ADSR as a group deter-
mines what the sound will be like (see
the individual definitions for each of
these components below).
Amplitude — the strength or vol-
ume of the signal (how loud or soft
it is),
Attack — the amount of time it
takes for the sound to start, as in hit-
ting a key on a piano or plucking a
string on a guitar. The attack deter-
mines how much time it takes for an
event to go from silence to sound.
Band Pass Filter— filters out all
frequencies above and below the pre-
selected range or band. In other
words, the frequencies within the
band are allowed to pass through,
while those above and below it are
filtered out.
Decay — Once the attack portion is
completed, the decay determines
how quickly the sound begins to de-
teriorate.
Envelope — refers to the shape of
the sound (the combination of
ADSR values) and determines the
way you will perceive the sound;
e.g., a trumpet's envelope is dif-
ferent from that of a violin.
Filter — In much the same way that
a coffee filter prevents the grounds
from getting into your cup, filters
screen out certain portions of the
sound wave. There are several differ-
ent kinds of filters, and each one
screens out a different portion of the
overall sound.
Frequency — In general terms, this
determines how high- or low-pitched
a sound might be (not how loud or
soft). A soprano has a higher fre-
quency range than a baritone.
Cut-Off Frequency— determines
where a filter will start doing its
work (where to start cutting off the
sound wave).
High-Pass Filter— As the name
implies, this type of filter will allow
high frequencies to pass through
while cutting off low frequencies.
The cut-off frequency determines
what portion of the sound doesn't
pass through,
Low-Pass Filter— the opposite of
a high-pass filter; the lower frequen-
cies are passed through, while the
higher frequencies are stopped. Once
again, the cut-off frequency deter-
mines what goes through and what
doesn't.
Modulator— a control that allows
you to tailor portions of a sound,
such as its high or low frequencies.
Noise — a random-pattern sound
wave. White noise is the most com-
mon (the sound of a channel on your
slot, eliminating the need to remove it
when you want to access a game or utili-
ty cartridge. Several new products from
Commodore, such as the Gorf and
Wizard of Wor game cartridges, as well
as the Magic Desk II home utility car-
tridge and preschool educational car-
tridges, have speech capability when
used with the Magic Voice module.
The Magic Voice unit has a 235-word
vocabulary built in, but this is some-
what deceiving, since the numerals from
one to ten are considered words, as are
the individual letters of the alphabet
and parts of words such as "th" and
"ing." Among other words of limited
use included in the alphabet are "Com-
modore" and "Capital."
TV set after the station has gone off
the air for the night is an example of
white noise). Pink noise is another
variety, produced by changing the
octave and/or rate of the wave.
Pulse Width — In simple terms, ev-
ery sound is made up of waves that
rise and fall. The period of time be-
tween the crests of the sound wave
(often thousands of crests per sec-
ond!) determines the width of these
crests, or pulses. It also refers to the
voltage levels associated with these
waves, but that gets a bit technical.
Release — another component of
the ADSR/envelope package. The
release determines how much time
will elapse to go from sound back in-
to silence.
Resonance— describes how mellow
or "tinny" a sound is. The combina-
tion of the envelope components and
the filters determines the resonance.
Timbre is another term that's fre-
quently interchanged with resonance
in describing a sound.
Sequence— a pattern of notes, usu-
ally to be repeated later on in the com-
position. Sequencers replay these
patterns a predetermined number of
times.
Sustain — denotes a level that will
be held or "sustained" as part of the
overall sound envelope. Note that
sustain describes a level, but attack,
decay and release describe time
values.
Waveform — If you could see a
sound, you'd see its shape. There are
four distinct soundwave shapes, or
forms — square, sawtooth, triangular
and noise. Each different waveform
has a direct effect on what kind of
sound you will hear.
TB
A very useful feature of the module,
however, is the addition of the Basic
command Say. You can use Say to
make the computer utter a phrase en-
closed in quotes (providing, of course,
that the words are included in the vo-
cabulary). By the time you read this,
Commodore will have released its
Magic Voice Vocabulary disk, contain-
ing a 10,000-word vocabulary, and al-
lowing you to store words of your own
creation on the disk. In case you're
wondering, vulgarities will not be in-
cluded!
The "natural" speaking voice of the
module has a friendly-sounding female
timbre, complete with inflections.
Emphasis on words like "terrific" adds
to the user-friendliness with enthusiastic
ambiance.
According to some of Magic Voice's
designers I spoke with at Commodore,
they opted for the "female" voice be-
cause it sounds friendlier to preschool-
ers using it to learn their ABCs. It cer-
tainly is a unique sound!
This soothing and enthusiastic female
voice can be drastically altered into a
menacing male timbre by inserting the
Wizard of Wor cartridge into the aux-
iliary slot. Say "bye-bye" to the nice
lady and "hello" to the awful Wizard,
who promises that "your bones will lie
in the Dungeons of Wor— ha-ha-ha-ha"
and informs you that "my pets are get-
ting hungry."
A jumper cable is provided to allow
the speech data encoded on the car-
tridge to operate interactively with the
background music. Commodore has
plans for releasing a multitude
of applications, educational
and entertainment pro-
grams to use with
the Magic Voice
module.
All in
all, Magic Voice is very easy to use,
although its on-board vocabulary is ex-
tremely limited. However, if you use it
with the appropriate speech cartridges,
it should give you a valuable education-
al tool as well as providing entertain-
ment and practical voice prompts for
applications programs. The female
voice is definitely a nice touch.
COMMODORE 64
MUSIC SYNTHESIS
The Commodore 64, owing to its SID
chip, is capable of producing sounds ri-
valing those of a professional-quality
dedicated music synthesizer costing sev-
eral thousands of dollars. Just this fea-
ture alone more than justifies its pur-
chase price, and that's why more ama-
teur musicians have C-64s than any
other personal computer.
Another reason for the overwhelm-
ing acceptance of the 64 as a serious mu-
sical applications tool is the abundance
of high-quality music synthesis
and sound generation software
now on the market. Every
music program for the
64 that I'm review-
ing here is ex-
cellent,
though
there
v*
■jfA-
\V*
RUN April 1984 / 47
are, in my judgment, varying degrees of
excellence, depending mainly on ease of
use and documentation quality.
Most of these programs also contain
provisions for printing out your musical
compositions, and this is a boon to
composers and arrangers. Potentially,
this can relieve a lot of the drudgery of
music writing, and it's a point to con-
sider when seeking a music program
that's right for your needs. I say poten-
tially because, once again, some are
easier to use than others.
Another point to consider is whether
your needs will be satisfied by using pre-
set sounds, or whether you'll actually
need to create or simulate sounds to get
the effect you want. While all of these
programs provide some degree of
"sonic tailoring," you are limited to
preset sounds on some programs, while
others allow you to customize the sound
in unlimited variation.
Previous musical experience also has
to be considered. Some of these pro-
grams don't require any knowledge of
music at all, and they'll allow you to
produce music as soon as they're loaded.
Other programs will be more effective
for those who can read music and un-
derstand musical notation; but the be-
ginner, with a little patience, can have a
good time with these also. All of these
programs offer some music tutorial,
from modest to thorough, in the docu-
mentation.
Lastly, this review of music programs
for the 64 is as complete as possible at
the time of writing, but with the pro-
liferation of software for the C-64, new
programs are being developed and re-
leased almost on a daily basis. If you
don't find a review of a program you've
heard about, it's because it wasn't avail-
able at the time I wrote this; it'll proba-
bly be reviewed in a future issue.
Music Construction Set
Electronic Arts has a sure winner
with the Music Construction Set
(MCS). The author of this ingenious ap-
proach to producing music on the Com-
modore 64 is a fellow named Will
Harvey, who was only fifteen years old
when he wrote the program!
MCS is a disk-load program, and its
most outstanding feature is that you use
a joystick with it, or a KoalaPad, if you
have one. I used a joystick to test it, and
found this an easy way to use the pro-
gram. Essentially, you just pick and
point to do what you want.
The video display shows three
musical staves, and the lower half of the
screen is filled with symbols, or icons,
of notes, rests, sound values and
48 / RUN April 1984
Studio-64,
for the C-64.
Mill
uwuii:mj?
various other artifacts. A pointing hand
icon does all the work, guided by either
your joystick or KoalaPad.
Creating music with MCS is as simple
as moving the hand down to select what
kind of note you want (whole, half,
quarter, etc.) and placing it where you
want it on the staff. As you choose your
note, you hit the fire button and then re-
lease the note where you want it by
pressing the button again. As the note is
placed, you hear it.
At any time during the composition,
you may hear what you've created by
moving the pointing hand to the piano
icon and hitting the fire button. Presto,
your musical composition is played
back to you — it's as easy as that!
You don't have to know a thing
about music to use MCS effectively.
You can copy sheet music for any song
you wish onto the MCS staves and play
it back. Or you can experiment, plink-
ing around by ear, since you can remove
wrong or sour notes as easily as you
place them. If you want to sing along,
you can instantly transpose your com-
positions to find a comfortable range
for your voice.
MCS also allows you to print out
your composition using a VIC-1525
Graphic Printer or an interface that to-
tally emulates the 1525, A printout is as
easy and painless as composing, and the
print resolution is excellent.
Storage of your compositions to disk
is quick and easy as well. You simply
move the hand to the disk icon, hit the
fire button and type SAVE and the title
of the piece at the arrow prompt. That's
it. To retrieve a piece, you move to the
disk icon, hit the button, type LOAD
and the title, and you're all set. Then
you move to the piano icon and hit the
button again to play your piece. What
could be more simple?
There are thirteen preset sounds in-
cluded on the program. These include
harpsichord, oboe, organ, brass, flute
and others, including percussion
sounds. They should be sufficient for
your applications. It would be nice if
you could further tailor these sounds or
synthesize new ones, but alas, nothing's
perfect. This is the only limiting factor
of MCS, and even this isn't a major
drawback.
There is a feature called Cut and
Paste that allows you to cut out a sec-
tion of the musical score and paste it in
anywhere you want within that score—
or any other, for that matter. What a
time-saver this is, especially if you want
to repeat certain sections of a tune, such
as a chorus or refrain.
You can even create entirely new
compositions by cutting and pasting to-
gether pieces of other songs. Once
again, the icons make the task simple:
you use the "scissors" for cutting and
the "glue bottle" for pasting.
If you're looking for a music pro-
gram that's painless, offers every major
feature you could ask for and doesn't
require you to be a Leonard Bernstein,
then Music Construction Set is definite-
ly for you. Congratulations to both Will
Harvey and Electronic Arts for a truly
outstanding music program for the
C-64!
Studio-64
Studio-64, from En-Tech Software, Is
the next item on our musical menu. This
program is available on either disk or
cassette and has the same features on
both media (I used the disk version). In
the concise but thorough user's manual
supplied with the program, En-Tech de-
scribes Studio-64 as "a powerful word
processor for music, not just a simple
sound-maker." I must say that this de-
finition is a fairly accurate description
of the product.
The utility features of Studio-64 in-
clude the entering, editing and playback
modes; sound customizing through set-
ting the ADSR and filter controls; and
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saving compositions to disk or cassette
for future playback or editing. No pro-
vision is made for printing out musical
scores on a line printer, although En-
Tech plans to release a program in the
near future that will do this with
Studio-64 (it may be available by the
time you read this).
Alt note entry, duration values, rests,
tonal qualities, etc., are done via the
keyboard. Three-part harmony is possi-
ble, with individual volume and tonal
characteristics for each voice. Although
it's not as direct or simple as the MCS,
it's still a very easy program to use, and
it produces excellent results.
The real strength of Studio-64 is the
provision to customize the sound of
your music through the alteration of
synthesizer settings. The program also
has the capacity to store approximately
eight minutes of music for all three
voices (combined), which is more than
enough time for all but the longest com-
positions!
Studio-64 offers an excellent com-
promise between ease of use and the
facilities to create virtually any sound or
tonal characteristics desired. Pitch rep-
resentation on the video screen is limit-
ed to a range from middle C to G sharp
one octave above; higher and lower
notes are possible through hitting other
keys on the keyboard, but the staff
doesn't show the actual pitch, even
though it sounds correct. This part is a
bit tricky to get used to, and you may
not care for this at all.
Another eccentricity of the program
is that flats must be represented as
sharps of the natural note one tone
lower. This is really a pain in the neck,
especially if you don't have a reason-
ably thorough working knowledge of
music. The conversion process is ade-
quately explained in the manual, but it's
still confusion city until you get used to
the conversion.
Apart from the limited visual repre-
sentation of the musical score and the
sharp-flat oddity mentioned above,
Studio-64 offers you diverse tonal mod-
ifications and a great amount of music
data storage while you're working on a
composition.
En-Tech's promised score-printing
module will round out one of the rough
edges, but I can't help wondering if the
printing will be limited to the same mid-
dle C to G sharp range as the video dis-
play; if it is, it will be next to useless. If,
however, it does reproduce actual tonal
representations, it will be a valuable
music package.
In the meantime, if you feel you can
live with the idiosyncracies of this pro-
gram, you'll be pleased with the flex-
ibility of the sound-coloring controls as
well as the massive amount of working
room for scores within the program.
The preset instrumental sounds are
exceDent, and the synthesizer controls
allow virtually unlimited mixing of
sounds, including effective percussion
effects. Apart from the above-men-
tioned quirks, Studio-64 is an impres-
sive program worthy of serious consid-
eration when you're purchasing music
synthesis software.
MusiCalc
Waveform Corporation has produced
the MusiCalc series of modular sound-
synthesis programs, and it's really
heavyweight stuff! Heavyweight is an
appropriate term, since it accurately de-
scribes the extensive capabilities of the
system as well as the myriad applica-
tions it can support.
Module 1 of MusiCalc is the Syn-
thesizer and Sequencer disk, Module 2
is the ScoreWriter disk and Module 3 is
Playing
You don't have to purchase dedi-
cated software to explore the
sound/music synthesis capabilities
of your C-64. If you're basically an
adventurer and experimenter, then
all you really need is your 64, the
owner's manual and a copy of the C-
64 Programmer's Reference Guide.
Armed with these, you can journey
into sonic adventureland and pro-
duce all kinds of interesting sounds.
However, both of the Commo-
dore books mentioned above are am-
biguous, at best, when it comes to
utilizing the SID chip to best advan-
tage. For example, they mention that
the chip will accept external signal in-
put, but nowhere do they clearly tell
you how to access this capability.
Not one to be thwarted when I'm
really on to something, I decided to
make a few phone calls to people
who are infinitely more knowledge-
able about these matters than 1. This
is what I discovered:
The following program tells you
how to access the SID chip to read
external input. These are only open-
ing values, though, so you'll still
have to do some book work to find
out how to set the filters up and how
different values will affect the
sounds you produce. But it's a start,
and a good one at that.
10 SID = 54272
20 POKEStD + 23, 128+8
30 POKE SID + 24, 32+ IS
40 POKESID+22, 128+2
After you type this in, save it to
either disk or tape. What you have
here is the information that both the
user's manual and Programmer's
50 / RUN April 1984
the Keyboard-Maker disk. Two Tem-
plate disks — African and Latin rhythms
on one and new wave and rock on the
other — are also available. Additionally,
Waveform offers a demo disk that dem-
onstrates the capabilities of MusiCalc, as
well as their "Technopop" disks, which
are recordings of current hits, old stan-
dards and even Christmas music that
you can play on your computer.
They also intend to release a keyboard
and software package called MusiCalc 4
that will work interactively with the
MusiCalc 1 and 2 modules, This mod-
ule will enable you to play music on the
keyboard and record it on disk to play
back or print out later. It wilt also let
you play any scale in any key, which will
greatly enhance the musical capabilities
of their already-impressive modular
software.
Before I describe the features of the
individual modules, I must mention the
singular innovation of MusiCalc that
makes it a stand-out among other music
packages.
The SID chip in your C-64 will accept
external input via the audio/visual port
on pin #5. In short, this means you can
introduce sound into the com-
puter — for instance, by a microphone
or electric guitar — and use the C-64's
SID filters, oscillators and other con-
trols to tailor and change the sound.
The C-64 user's manual and the
Programmer's Reference Guide men-
with SID
Reference Guide neglect to tell you.
You'll also need some way to ac-
cess pin #5 of the audio/visual port
on the back of your 64. I strongly
suggest you use the Sound Box from
HES, which allows external input via
an RCA-type jack.
As an alternative, you can rig up
your own connector, using parts
from Radio Shack or a comparable
supplier. But if you're not adept at
soldering, I don't advise this, be-
cause you can really mess up your
computer if you make the wrong
connections. Also refer to the user's
guide and programmer's guide for
input voltage values — you might fry
your SID chip if you try to force- feed
it too much juice.
Once you have a suitable connec-
tion to pin #5, you're all set to plug in
your guitar, microphone or other de-
vice (but watch that voltage!) and use
the SID's capabilities to process and
filter the signals you're sending into
it. It'll take a lot of experimenting,
but that's part of the fun.
You serious programmers out
there should find it quite easy to add
some lines to the Basic program I've
provided to sequentially increment
or decrement these starting values by
means of a loop. If anyone comes up
with something that he feels is really
great, I'd love to hear about it. Drop
me a line describing what you've
done, as well as either a program list-
ing or a copy of it, and we'll publish
the best efforts in a subsequent issue.
(If you do submit a program on disk
or tape and you want it back, please
provide a stamped envelope large
enough to handle it; otherwise, it be-
comes a "keeper"!) All submissions
of this nature should be addressed to:
Tom Benford/rtLW
PO Box 125
Osbomeville, NJ 08723
I'd like to publicly thank Mick
Fitzgerald of Waveform, Inc., as
well as Nancy Nieradka for their
kind contributions.
Thanks are also in order to Steve
Finkel and John Malhias at Com-
modore for their help (and patience
with me and my numerous phone
calls) while I was researching this ar-
ticle.
While I'm at it, I might as well
thank all of the manufacturers and
distributors who submitted their
software and/or hardware for evalu-
ation, as well as their technical assis-
tance where needed.
And a very special thank you goes
to the "kooks" at the Alien Group,
who provided a wealth of knowledge
and data on speech synthesis.
On a parting note, let me mention
that neither I nor RUN will be re-
sponsible for any damage to your
computer or other equipment result-
ing from trying to rig up external in-
put devices. This information is pre-
sented solely for your edification,
and if you don't understand what's
going on with the A/V port, then
you shouldn't mess with it! In any
event, do have fun with your com-
puter music and sound synthesis ex-
periments, 'cause that's what it's all
about.
TB
tion that this is possible, but that's
about all; neither book provides infor-
mation about utilizing this feature.
Waveform has taken the bull by the
horns and has included in the MusiCalc
1 module a provision to accept external
input and process it through the soft-
ware synthesis controls. This is a great
boon in creating music, especially if
you're guitar-oriented, rather than a
keyboard specialist.
I'm eagerly awaiting the release of
Waveform's Colortone Keyboard and
MusiCalc 4 package. What a blessing it
will be to think in pure musical terms
while playing on a piano-like keyboard,
rather than in typewriter/music nota-
tion, where G sharp is the R key. I can
hardly wait!
To get on to the MusiCalc system it-
self, Module 1 is the master module, the
heart of the system. This program turns
your C-64 into a three-voice synthesizer
and fully-interactive stepping sequenc-
er, The sequencer feature allows you to
repeat sequences or patterns of a musi-
cal score over and over. All note entry is
done via the keyboard, and you enter
the synthesizer panel in the same way.
There are over 70 tonal controls in
the synthesizer section, including modu-
lators, transposes and waveform con-
trols, with "sliders" to control their
values. The sliders are simply lines that
can be moved up or down to increase or
decrease the values of the control set-
tings. The disk includes a massive
assortment of sample sounds and
musical scores.
Module 2 is the Score Writer disk.
This disk works in conjunction with
Module 1 to change your compositions
and improvisations into musical nota-
tion represented on the traditional staff.
It also allows you to print out your
music on a graphics line printer with a
minimum of fuss and bother. It does
not work alone, however, since it is in-
teractive with the Module 1 disk. Print-
out quality is excellent.
Module 3 is the Keyboard-Maker
disk, and it enables you to create your
own custom musical keyboard configu-
rations on the C-64 according to your
needs. This module comes with over 30
preset keyboard scales that accom-
modate just about every musical form,
from classical to rock, and you can cus-
tom-tailor the keyboard if you find
none of the presets adequate. Once
again, this is an interactive disk, so you
need Module 1 to use these features.
The Template modules are interac-
tive overlay programs supplied on in-
dividual disks. Template i contains
Continued on p. 134.
RUN April 1984 / 51
Can you be hypnotized by a
microcomputer? Well, this
author didn't think so ei-
ther. . .until she met the magnifi-
cent Kurian, who can dazzle you
with his mystifying powers of
suggestion and help you relax,
correct bad habits, induce regres-
sion, and so forth, through hyp-
nosis. You'll fall under his spell.
By Christine Adamec
The Hypnotist
(Disk and PSI Biofeedback Device)
Psycom Software International
2118 Forest Lake Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45244
Tel: (513) 474-2188
Price: $87.95 disk
Address author correspondence to
Christine A. Adamec, 381 SW Ard-
more St., Palm Bay, FL 32907.
52 /RUN April 1984
Does the word hypnosis give you the
shudders, as you imagine a mad scien-
tist gleefully intoning evil orders into the
mind of the helpless (and beautiful)
maiden?
I once thought hypnosis was pretty
weird, too, but a couple of years ago I
decided to try it to lose some excess
weight. I saw a hypnotist twice and lost
thirty pounds within about two months.
And I kept if off, plus or minus three
pounds.
So when I heard about a self-hypno-
sis computer program written by a pro-
fessional hypnotist, I was fascinated.
Could a computer really hypnotize a
person? Maybe I could help my hus-
band reduce his blood pressure, and
maybe I could become truly slim, in-
stead of just average.
Then came the holiday season. I
gained seven pounds! Horrors! Time to
try out Kurian, the guy with the big
starey eyes in the beginning of The Hyp-
notist program.
Before describing the program in de-
tail, let me explain that The Hypnotist
isn't just a program etched on a floppy
disk — it also includes an electronic bio-
feedback device.
This lightweight hardware plugs into
Port I of your C-64, and you strap the
other end around your wrist like a
watch, with velcro making it stick to-
gether. You place your little finger into
a loop (the sensor mechanism) con-
nected to the strap and you're ready —
the computer will use this device to take
your pulse!
If you want to calm down, the com-
puter will help you concentrate on low-
ering your pulse, and, theoretically,
your stress level, too. When you're re-
laxed, you're a much better subject for
hypnosis.
Look Into My Eyes
After you've read the step-by-step
manual to get an idea of The Hypnotist,
load the program and meet Kurian, a
head and shoulders picture of an Egyp-
tian — outstanding graphics! Kurian 's
your hypnotist, and he'll provide all
your instructions in printed words
(Kurian can't speak aloud, though his
lips move).
Kurian first wants to know your
name, then what you want of him: habit
control, regression, superleaming or
biofeedback stress control. I started
with habit control, and Kurian asked
me for three names of my habit.
Positive thinking works better for me
than negative, so I decided to call my
habit food control instead of pigging
out. I also called it nutritional balance,
but that was too long for the computer,
which called it nutritional bal, or some-
thing like that. Next time I shortened it
to nutrition. Exercise was another asso-
ciated habit I wanted to engrain.
Next, I was asked if I wanted the pos-
itive, negative or alternative suggestion
method; I selected positive, so as to re-
main consistent. I didn't want to pair
food control, one of my habit words,
with negative words like disgusting.
If you prefer to call your habit a neg-
ative word, like obesity or fat, then you
should select negative words to match
them. Of course, you can use neutral
habit words; for example, the manual
suggests smoking with tobacco and cig-
arettes, in which case you could select
any suggestion method.
If you choose the alternative option,
your habit words will be paired with ac-
tivities, such as sailing, fishing and read-
ing — replacements for overeating, smok-
ing and so on.
Another choice: Did I want my habit
words matched to Kurian's or to my
own stimulus words? I tried both, in
different sessions. I used words like
strong, healthy and happy. Kurian used
words like dancing, singing, liberated
and playing. (Later I checked Kurian's
negative words and found them to be
pretty strong — urine, puke and a few
other choice ones.)
Did I want a long session or a short
one? 1 found I was more relaxed by the
long session, which seemed to last about
five minutes longer than the shortie.
The only problem with the long session
was that I was at first a little distracted
by the whirring of the disk drive.
Kurian directed me to darken my en-
vironment and block out the outer
world so I could enter my inner world. 1
was to breathe slowly and deeply as if 1
were floating. I was to remember a time
when I was very relaxed and peaceful.
1 envisioned trips to the White Moun-
tains of New Hampshire, sitting next to
the Saco River, watching it flow end-
lessly over the rocks. He asked, "Do
you recall most vividly what you were
seeing or what you were hearing or feel-
ing? The first time I answered "yes,"
and he said, "Now answer correctly!" I
figured out my error and typed in "see-
ing," and Kurian assured me that seeing
what would follow would relax me and
make me feel peaceful.
Next step: I was directed to stare at
any point on a picture of an Egyptian
woman facing some kind of creature.
While I stared, very slow music was
played. The basic difference between
the long and short session lay in the
amount of time I spent staring at this
screen.
Now, on to the relaxation .session,
where I used the biofeedback device. 1
was asked what my normal pulse is, and
I input 78. (If you give too low a num-
ber, the computer will keep you in this
mode until you get down there. So take
your pulse first.)
Next, the biofeedback device gave me
readings, and I consciously tried to
lower the number flashing on the
screen. It goes up and down, and once
you've reached or dropped below your
goal pulse, you'll be moved on to the
next part of the program.
And that's the swinging pendulum
we commonly associate with hypno-
sis—remember the mad doctor swing-
ing his pocket watch back and forth in
front of his poor trapped victims? Well,
The Hypnotist strobes a purple pendu-
lum back and forth.
At first, it swings monotonously with
a heartbeat-like background noise.
Then, without any sound, the pendu-
lum swings frantically back and forth,
suddenly disappearing. You're ready to
be programmed.
A habit word is paired with one of the
stimulus words and they are strobed up
and down the screen, followed immedi-
ately by another pair. I concentrated in-
tensely as "food control" and
"healthy" skimmed madly down my
computer screen.
The final step is the wake up — a
screaming siren and the words "Wake
Up" were scrolled from top to bottom
of my screen. The end involved Kurian
telling me what a great subject I'd been.
Other Hypnotist Options
If you don't have any bad habits, but
would like to lower your stress level, re-
gress or memorize important passages,
you could try these other three choices
embedded in The Hypnotist.
For example, in the Superleaming
mode, if you select the Gettysburg com-
puter fife, the Gettysburg Address will
RUN April IBM / 53
be scrolled down your computer screen,
several words at a time. Or you can cre-
ate your own files containing informa-
tion or passages that you'd like to re-
member.
How about the biofeedback stress
control? I'm not sure how well it works
on a person with a real problem, but it
certainly has a lot of potential to help
busy executives on the fast track as well
as the rest of us in the daily grind. (I'm
testing it out on my Program- Manager
Each month over 150,000 active hams read 73. Ninety-nine percent of them want to sec com-
puter ads in 73*. Hams are computer buffs too. In fact, nearly 5OTo of T3 readers already own or
will buy a microcomputer within the next few months.
These computerists need— *New micros •Peripherals • Software
Cash in on this rcady-to-buy market today. . .save money through our special combination
rate program by running your ads in 73 and other Wayne Green publications.
If you want 99% readership of your ads, put them in
73: Amateur Radio 's Technical Journal,
Call TOLL FREE 1-800441^403 or write
73 Advertising Department R, Elm Street, Peterborough, N.H. 03458.
•Bised on survey laktn in 1981 ami I9BJ.
husband — too soon to report results.)
The Biofeedback mode is centered on
the screen, which shows your pulse.
And yes, by concentrating and watch-
ing the waveform and the flashing num-
bers of your pulse, you really can lower
your pulse and make yourself more re-
laxed. I'm not overly-stressed, but I do
wake up once or twice every night, rou-
tinely. If I use The Hypnotist before
bed, I'm out cold for eight hours and 1
wake up feeling great. (What a cure for
insomnia!)
I haven't yet figured out the regres-
sion mode. In this option you're given a
lot of printed, very positive feedback
and told that problems will be perceived
as opportunities for growth and so on.
It sounded very Dale Caraegie-ish to
me. Then the computer starts drawing
weird scribbles on the screen.
According to Patrick Williams, cre-
ator of The Hypnotist and president of
Psycom, this option uses the drawings
somewhat like psychological inkblots;
people stare at them to imagine what
they look like. Williams calls it ' 'a rever-
ie sort of thing," and it seems to fit what
we used to call consciousness-raising.
Do I have any criticisms? I wish 1
could save my words for the habit mod-
ification program. Continuity arid con-
sistency would not only eliminate the
tedium of having to input them each
time, but would also ensure I don't for-
get the good ones.
Is This for Real?
Was 1 really hypnotized? It's harder
to tell than you think. I remember not
believing I had been hypnotized when I
went to a living, breathing therapist.
On the drive home I kept chiding my-
self for wasting good money. But then
when I thought it would be nice to have
an ice cream cone on the way home, an
inner voice told me I didn't need it. And
this continued for several days until I
quit wanting those between-meai snacks
that were keeping me a chubbo. Sud-
denly I wanted to take long walks, to ex-
ercise.
I still can't say for sure that The Hyp-
notist and my C-64 really hypnotized
me, but 1 am losing weight (four pounds
in a week, so far). Nutritious food tastes
better than the junk my palate usually
adores.
The last time I ran the program and
the wakc-up mode came on, 1 was so
startled my whole body jerked — as
though someone had sneaked up from
behind and grabbed me. But don't wor-
ry — Williams insists you won't turn into
a life-long zombie if the screaming
"Wake Up" doesn't bring you back to
54 / RUN April 1984
For CBM-64
and VIC
owners only:
This is just 1 of
20 pages of the
newest and biggest
Skyles catalog, hot
off the press.
We know you'll
want this page, in
its full 7x10
splendor, and
another 19 pages
of peripherals,
software and books
that will make your
CBM-64 or VIC
computer even
nicer to live with.
So, if we missed
•1&&24P&
#&£<*
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%r
A**
A
<f
«te
&%>
<2rj5&
$
«<vs
f^ v
J*
,;**
C£
sending you your
very own copy
within the last few
weeks, call us at
(800) 227-9998
(unless you live
in California, in
which case call
(415)965-1735.
&
&
G*
(■'
*r
i
From Skyles
Electric Works, the
oldest and largest
professional
specialists in the
business.
C»cIg 90 on Reader Service card.
Skyles Electric Works
231-E S. Whisman Road
Mountain View, California 94041
reality. You'd just fall asleep and wake
up naturally. The five persons who tried
the program in my home all quickly
woke up.
Will Kurian help you achieve your
ideal? Will you even lose five pounds or
give up smoking? I don't know because
it depends on how badly you want to
achieve something and how susceptible
you are to hypnosis. (Persons with good
imaginations are supposedly the best
subjects.)
Psycom doesn't guarantee the pro-
gram will work for you, so out of
curiosity, 1 called a professional hypno-
tist and described the program to him
over the phone. He ranted and raved
for ten minutes that a mere machine
could never compare to a trained hyp-
notist — how could a machine know
what words upset or influence you? {I
thought, "And how could a hypnotist
you just met know you?")
My father and husband, both of
whom would never voluntarily lie on
the couch of a real hypnotist, enthusias-
tically submitted to the computer — they
felt safe. My husband tried out the pro-
gram for a minor habit — nail biting —
and he's cured! (Next step is to lower his
blood pressure.)
The electronic biofeedback device used with the Hypnotist program.
Another advantage: You can run the
program over and over, on yourself,
your family and your friends. Since
hypnotists charge $50 or more an hour,
the price of The Hypnotist isn't bad.
I'm losing weight and just bought a
bicycle — is it me or my computer or a
combination of the two? Or would I
have lost the extra weight effortlessly,
anyway, when Christmas ended? It's
impossible to tell, but I think the pro-
gram's helping me. I'll never be a svelte
fashion model (and I'll never be 21
again), but perhaps The Hypnotist can
prevent me from transforming into a
blob. And maybe it could help you. H
Circle 91 on Reader Service card.
Make Your Commodore Radio Hetive
The MICROLOG AIR-1 cartridge will turn your VIC-20 or
C-64 into a complete Radio Teletype and Morse code ter-
minal. Connect a shortwave radio and you'll be watching
text readout from weather stations, news services, ships and
HAM radio operators all over the world. A whole new use for
your home computer. The AIR-1 contains both program in
ROM and radio interface circuit to copy Morse code and all
speeds and shifts of radio teletype. Plus the on screen tuning
indicators mean you never have to take your eyes off the
video for perfect tuning.
For Ham radio use, the Air- 1 will also send and receive
RTTY/CW with AFSK/PTT & ± CW keying outputs.
The AIR-1 will even tell you what Morse speed you're
copying and provide built-in send/ receive code practice!
With keyword or manual printer control for permanent
paper copy, you won't miss a single bit of the action.
If you've been looking for something to spice- up your
computing, try the ultimate "peripheral" and connect your
computer to the AIR-1,
The complete AIR-1 for the VIC-20 or "64" is $199.
(With 4 mode AMTOR, $279.) See it at your local dealer or
call Microlog Corporation, 18713 Mooney Drive, Gaithers-
burg, Maryland 20879.
TEL: (301) 258-8400. Telex: 908153.
MICROLOG
INNOVATORS IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
56 / RUN April 1084
Ciicis 11 on Reader Service card.
Look at these
Features
• Fully screen-oriented
• Horizontal and vertical scrolling
• Terminal mode — never seen before on a word processor
• Supports Commodore disk and cassette handling
• Imbedded commands
BUZTEXT
WORDPROCESSOR
Commodore-frfl mnd
VIC -20 .wr tract. -mark?
of Commodore
Builnen Machine*.
FOR THE
COMMODORE 64
BUZTEXT - SUPER WORDPROCESSOR
for the Commodore -64
- ON SALE NOW! -
• Fully screen-oriented, up/down, left and right
scrolling - Upper and lower case
• Mora than 70 commands
• Full I/O compatibility with Commodore peripheral)
Upper and lower case
• Works with practically every printer on the market,
user definable printer control commands
• INCLUDE command allows handling large files
on up to 4 diskettes or on cassette*
• Build in terminal software for electronic mail and
networking. Telecommunications mode, upload and
download, lave on disk or cassette.
• Dynamic formatting, Imbedded commands
• Single keystroke for disk directory Bnd error channel
• Program comes on disk or cassette
• Double line spacing, left and fight margin justification,
centering, page numbering, and practically everything
one expects from a good wordprocessor.
AVAILABLE NOW!
Order #4965 B89.00
Manual only 16 Z pases) S29.95
MACROFIRE -
Editor/Assembler for the Commodore-64
ON SALE NOW
AVAILABLE IMMEDIATELY
One outstanding tool, consisting of 3 powerful element*
combined into one efficient programl
1.1 Fully screen -oriented Editor (more than 70
commands)
2.) Very fast assembler with macro capability
3.1 Machine Language Monitor
Assembly can be started from the editor. Translates In
3 passes. More than 1,000 lables, screen orlented/no line
numbers, scrolling, includes ditk files.
Practically everything the serious machine language
programmer needs everyday I
Manual only 819.95
Order #4963 SB9.00
THE GREAT BOOK OF GAMES, VOL.1,
by Franz Ende
4G programs for the Commodore 64
Introduction to graphics and sound, How to program
your own games. Walking pictures, animation, high
resolution graphics, programming tips and tricks, hints
and useful subroutines for the beginner and advanced
programmer. This book is a MUST for every C-64 owner.
Come and get it - It's yours for only 8 9.95
Order =182 128 pages 69.95
Programs from the book on disk.
Order # 4983 819.95
MORE ON THE SIXTYFOUR, by H.C, Waoner
How to get the most out of your powerful Commodore
64. Very important subroutines, tricks and hints In
machine language for your C-64. How to modify DOS.
How to connect a parallel and serial printer. How to
design your own terminal program for communication
and networking. Dig into I/O for cassette and disk.
Order?183 89.95
Programs from the book on disk
Order § 4989 S 19.96
NEW PRODUCTS
Watch out for our new books, software and add-ons to
come soon. ON SALE NOWI - ORDER TODAYI
How to program in 6502 Machine Language on
your C-64 , by S. Roberts (Introduction!
Order-* 194 612.95
Commodore-64 Tune-up, Vol. I, by S, Roberts
How to expand and customize your C-34.
Order #185 812,95
Small Business Programs for the Commodore-64
by S. Roberts
How to make money using your C-64, Mailing lilt,
invoice writing. Inventory, simple wordprocesslng and
much more.
Order* 186 S12.9S
Dealer and Distributor Inouirtes are invited.
Hardware Add-Ons:
Parallel printer interface KIT Order ^4990 8 19.95
Universal Experimenter Board Order #4970 8 9.95
Expansion Board, space for four ex-
perimenter boards(board onlyl Order #4992 8 29.95
Tricks for VICs, No. 176 89.95
Universal Experimenter board for VIC 89,95
Bonk Nn. 1B4 612.95 Book No. 182 89,95
NEW Products for the
C-64
SUPERMAILING (Dl
Order No. 4962 S49,-
Superlnventory (Dl
Order- No. 4961 S 49,-
BUS1PACK 1 ID)
Order-No. 4963 S99,-
SixtyFORTH (Dl
FigFORTHforC«4
Order-No. 4960 S39,-
For your V1C-20
Trick ■ for VICi
Order-No. 176 G9.9S
Univenal Experimen-
ter board
Order-No. 484489,95
Book No.183 £9.95
i*:
PAYMENT; check, money order, VISA, MASTER
CARD, Euroeheck, ACCESS, Interbank
Prepaid orders add 83.50 tor shipping (USA)
66.00 handling for C.O.O.
All orders outside USA: add 15 % shipping. Call for-
ma residents add 6.5 "4 tales tax.
ELCOMP PUBLISHING, INC
53 Redrock Lane
Pomona, CA 91766
Phone: (714(623 8314
Telex: 29 81 91
rl Monkey
This educational program is a
great aid in helping young
folks sharpen their spelling skills.
If your spelling skills leave much
to be desired, then this program
will probably make a monkey out
ol you.
By R. V. Taylor
If you like word games or have chil-
dren who are learning to spell, then
Funky Monkey, written for the unex-
panded VIC, is a game that will give you
many hours of enjoyment.
Funky Monkey spells a word
Some are ones you 've never heard
Beat him spelling if you can
And put bananas in your pan!
After you've loaded the program,
this little poem, which explains the
game, appears on the screen, in the time
it takes you to read the poem, the com-
puter designs the game's custom char-
acters and stores them in memory. The
screen changes and the game begins.
Funky's face appears in the upper
left-hand comer of the screen. "Funky
Monkey Spells, , . " appears to the right
of him. Below this is a three-character
word, underscored in red.
The computer asks you whether or
not Funky spelled a real word and in-
structs you to press Y for yes or N for
no. This is followed by the scoring sec-
tion, which keeps track of how many
bananas you've won and how many
Funky has won. The First one to win ten
bananas wins the game.
If Funky spells a real word (you'll be
surprised how often he does) he wins a
banana. If he doesn't spell
a real word and you
press N, the
computer
asks you if you can make a real word
out of Funky's three letters.
If you can make a word by rearrang-
ing the letters and/or adding other
characters, press Y. The computer asks
you to type the word and then to press
the return key.
Next, the computer asks you to check
your word to see that it is correct — that
it contains Funky's initial three letters
and that it's a real word. If you made a
mistake or if it's not a true word, you
must press N and Funky wins the ba-
nana. But if all is correct and you press
Y, you win the banana. The computer
asks you if you are ready for another
word and the game goes through
another cycle.
When either you or Funky wins the
game, Funky acts up — either in glee or
indignation. To play another game,
press the run/stop key and rerun the
program.
So, put on your thinking cap and see
if you can beat Funky Monkey in spell-
ing. But if you can't, don't get mad
at me! SI
RUN It Right
Unexpanded VIC-20
Address author correspondence to R.
V. Taylor, 2124 Labette Manor Drive,
Little Rock, AR 72205.
ffrrxT
58 / RUN April 1984
r u n k v t-1 o n k e: v
SPELLS. . .
~ n i
I I rt - •
V O U H ri V.
±ST SCORE OF 10 l-JIf-f
Sample screen display of Funky Monkey program.
Listing. Funky Monkey program for the unexpanded VIC-20.
SPACES} A
HEA
PRINT""
REM: FUNKY MONKEY
POKE36869,240
PRINTCHRSI 1 47 )CHR$ ( 28 >TAB ( 97 ) "XXXX
PRINTCHR$(31 )TAB(23)"FUNKY MONKEY SPELLS { 5
WORD"
PRINTTAB(23)"SOME ARE ONES YOU ' VE { 4 SPACES } NEVER
RD"
PRINTTAB(23)"BEAT HIM SPELLING {7 SPACES} IF YOU CAN
PRINTTAB<23)"AND PUT BANANAS IN (6 SPACES } YOUR PAN!"
PRINTCHR$(28)TAB<31 )"XXXX
FORT=1TO2000:NEXT
POKE52 , 28 : POKE56 , 28 : CLR
FORI=71 68T07679 :POKEI,PEEK( 1+25600 ) :NEXT
READA:IFA<0THEN3 40
FORC=ATOA+ 7 : READ J : POKEC , J : NEXT
GOTOI 30
DATA751 2,0, 0,0 ,0,0,1 ,10,22
DATA7528,0,31 ,32,64,128,0,0,1
DATA7392,0,128,64,32,32,32,64,128
DATA7 168,18,18,18,19,11,7,3,15
DATA7504,31 , 1 27 ,255 , 255 , 221 , 8 , ,0
DATA7408,0,128,192,192,192,192,128,224
DATA7384,18, 34, 34,35,19,18,10, 6
230 DATA7400,102,102,127,129,20,20,0,0
240 DATA7656,144,144,136,136,144,80,96,64
DATA76 48,2,2,2,1 ,1 ,0,0,0
DATA7664,1 29 ,66,60, 24, 1,194,60,0
DATA7544,64, 64,64, 128,0,0,0,0
DATA741 6, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
DATA7 488 ,255, 2 55, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0
DATA74 48,32,112,63,31 ,31 ,15,15,7
DATA74 56, 0,0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
DATA74 64, 0,0, 252, 2 54, 2 54, 252, 2 48, 2 40
DATA - 1
P=1000:FS=0:YS=0:POKE36869,2S5
PRINTCHR$<147>CHR${28)"(7 LEFT ARROWS } "
FORT=lT06: PRINT" {LEFT ARROW} "SPC( 5 )"{ LEFT ARROW}" :N
EXT
PRINT" {7 LEFT ARROWS)"
C$="+-{LB.][CRSR DN}{3 CRSR LFs)@*(UP ARROW) {CRSR D
N}{3 CRSR LFs}[j={CRSR DN } ( 3 CRSR LFs}<>/"
PRINTCHRS ( 1 9 ) CHRS ( 1 4 4 )TAB ( 46 ) C$
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
Circla 248 on Roador Service card.
390
VIC-20/ C-64
MFJ-1237
Tiny 2MxZWx1 in
300 baud
Direct Connect
Originate/ Answer • Full
Duplex • Carrier detect LED
World's lowest cost modem. High performance
Texas Instrument single chip modem design.
Works for both VIC-20 and Commodore 54.
Plugs Into user's port, Use with single or multi-
line phones. Plugs into telephone base.
300 baud. Direct connect Originate/answer.
Full duplex. Carrier detect LED. Crystal controlled.
Powered by computer. Aluminum enclosure.
Includes Basic listing cf Terminal Program.
Terminal Program available on tape, $4.95 and
cartridge, $19.95. Specify VIC-20 or C-64.
Save VIC-20
Cartridge Programs
on tape
MFJ-1256
$OQB
39 s
Adapter board
lets you save VIC-20
ridge programs on cassette tape and run them
using 8K RAM board. Provides cartridge backup,
eliminates plugging and unplugging cartridges
and turning VIC-20 on and off.
Includes adapter beard that plugs Into expan-
sion port and software to save and run cartridge
programs on cassette tape. Requires 8K RAM
board (not included).
RS-232 Interface for
VIC-20 /Cr64
MFJ-1238
*39 95
Provides RS-232
voltage conversion for
VIC-20/C-64 serial port. Use ^J^
HS-232 printers, modems, speech synthesizers
and other RS-232 peripherals. Switcn reverses
transmit/receive lines for DTE or 00 E operation.
Use as null modem. Standard 25 pin RS-232 con-
nector. Plugs into user's port. Powered by com-
puter. 2'/<x2'/< inches.
VIC-20 Capacitance Meter
Measure 100 pi to 100 Mid. MFJ-1258
Includes calibration capacitor, AHMnr
software on tape and hardware 5 /H
interface. fc*#
Order from MFJ and try It. If not delighted,
return within 30 days for refund (less shipping).
One year unconditional guarantee.
Order yours today. Call toll tree 800-647-1800.
Charge VISA. MC. Or mall check, money order.
Add $4,00 each for shipping and handling.
CALL TOLL FREE . . . BOO-647-1800
Call 601-323-5869 in MS. outside continental USA.
ENTERPRISES
INCORPORATED
921 Louisville Read, Starkvllle, MS 39759
RUN April 1984 / 59
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10 r-
Computa-Law
Legal Agreements*
For Your
COMMODORE 64
VIC20H6K)
IBMPC&(Jr)
Jus! answer the questions & your
computer & printer does the rest!
Simpta Will
Agreement of Sala BbbI Eftflt*
Agreemnnt of Sale - Goods
LnnM RfltidamiBi
Lci,ii* - Comnnarcial
Po^vtr of Anornay
Emplovrnent Contract
Promiuorv Nota
ParCnarihlp Agrsamani
Computir Software Contract
Compiurtar Hardware Contract
Pre-Nuptial Agraamant
Separation Agreement
Construction Contract
General Release
For informational purposes only
not intended is a subititu ta for legal advise.
Guaranteed to work on your printer.
Si 9.95 Each Program (Caiierte}
$24.95 Each Program (Diikl
Add $1. 50 pottage & handling^
65 Ottier Buiiness Si Home Programs
.silo available
FREE CATALOG
LEGAL BYTE SOFTWARE
Box 579, Gwynodcf Valley, PA 19*37
(215) 643-7666 (609) (124-6485 J
a
Circle 161 on Reader Scr wee card
60 / RUN April 1084
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PERSONAL PERIPHERAL
PRODUCTS presents
SMOOTHTALKER™
VIC- 20
COM-64
IT WILL TALK YOUR EARS OFFI!
Low Cost « Easy To Uib • High Quality
Sp««ch lor Your VIC-20 or Commodor* 64
• Unlimited vocabulary
» Exclusive exception dictionary allows you to customize words
■ 4 levels ot inflection allows you to nave multi-voice conversations
• SAY command works just like a PRINT STATEMENT bul it also TALKS
• Works with Speakeasy to give you crisp, clear, easy to usa speech.
Introductory Pricing
Smoolhtalker 64 |Wg|
Smoolhtalker 20 J 19.95
Talking Pnnl (automatically talks existing print statements) . . . ;
Speakeasy
S59.00
JimBKvanj . , • • ... c
C-64 Adapter ■ S1ZS =
VIC-20 RAM Sale
8K
16K
3 Slot Switched & Fused
C-64 4 Slot (non-bullered)
Add $2.00 shippmgmandhng
$19,95
34,95
19.95
34.95
Ais.mblwl
$24.95
39.95
24.95
39.95
PERSONAL PERIPHERAL PRODUCTS
_mi P BOX 3432 • FOX VALLEY MALL
!^j AURORA, It- 60505 • (312) 961-2347
COM** & VlC-20 IS A TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE
Circle 199 on Reader Service card.
E3
Circle ea on Reader Service card.
SAUCER ATTACK V
HAVE YOU
EVER SEEN
ANYTHING
LIKE THIS
ON YOUR
Commodore 64
SCREEN ?
seen ; Jlinrs D UNCOl t
ACTUAL SCREEN PHOTO
Finally - An action game that takes full advantage
ot the astounding capabilities packed Into your
Commodore 64. Breathtaking, high -resolution
color graphics and rich sound effects highlight
the action as you defend the nation's copltal
against an alien Invasion, Attention to detail is
incredible. The saucers rotate, the clouds light
up during explosions, the stars come out at night
-even the flag waves! THIS ONE IS DIFFERENT !
$2952 plus $2QS shipping. Disk or Tope. ,*•£-?■.?,
MAIL TO
NAME
SACHS ENTERPRISES, Box 1182
Lake Arrowhead, CA 92352
ADDR.
CITY
STATE/ZIP
dlskP
tapoD
Business/Home
Form Generator Input, calculate, and fill in the blanks
You can use your existing forms or create your own right on the screen. Applications include all types ot
business forms, invoices, vouchers, statements, and labels. FORM GENERATOR lets you set up a master
which you can use to generate completed forms. Anytime you wish to print out a form, simply load in the
master and run. FORM GENERATOR will ask you for the fill-in information needed to complete the form.
Next, it will calculate and fill in the blanks. You can then print or save your completed form. It's that easy.
You'll be amazed at the time you save and the professional look ot your forms.
Requirements: Commodore 1525. 1526 or compatible Features labels and formulas: add. subtract, multiply, divide
p nn ter. automatic information prompting
16K memory expander recommended default input values
on the VIC 20. ,lxecl decimal number formatting
repeat sequences (a must for invoicing)
Commodore 64A/IC 20+BK multiple copy printing
(suggested retail: $29.95)*
Home-CalC The lowest priced, easiest to use spreadsheet
Spreadsheets are one of the most popular programs and have many applications in the home: tnvestments,
payment schedules, home finances, car expenses, and more. The easy reading manual, simple
instructions and easy-to-execute commands make setting up a spreadsheet a snap. HOME-CALC doesn t
confuse you with lots of fancy functions and commands. A beginnercan have a home budget sheet working
in an hour If you're more sophisticated and want to use it in your business that's okay too. HOME-CALC is
ready to handle "what if?, how much?, and bottom line" calculations. Load, save, and print spreadsheets.
Features: sum, replicate, reticulata Requirements: Commodore 1525. 15Z6 or compatible printer
title and formula capability
add, subtract, multiply, and divide
selectable column width and number formats
machine language speed
Commodore 64
(suggested retail: S24.95)*
To Order: call or write.
Visa'Maslercard accepted, add St. 50 COD add St SO
All ordors must Include 12.00 shipping
PA 4 NJ residents add 6*. sales tan
slm
COMPUTER PRODUCTS INC.
Lee Park Ollico Complex
1100 East Hector Street
Whitemarsh, PA 19428
(215)825-4250
■ (■»=■■» quoted ir* lor cittttta vtnlorn only. Add 15.00 tor rfltk.
Commodore 64 and VIC 20 are trademarks ol Commodore Electronic* Lid.
This timely program teaches
children how to tell time. The
object in this cute educational
game is to stop the hands of the
clock to match the time printed
on the screen.
RUN It Right
Unexpanded VIC-20
Commodore 64
Address author correspondence to
Dennis G. Smith, 255 Highfteld Road,
Marshall, MI 49068.
62 / RUN April 1084
Teachers or parents can use this pro-
gram to teach children how to tell time.
It is presented in the form of a game; the
child wins if he can stop the clock's
hands at the correct time three times.
The program was written for the unex-
panded VIC; the Commodore 64 ver-
sion is also included.
The program begins with a time dia-
gram of a clock that shows how the
hour numerals correspond to five-min-
ute intervals. This diagram will flash to
the screen for reference if the child
misses three consecutive times.
Also, this screen asks if the child
wishes directions. If no directions are
needed, random times will be generated
under the same difficulty option as pre-
viously chosen. If the child initially by-
passes directions and difficulty selec-
tion, then the simplest difficulty option
is automatically exercised.
The directions are simple: Try to stop
the clock when the hands match the
printed time. You win with three right.
The clock's hands move, tick-tock
around the clock, automatically. They
can be hurried along by using two of the
special function keys; the f 1 key moves
the hour hand faster, and the f3 key
moves the minute hand faster. This en-
ables the child to get the hands in ap-
proximate position without having to
wail.
To best operate the function keys, the
child should press the key once after
each tick-tock. This prevents unex-
pected hand jumps.
Moving the hour hand to the hour be-
fore the posted time is another hint that
works well. The minute hand can then
be used to get even closer.
I suggest letting the clock tick-tock
automatically into final position. The f7
is shown as the key for starting and
stopping the clock. Actually, however,
the f'5 or any other regular key will work
as well.
Each time the clock screen appears, a
randomly generated time is printed in
the upper corner. There are three levels
of difficulty. Level one only generates
on-the-hour times (1:00, 2:00, 3:00,
etc.). Half-hour times are included in
level two (4:30, 5:30, 6:30, etc.). Level
three prints times chosen as five-minute
multiples after the hour (7:35, 8:15,
9:10, etc).
When the clock is stopped, the pro-
gram evaluates the correspondence be-
tween the hand positions and the
printed time. If the relationship is cor-
rect, then the clock alarm rings and
"yes" is printed along with the number
correct, so far. When three correct is
achieved, a siren sounds, and the child
can change difficulty levels or quit the
program.
The Commodore 64 version is a little
longer, but the program format is iden-
tical (screen and sound functions re-
quire more Pokes).
I hope this program will provide as
enjoyable a learning experience for
other kids as it has for my own
daughters. If you want the program,
but do not wish to type it, send me your
name, address and $5 (to cover the tape
cost, postage and my trouble), and I will
send you a cassette of whichever version
you request. El
Time Waits for
No Man (or Child)
By Dennis G. Smith
Listing J. Stop the Clock program for the VIC-20.
REM STOP THE CLOCK „„„
1 L$="782678 4979 15800380248020801 77994 79067840781 97822
2 LH$="78277871 7981 80258023801 8801 679727862781 878207825
tl
3 IH$="+21 78+21 78-2377-2377-2377-21 7 8-21 78-21 78+2377+23
4 IP$. W +21 78+21 78-01 64 -23 77 -2377 -2266 -21 78-21 78+01 67 +23
t n ^ T" t T" o *y £^ f* "
5 B $="777877847807791 78049807080648059BG36790477947773"
6 CO=30720:V=36878: SI = 36874 :S2=36875: 33=36876 :SC=36879:
POKEV,15
10 POKESC, 174: PRINT" {SHFT CLR H 5 CRSR RTsHCTRL 9 TIME
DIAGRAM [CTRL 0} " : PRINT" {CRSR DNl " ; SPC< 8 ) ;"00" :PRIN
T"(6 SPACES) (5 COMD @s} 5"
15 PRINT" {3 SPACES) 55 {SHFT N){2 SPACES } 1 2 { SPACE} {SHFT M
}"'PRINT"{4 SPACES} (SHFT N)11(3 SPACES ) 1 ( SPACE} { SH
Ft'mH SPACE) 10" : PRINT" 50 { SHFT N}(9 SPACES) {SHFT
Ml"
20 PRINT" {2 SPACES) {COMD Ml 10 CLOCK 2 {COMD G) ": PRINT" {
2 SPACEsHCOMD M) " ; SPC( 1 1 ) ; " {COMD G)"
25 PRINT"45{COMD M}9{2 SPACEsHSHFT Q}{SHFT *){COMD +){
4 SPACES) 3 {COMD G} 1 5" : PRINT" { 2 SPACES }{ COMD M){5 S
PACES} {SHFT -}{5 SPACES } {COMD G}"
30 PRINT" {2 SPACES) {COMD M} 8{3 SPACES) {SHFT -}{3 SPACE
s)4 {COMD G} ": PRINT" (SPACE) 40 {SHFT M}{4 SPACES ) { SH
FT -}{4 SPACES) (SHFT N)20"
35 PRINT" (4 SPACES} (SHFT M) 7 (SHFT Q} 5 (SHFT N}":PRIN
T"{3 SPACES} 35 {SHFT MX 2 SPACEs}6{2 SPACES }{ SHFT N
}25"
40 PRINT"{6 SPACES} {5 COMD Ts } " : PRINTTAB( 7 > "30"
45 PRINT" [CRSR DN){4 SPACEs )TIME= 9:30"
IMoti
RUN April 1984 / 63
Circle 175 on Reader Service card
Super
Software
Specials!
For Commodore 64
SI. 00 credit for phone orders over SI 00
GAMES
Aerobics
Blue Max D.C
Castle Wollenstem
Chess (Odesta)
Choplitler X
Comhal Leader D
Computer Baseball D
Congo Bongo X
David's Midnight Magic
Infidel D
Lode Runner D
Pacman X
Pitstop .X
Popeye X
Pooyan D
Prelector II DC
O'Bert X
Quesl For Tires D
Ringside Seal . . D
Robotron: 2084 X
Sargon II o,C
Shamus-case II ... . , . D,C
Spaie Change,
Star League Baseball . , D
Star Trek X
Suspended D
Temple of Apshat D,C
Trains D
Zork 1, 2, or 3 D
LIST
SPECIAL
44 95
■ 32.26
34.95
■ 24.86
29.95
• 21.66
6995
50.76
39.95
• 28.56
39.95
28.56
3995
28.56
3995
28.56
34 95
24,86
49,95
35.96
34.95
24. B6
44.95
37.19
40 00
2856
49.95
35.96
29.95
21.66
3495
24 86
49,95
35.96
34.95
24.86
39 95
28,56
44.95
37.19
34.95
24.86
34.95
24.86
34.95
24,86
31.95
22,64
39 95
2B.56
49.95
35.96
4000
28.56
39.95
28.56
39.95
28.56
Ask for FREE price list
Educators: ask lor special educational calalog
EOUCATIONAL
Alligator Mix X 34.00
Delta Draw X 39.95
Dungeon ol Algebra Dragon . . D.C 24.95
Master Type , D 39 95
Math Blaster! D 49.95
SAT (Harcourt Brace) D 79.95
SAT (Krell) D 299.95
Speed fleader II D 5995
Turtle Toyland Jr DC 39*95
Typing TulorMord invaders . . D 24.95
BUSINESS
Bank Slreet Wrtler D
Clone Machine wWnguard . . . D
Homeword D
Home Accountani d
Multipart D
Script 6^Scratch Pad ,.'.'.'.'. D
The Money Manager d
Wordpro 3 +/and Spellrighl . . D
Hes Modem
Koala Pad
Maxell Disks n oi
HARDWARE
69.95
49.95
69.95
74.95
99.95
99.95
24.95
99.95
69.95
99.95
51.00
24 16
28.56
17.96
2856
35.96
58.16
25296
50.76
28.56
17 96
50.76
35.96
50.76
54.46
71.96
71.96
17 96
71,96
50.76
71.96
29 50
Please specify format
c = cassette d = disk x = cartridge
& J A&
COO • MO. « Cerl. Chucks • School 1
• VIS* • M«leiCli[f • Clwcks UJM 1 Wctkj
• K.Y S fit!. AM Sites tit « US Orflttj
Undsi t150 AM JI 00 Pi H • Jill Ciauitn
OS Fumts t] 00 P 4 H • Fort^D Crarges Oily
Mm !>•■<!:-:
'/£Ct %
Box 525, Dept. 40
East Setauket, N.Y. 11733
(516) 751-2535
Screen display ofchvkface.
Listing 1 continued,
50 PRINT"{CRSR DN} PRESS ' F7 ', START GAME" ;: PRINT"QR "D"
, DIRECTIONS."
55 GETS$:IFS$=""THEN55
56 IFS$="D"THEN58
57 GOTO200
58 PRINT" [SHFT CLR ) { 4 SPACES )< CTRL 9) (CTRL 3) DIRECTIONS
(CTRL OH CTRL 7} " : PRINT" { CRSR DN] TRY TO STOP THE
CLOCK" ;
65 PRINT"WHEN THE HANDS MATCH" : PRINT M THE PRINTED TIME."
70 PRINT" YOU WIN WITH 3 RIGHT."
75 PRINT" {CTRL 9}CONTROL KEYS{CTRL 0) ": PRINT" 'F1 ' MOVES
LITTLE HAND";
80 PRINT" 'F3' MOVES BIG HAND"
85 PRINT'" F7' STOPS CLOCK"
87 PRINT" {3 CRSR DNs } {PRESS ANY KEY.)"
90 GETS$:IFS$=""THEN90
150 PRINT" (SHFT CLR J {CRSR DN){CTRL 9} PROBLEM DIFFICULTY
{CTRL 0}"
155 PRINT" {CRSR DN}(1) HOUR {2 CRSR DNs } ( 2 ) HOURS & 1/2-
HOURS"
160 PRINT" {CRSR DN } ( 3 ] 5-MIN. INTERVALS"
165 PRINT" {2 CRSR DNs) PRESS 1,2, OR 3 .": PRINT" {CRSR DN
} PRESS 'Q' TO QUIT."
170 GETD$:IFD$=""THEN170
173 IFD$="Q"THENPOKEV,0tPOKESC,27:PRINT"{SHFT CLR]":END
175 D=VAL{D$)
180 IFD>3ORD<1THEN170
200 PRINT" {SHFT CLR]":R=0:W=0:PQKESC,159
210 PRINT" {4 CRSR RTs}(14 COMD |sj"
211 PRINT" {2 CRSR RTs){CTRL 9} {SHFT LB.J{CT
B.}11{4 CRSR RTs)12{5 CRSR RTs] 1 (SHFT
212 PRINT" {CRSR RTJICTRL 9} {SHFT LB . J { CTRL
";SPC[16];"(SHFT M} "
213 PRINT" (CRSR RTHCTRL
2 [COMD G}"
214 PRINT" {CRSR RTHCTRL
OMD G}": PRINT" {CRSR
C<18];"{COMD G) "; PRINT" {CRSR RTHCTRL
RL 0}";SPC(18);"{COMD G}"
215 PRINT" {CRSR RT}(CTRL 9} { SPACE }( CTRL 0}"
OMD G}":PRINT"(CRSR RT){CTRL 9 H SPACE)
(18) ;"{COMD G}"
216 PRINT" (CRSR RTHCTRL 9 }{ SPACE }( CTRL 0}9
{CTRL 9) {2 SPACES }{ CTRL 0){7 CRSR RTs )
'RL 0) {SHFT L
Ml"
0}{ SHFT LB.)
9}{SPACE}{CTRL 0}10";SPC(15};"
9 }( SPACE} (CTRL 0}"
RTHCTRL 9 J{ SPACE]
;SPC(18) ;"(C
{CTRL Q]";SP
9} (SPACEHCT
;SPC(18);"(C
(CTRL 0}"SPC
(7 CRSR RTs]
3 {COMD G)"
(£*»2. — *
64 / RUN April 1984
C<rcle 480 on Reader Service card.
Send Ibur Child
on the Rainbow Quest
Fiction, Fantasy, and Computer Adventure
for the Commodore 64
Rainbow Quest will take your
_ child on a space adventure of
the future. The planet Rainbow is a
faraway land of ancient and mysterious
cities, mazes, and puzzling events for
young readers to discover. Rain-
bow Quest by Richard Ramella is
a book-and-cassette adventure for
the Commodore 64. Children
read and play along as Molly
and Sam meet pirates, robots,
and strange creatures as they
make their way across the
planet Rainbow. To reach
their goal, they must
survive on their own and
face the challenges they
meet along the way. fjffi_
Readers will help Molly and Sam fin
their way through dark and confusing
mazes, solve word and number puzzles,
and conquer invaders
Each obstacle they meet is a program,
on the Rainbow Quest cassette,
ready to load and run.
Rainbow Quest has 25 programs in
all. Book and cassette are sold
together in a protective storage
binder with complete instructions.
Each Rainbow Quest package for
the Commodore 64 is $24.97.
To order Rainbow Quest, call toll-
free for credit card orders,
1-800-258-5473. (In New
Hampshire, call 924-9471.)
Or mail your order with payment
or complete credit card information
to: Wayne Green Inc., Attn. Book
Sales, Peterborough, NH 03458.
Rainbow Quest by Richard Ramella
Illustrated by Coni Porter
ISBN 0-88006-069-7 BK7401
7 by 9 book, cassette of 25 programs
softcover, spiral-bound, 128 pp.
Orders are payable in US dollars only.
\VG Books are available in your local
_ bookstore. ^ — mmm
Color my child's imagination!
Send me copies of Rainbow Quest for the
pmmodore 64 (BK7401) at $24.97 per package.
(Include $2.00 per package for
shipping and handling.) D Payment Enclosed
□ MasterCard □ VISA □ AMEX
J
_MCBank/_
_Exp. datt_
Signature
.Stae_
Wayne Green Books, Pctwboraunli, NH 03458
2ip_
344 B3Q
i icp r\rnt>r tnrm
on Reader Service Card.
ANNOUNCING
the premiere of
Learning to use your IBM PCjr becomes easy
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Circle 156 on Reader Service card.
COLOR PROBLEMS?
One ol Out Four Hew
Products will Solve Them!
You're not alone. Thousands of Com-
modore 64 owners have "fuzzy'' color on
Iheir TV, Most have interference lines
crowding out their great graphics. Many
have bought expensive monitors or new
TVs, and often even that hasn't helped
But, most ol us just lived with the problem.
Now the engineers at Byles & Pieces
have four simple, inexpensive solutions
It you have an "old 64" (with the 5 pin
Monitor Din Plug), you've probably had
color, resolution and interference
problems We can solve them!
ITho Interference Stopper A new
■ kit that installs in minutes with two
simple solder connections. Best
^rtV re suits when combined with *2. 3,
't^^oc4 below, Absolutely stops 90% ol
the RF interference on your screen.
$15.95
The Color Sharpener Use il youi
"old 64" is hooked up fo a TV. Just
plug into the monitor plug, and the
color and contrast immediately im-
prove. Dramatically. Crisp letters.
Great graphics. gift OR
The NEW Color Sharpener
CABLE. . .Use 11 your "old 64" is
hooked up to a monitor. A new 2
prong cable, with the Color Sharp-
ener built in All the benefits ol *2.
on your monitor. S24 95
4 The Monitor "Improver" 11 you
■ have a Commodore 1701 monitor,
this cable (3 prong) gives you a pic-
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the cable Commodore built by
a lot. Try it. you won't be disap-
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to the 1702.) S24 95
_ The Beset Switch . . . Here it is, a
5„ Reset Switch for Vic or Commodore,
^et back into control of a "Hung-Up"
'^program. Resets all pointers. Easy
« i&^g two solder connection installation.
Every computer should have one
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DUST PROBLEMS?
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it 524.95
The Monitor
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tit 59 95
Computer Dusl
Cover 59.95
1541 Disk Dust
Cover M S695
Datasot Dust
Cover U S795
2.QO
Shipping & Handling
5% State Tax
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TOTAL S -
□ Check or Money Order enclosed
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Name
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RUN April 1984 / 69
Program of the Month —
Disk Editor 64
You don't need divine inter-
vention to resurrect mur-
dered files. All you need is this
full-screen track and sector disk
editor for the C-64 and 1541 disk
drive.
By Christopher Lampton
RUN It Right
Commodore 64
V1C-1541 disk drive
Address author correspondence to
Christopher Lampion, 8317 14th Ave.,
Apt. 201, HyattmBe, MD 20783.
70 / RUN April 1IJS4
It was one of those moments when I
wanted to pitch the computer out of my
apartment window for the sheer joy of
seeing it break into tiny plastic pebbles
on the pavement two floors below.
Never mind that what had happened
was my own stupidity; the computer
hadn't made any attempt to stop me.
1 had just deleted my only two copies
of a program I had worked on for five
solid days. Don't ask me why I did it;
my brain must have been on automatic
pilot. When I loaded and listed the disk
directory to look for my program, it
just wasn't there anymore. I began to
panic.
But then 1 stopped to think. Deleting
a file doesn't destroy it, I reminded my-
self. The physical records are still on the
disk. Only the entry in the disk director}'
has been changed. If it could be changed
back again, ihc Hie could be re-
stored — as long as I didn't save any new
programs on that disk.
Calmly, I extracted the disk from the
drive, put it in a safe place and format-
ted a new one to take iis place. A few
minutes of thumbing through the 1541
disk drive manual told me what I needed
to know: a single byte of data in the disk
directory makes the difference between
a living and a dead Tile. If I could
change that byte back to the correct
value, the file would magically reappear.
The question was how to get this byte
off the disk, change it and put it back
again. The disk commands Read-Block
and Write-Block (or, alternatively,
USER! and USER2) could be used to
get the relevant disk block out and back
again. Making a change in that block,
however, was someihing else.
It was clear that I needed a rather
elaborate disk editor program. A quick
check of my back issues of computer
magazines made it obvious that I would
have to write it myself.
The accompanying program listing is
the fruit of my effort. Disk Editor 64 is
a full-screen track-and-sector editor for
Commodore 64 computers with 1541
disk drives. It allows you to call up any
track and sector of a disk — a block, in
Commodore parlance — modify it and
put it back on the disk. It also allows
you to scrap unrecorded modifications
at any time and start again from
scratch; a necessity, if you're having a
day like the one 1 was having.
Did 1 save my file? Of course I did.
How could 1 write programs like this if
my computer were a pile of plastic peb-
bles?
Disk Geography
Formatting a disk divides its surface
into a series of tracks, concentric mag-
netic rings on which magnetically en-
coded information can be recorded,
and sectors, or segments of those rings.
The information stored in one sector of
a single track is called a block.
A block, which can contain up to 256
bytes of information, is the smallest
unit in which you can store data on a
disk. A logical sequence of blocks, con-
taining a single program, or a series of
records, or whatever, is called a file.
The blocks that make up the file are not
necessarily in order, but the Commo-
dore disk operating system (DOS) treats
them as though they were.
When you load a program from disk,
the DOS consults the directory on that
disk, finds out in which block that par-
ticular file begins and proceeds to
transfer each block of the file, in its
proper sequence, into the computer's
64KlntVIC 20
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Enough programming power to rival any Home
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The power hungry programmer can also add
more memory. Each of SELECT- A- RAM's two
expansion slots will accept any amount of memory
from 3K to 128K.
SELECT A RAM's powerful expansion capabilities
are made possible by a technique we call Soft
Select. Soft 5elect allows your VIC 20 to perform
many sophisticated functions not possible with
other memory expansion devices, ie., disk drive
emulation, printer spooling, simultaneous and
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of our soon to be released packages).
Bring the power of memory to your VIC 20
with SELECT A- RAM.
Call or write for additional information and the
dealer nearest you. Direct orders accepted.
DEALERS INQUIRIES INVITED
Vit 20 is a Trade Mark of Commodore Electronics Limited
.SELECT ARAM
b4K Memory
Two Expansion Slots
Write Protection
Reset Switch
Expandable with 64K and 128K Modules
Soft Select Control
Compatible with All Program Cartridges
m-\<\ Hardware Devices
Provision for Optional External Power
One Year Limited Warranty
Distributed in Canada bv
PAX SOFTWARE
M> Hanson Road, Unit 133 Mississauga, Ontario L5IS 2P6
[416] 270-2639
ADVANCEP-PROCESSOR-SYSTEMS
p.O Box 43006, Austin, TX., 78745-0001, [512) 282-8222
Circle 140 on Reader Service card.
RUN April 1984 /71
Track*
High Sector «
1 - 17
20
18-24
18
25-30
17
31 -35
16
Fig. 1. Sectors per (rack.
memory, as though the program had
been stored as a single, consecutive unit.
The blocks within a file arc always iden-
tified, in the directory and elsewhere, by
their track and sector numbers, I'll dis-
cuss this in more detail later.
When you run Disk Editor 64, it will
prompt you for a track number. On the
1541 drive, this is any number between 1
and 35. You will then be prompted to
supply a sector number. This is any
number from to the highest sector
number for that particular track. Fig, I
shows the number of sectors on each
track.
You may respond to the prompt with
either decimal or hexadecimal numbers
in the allowed range. (Hexadecimal
numbers are identified by a leading dol-
lar sign ($),) Numbers outside of the al-
lowed range will not be accepted.
If you choose, say, track 10 and sec-
tor 4, the legend READING TRACK
10 SECTOR 4 PART 1 will appear on
the screen. (The "PART 1" refers to
the fact that only half— 128 bytes— of a
block is shown on the screen at one
time,) The contents of the block with
that track and sector number will be dis-
played below the legend in both hexa-
decimal and ASCII.
When the display is complete, an un-
blinking cursor will appear in the upper
left-hand corner of the hex dump, com-
pletely covering the first pair of hexa-
decimal digits. You can move this cur-
sor with the normal cursor control keys
and place it over any pair of hex digits
that you want to change. You then sim-
ply type the new digits.
Note that you must change two digits
at a time. That is, once you have typed a
single hex digit, you must type the sec-
ond digit in that pair before the cursor
can be moved again. This may sound
awkward, but you'll get used to it
quickly enough.
Incidentally, the ASCII display is not
updated when a change is made. You
have to reload the block later, after edit-
ing is complete, to see your changes re-
flected in ASCII format.
Once you've finished making any
changes in Part 1 of the block, press the
return key; the block will be recorded,
72 / RUN April 1984
in its new form, back to the disk, and
the screen will display Part 2. When you
finish with Part 2, press the return key
again; the block will be recorded, and
you'll automatically be advanced to the
next block in numerical sequence
(rather than to the next block of the
file).
Note that no changes are recorded to
the disk until the return key is pressed.
If, at any time prior to pressing Return,
you should decide not to record the
changes you've made, press the up-ar-
row key. (This is the key with the up-ar-
row character on it, not the up-cursor
key.) The screen will clear, your changes
will vanish, and you'll be prompted for
a new track and sector.
Of course, you can also use Disk
Editor 64 to read through and examine
the tracks and sectors of the disk, with-
out making any changes. Pressing the
return key always advances you to the
next sector (and the next track, if you're
at the end of one), or to the second part
of the current sector.
Listing. The Disk Editor 64 program.
REM *********************************
1 REM * *
2 REM * EDITOR 64 *
3 REM * *
4 REM * BY *
5 REM * *
6 REM * CHRIS LAMPTON *
7 REM * *
8 REM *********************************
9 REM
10 DIMS%(35),B$(1 ):PRINTCHR$(147)CHRS(151 ) ; : POKE53280 , 1
:POKE53281 ,1 :GOSUB680
20 OPEN15,8,15;OPEN5,8,5,"#"
30 PRINTCHR$(147>; :N = 11 ;CH=1 7 :GOSUB700 :N=3 :CH=29: GOSUB7
00:PRINT"TRACK"; : INPUTTS
35 N=3:CH=29:GOSUB700:PRINT"SECTOR"; : INPUTS? : X=0 :TF=0:S
F =
40 IFLEFT$(T$,1 ) ="S"THENHX$=T$:GOSUB480 : T=DC:TF=1
50 IFLEFT$(S$,1 ) ="$ M THENHXS=S$ :GOSUB480 :S=DC:SF=1
60 IFSF=0THENS=VAL(S$)
70 IFTF=0THENT=VAL(T$)
80 IFT<1ORT>35THEN30
90 IFS<0ORS>S%<T}THEN30
100 GOSUB350
HO PRINTCHR$(19>; :N = 5 :CH = 1 7 :GOSUB70 :N = 6 : CH = 29 : GOSUB70
0:C=0:L=0
120 PRINTCHR$(18)CHR$(32>CHR$<32)CHR$<146)CHR$(157>CHR$
(157);
125 DC=ASC(MID$(B$(X),L*8+C+2,1 )+CHR$(0) ) :GOSUB450
130 GETK$:IFK£=""THEN130
140 IFK$ = CHR$(29)TI1EN230
150 IFK$=CHR$(17}THEH260
160 IFK$=CHR$(145)THEN290
170 IFK$=CHR$(157)THEN320
180 IFK$=CHR$(13)THEN590
190 IF{K$=>"0"ANDK$=<"9")OR(K$=>"A"ANDK$=<"F")THEN530
200 IFK$=CHR$(94)THEN30
210 IFK$=CHR$(133)THENPRINT"[SHFT CLR } " ; : PRINT"EDITING
TERMINATED" : CLOSE! 5 : CLOSE5 : EMD
220 GOTO130
230 PRINTHX$CHR$(29);:C=C+1 ; IFC<8THEN1 20
240 N=16:CH=29:GOSUB700:L=L+1 :C=0 :IFL< 1 6THEN1 20
250 GOTO110
260 PRINTHX$CHR$(157)CHR$(157)CHR$(17) ;:L=L+1 :IFL<16THE
N120
270 PRINTCHR$(19) ; :N=5:CH=1 7 :GOSUB700 :N=6 :CH=29 :GOSUB70
275 IFC>0THENFORJ=1TOC*3:PRINTCHR$(29) ; :NEXT
280 L=0:GOTO120
290 PRINTHX$CHR$(157)CHR$(157)CHR$(145); :L = L-1 :IFL=>0TH
EN1 20
300 FRINTCHR$(19); :N=20 :CH=1 7 :GOSUB700 :N=6 :CH=29 :GOSUB7
00
305 IFOOTHENFORJ=1TOC*3:PRINTCHR$(29J; :NEXT __
fe« — *
Pressing the up-arrow key will al-
ways return you to the track and sector
prompt. Alternatively, pressing the FI
key will terminate the program, close all
files, and return you to the Basic imme-
diate mode.
A word of warning: If you type this
program from the accompanying list-
ing, don't try it out on a good disk. In
fact, you'd best format a new disk just
for the occasion and create some dum-
my files to work with. A single typo in
the program could cause Disk Editor 64
Circle 260 on Reader Sernce card.
to destroy an entire block. And if that
block happens to contain the disk di-
rectory header, it could cause all the
files on the disk to be discarded.
To guard against this, proofread the
program carefully and then use it to
make a few minor changes in an unused
block. (Unused blocks are usually filled
with hexadecimal 01s.) Record these
changes to the disk, advancing to the
next block, then hit the up-arrow key
and go back and look at the first block
again.
Listing continued.
310 L=15:GOTO120
320 PRINTHX$;:N=5:CH=157:GOSUB700:C=C-1 : IPC* >0THEN1 20
330 C=7:L=L-1 :N=16:CH=157:GOSUB700:IFL=>0THEN120
340 L=15:PRINTCHR$(19) ; :N=20:CH=1 7:GOSUB700:N=27:CH=29:
GQSUB700:GOTO120
350 PRINTCHR$(147)CHR$(17>"READING 'TRACK"T" SECTOR'S" P
ART"X+1 :N=3
355 CH=17:GOSUB700
360 B$(X)="":PRINT#15,"U1 :"5;0;T;S
365 PRINT#15,"B-P:"5,0
370 IFX=1THENFORI=1TO128:GET#5,A$:NEXT:GOTO3 80
375 B$(1 )=""
380 FORJ=0TO15:DC=J*8+128*X:GOSUB450:PRINT"00 M HX$"(2 SP
ACEs}" ; :FORK=0TO7
390 GET#5,A$:A$=CHR$(ASC(A$+CHR$(0) ) ) : BS ( X ) =B$ (X ) +A$
400 DC=ASC(A$);GOSUB450:PRINTHX$"{SPACE}";:NEXT:PRINT"{
SPACE}"; JFORK=OT07
41 DC=ASC(MID$(B$(X) ,J*8+K+1 ,1 )+CHR$(0) )
420 IF(DC>32ANDDC<128)ORDC>159THENPRINTCHR$(DC) ; :G0TO44
430 PRINT".";
440 NEXT: PRINT :NEXT:B$(X)= M {SPACE )"+B$(X)+" (SPACE) " : RET
URN
450 D1=INT(DC/16>:D2=DC-D1*16
460 HX$=CHR$(D1+48-7*(D1 >9) )+CHR$( D2+48-7*( D2> 9 ) ) :RETUR
N „ „
470 HX$=RIGHT$(HX$,LEN(HX$)-1 ) : IFLEN< HX$ ) =OTHENHX$="00"
480 IFLEN< HX$ ) =1 THENHX$="0"+HXS
490 IFLEN(HX$) >2THENHX$=RIGHT$(HX$,2)
500 FQRI=1T02:AS=MID$(HX$,I,1 )
505 IFA$<"0"OR(A$>"9"ANDA$<"A")ORA$>"F"THENDC=0:RETURN
510 K$=LEFT$(HXS,1 ):J$=RIGHT$(HXJ,1 )
520 D1=ASC(K$)-48:D2=ASC(JS)-48:DC=(D1+7*(D1 >9))*16 + {D2
+7*(D2>9) ):RETURN
530 PRINTK$"(CRSR LF)";
540 GETJ$:IFJ$=""THEN540
550 iFJ$c"0"OR{J$>"9"ANDJS<"A")ORJ$> M F"THEN540
560 HX$=K$+J$:GOSUB520
570 B$(X)=LEFTS(B$fX),L*8+C+1 ) +CHR$ < DC ) +RIGHTS ( B$ ( X > , LE
N(B$(X) )-(L*8+C+2) )
580 G0TO230
590 B$[X)=MID$(B$(X) , 2 ,LEN( B$ (X) ) -2 )
600 PRINTS 1 5, "B-P: "5,0
610 PRINT#5,B$(0);B$(1>;
620 PRINTrfnS f "U2:"5;0;T;S
630 IFX=0THENX=1 :GOT01 00
640 X=0:GOSUB650:GOTO100
650 S=S+1 :IFS<=S%(T)THENRETURK
660 S=0:T=T+1 :IFT<36THENRETURN
670 T=1 :RETURN
680 FORI=1 TOI 7 :S% ( I ) =20 :NEXT :FORI=1 8T024 :S% ( I ) =1 8 : NEXT
690 FORI=25TO30:S%{I)=17:NEXT:FORI=3lTO35:S%(I)=16:NEXT
: RETURN
700 FORII=1TON:PRINTCHR$(CH) ; :NEXT:RETURN
49 PROGRAMS
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All Fr&q'irn-i. rvn en a Vit-IJ tGrTvs-j'pr E«<h p«e>|rjm .-i on jin
.m..,dMpi (jittrtr UpH "iffpi itr IptcftHr Ail prog* j rm art
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RUN April 1984 / 73
If the changes — and everything else
about the block, except the updated
ASCII display — are exactly as you left
them, then the program is probably
okay. If not, proofread the program
again. Don't use Disk Editor 64 on a
good disk until you arc sure that it has
been properly typed.
Sampling Session
To further acquaint you with the fea-
tures of Disk Editor 64, let's step
through a sample editing session. Load
the program, type RUN, and insert the
disk you wish to edit in drive 0.
Generally, the first block that you'll
want to inspect is the one that contains
the disk directory: Track 18, Sector 1.
This will tell you what program and se-
quential files arc currently being kept on
the disk, where they are located and
how many blocks each is stored in.
To learn the specific formal in which
this information is stored, consult the
charts in Appendix D of the V1C-1541
User's Manual, The information in the
manual should be taken with a grain of
salt, however; some of it is misleading.
Use it as a guide for your own explora-
tion of the disk.
When Disk Editor 64 asks for a track
number, type 18 (or $12, in hexadeci-
mal) and press Return. When it asks for
a sector number, type 1 (hexadecimal
$01) and press Return. Disk Editor 64
will display READING TRACK 18
SECTOR 1 PART J on the screen. Be-
low this, you will see the first half of the
block .
Notice that you can read in the
ASCII dump the names of programs
and sequential files stored on the disk.
The three hexadecimal bytes before the
first byte of each program name are
crucial. The first of the three indicates
the status of the file, according to the
following chart :
$00 — Deleted
$81 — Sequential
$82 — Program
S83 — User
$84 — Relative
When 1 began to restore my deceased
file, my main concern was in changing
the status byte from the first of these
numbers to the third— that is, altering
the "00" designation of the deleted file
to the "82" designation of the active
program file. With Disk Editor 64, this
is simple enough.
When the block cursor appears in the
upper left-hand corner, advance ii with
Ciicle 96 on Roader Service card.
• User's manual with
software examples
• 6' of printer cable
• Selectable device
address
• LED indicators for
printer fault, paper
end. or de-select
Can be used With full \i K memory expansion ■ does not require a user port
More than 6 modes of operation including:
a) normal ASCII-only mode; b) graphics-transparent-mode; c) text-listing
mode: d) LPRINT/LLIST mode; e) prints Commodore printer graphic
characters on most popular printers; f) built-in screen dump
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iwl.wW XETEC. Inc. • 3010 Arnold Rd, • Salina, Ks. 67401 • (913) 827-0685
74 / RUN April 1984
the cursor control keys until it is posi-
tioned over the third byte (which should
read 00) preceding the name of the dead
file, and type the number 82. The file
will be magically resurrected and re-
stored to the directory, and now can be
loaded like any other file, assuming that
no new files have been recorded over it .
The next two bytes preceding the
name contain the track and sector num-
bers of the block at which the file itself
begins. If you'd like to take a look at a
particular file, note these numbers,
press the up-aiTow key, and request
Disk Editor 64 to show you that block.
(Remember that these track and sector
numbers are displayed in hexadecimal,
and must be input preceded by a dollar
sign, or in a decimal translation.)
The first two bytes of a program file
contain the track and sector numbers of
the next block in the file. The third and
fourth bytes contain— in lo-byte/hi-
byte order, backwards to the order in
which you would normally read
them— the bad address for the pro-
gram; that is, the memory address at
which the file will load in memory, if
loaded with the Load 8, 1 command.
(For Basic programs, this address is
usually $0801, the default address for
all program loads. )
If you ever lose the SYS address for a
machine language program, you can
use Disk Editor 64 to locate the load ad-
dress, since the SYS and load addresses
are usually, though not invariably, the
same. Changing these bytes will result in
a new load location for the program, if
you should find this desirable. Remem-
ber, however, that most machine lan-
guage programs will not execute cor-
rectly if relocated.
The remaining bytes of the file con-
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stored in the computer's memory'. If it is
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keywords are tokenized— that is, re-
duced to a single byte— and each line of
programming is terminated with a zero
and preceded by four bytes indicating
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With the VIC- 1541 manual in hand,
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When your exploration or editing is
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RUN April 1984 / 75
Maze of Intrigue
What good is a dungeon
program without a maze-
complete with open pits, cul-de-
sacs, trap doors and secret pass-
ageways? This a-maze-ing little
program brings 3-D excitement to
your fantasy games.
By John SI ilm-II
RUN It Right
V1C-20 with at least
8K expansion
Address author correspondence to John
Stilwell, 5018 Marathon Drive, Mad-
ison, WJ 53705.
76 / RUN April 1984
Fantasy role-playing games have be-
come very popular in the last few years.
They started as a way for a few gifted
people to experience the adventures
they craved. Unfortunately, paper and
pencil were all they had to make their
imaginations manifest.
Eventually, books and various para-
phernalia appeared, with miniature
metal figurines probably the most pop-
ular for helping to visualize the action.
You Are There is a program I developed
to give a little more substance to these
games. The program takes a map of a
complex and makes it three dimensional
so you can walk around inside.
You Are There runs on the Commo-
dore VIC-20 with an 8K or larger
memory expansion. It has two modes.
The first is the edit mode. In this one,
you draw and edit your maps.
In the second mode, the map is made
three dimensional. You are also given
commands so you can ad-lib various
things like traps.
When you run the program, you'll
first be asked for the name of the map
that you intend to draw. If you push the
return key without giving a name, "no-
name" will be assigned to the map. You
are then put into the edit mode.
A 21 x 21 grid map will be drawn on
the screen, with nothing on it but a star
in a white square. This is the cursor,
which is moved witii the cursor keys. To
get the list of key definitions, push Fl.
The top row of the screen acts like a
rolodex. Every time you push Fl, you
are given more codes.
You can only put one thing in each
square. You have available four walls
(one for each side of the square), four
walls with doors in them, four corner
pieces, a pit, a spiral staircase and a
solid block. These pieces can be used in
the map as many times as you like.
The rest of the commands are: S, to
save a map to tape; L, to load a map
from tape; *, to go back and forth be-
tween modes; n, to erase the map; and
the space bar, to erase individual pieces
on the map.
I suggest you use comer pieces when-
ever possible. If you don't, there may be
minor cosmetic flaws when the picture
is drawn.
Sample screen display from You Are There program.
Now, let's try an example. Push the
number eight. A line will appear in the
middle of the square with a line pointing
down. This short line tetls you on which
side of the square is the wall containing
a door.
Moving the square to the left and
pushing the number three puts a blank
wall in the bottom of the square. Move
the cursor down one.
Into 3-D
Now we will make the map three di-
mensional. The position of the cursor
when you push the star is your location
when you go into three dimensions.
Push the star and the screen will
change color and go blank. After a few
seconds, the screen will come back. The
time that this takes depends on how
much there is to draw. In the extreme
case, it takes thirteen seconds.
At the top of the screen, you'll see an
N. This means you're looking north.
You change the direction you're look-
ing by pushing N, S, W or E for north,
south, west or east. To move forward,
push the space bar.
Now back to the example. On the
screen, you'll see a large square. Push
the space bar once. The message
"against wall" will flash on the screen.
Push W and you'll look down the wall
to the west and see a door in the wall.
Push the space bar and then the letter
N. This will cause you to move to the
west one square, then turn north and
face the door. Push the space bar again.
Once more the "against wall" message
will flash.
This is because the doors are con-
sidered locked. To go through the door
(or a wall), push the F7 key. The only
thing you can't walk through is a solid
block.
If you push F3, the floor will drop
out from under you. This is the classic
pit trap. To make a door (secret door)
appear in a wall or in the air (phase
door), push Fl. You can even roll dice.
F2 rolls a four-sided die. F4 rolls a six-
sided die, F5 a ten-, F6 a 20-, and F8 a
100-sided die.
Now walk around and look at the
wall from different angles and direc-
tions. You'll notice you can see only a
distance of four squares. If you get
hopelessly lost, push the star. This will
put you back into the edit mode.
Even if you have never played
Dungeons and Dragons, Rune Quest or
any of the others, I'm sure you'll find
this program interesting.
If you don't want to type this pro-
gram in, send me three dollars and I'll
be very happy to send you a tape. D
Listing I. You Are There program for the VIC-20 with 8K or larger memory
expansion.
i
PRINT" {SHFT CLR}{2 CRSR DNs H CTRL
1 ) S3 SPACE
3) (CTRL 9
I {15 SPACES)": PRINT" (3 SPACEsMCTRL 9) YOU
ARE
THE!?
E": PRINT" {3 SPACES) (CTRL 9) {15
IF
SPACES) {2 (
:rsr
DNs)
2
PRINT" (7 CRSR DNs ) { 3 SPACEs)BY JOHN STILWELL
5
3IME% ( 5, 5 ) ,M% ( 20 , 20 ) :FORI=0TO2Q : FORJ=0TO20 :M% ( I ,
J) = 16
0:N$="NO NAME":NEXTJ,I
6
PRINT" {SHFT CLR){CRSR DNJTHE NEW 1
:G=1
3=3:P=5:Z=0:Y=-1 :AI=-1 : AJ=0:DI $=":
^lAP'S NAME?'
' ;INPUTNS
7 (
J":GOSUB499
■GOSUB507
; GOTO 9
8 GOSUB504
9 I
"OR A=0TO4:FORB=-2TO2
1 1
H=Q+A*Z+B*AI:M=P+A*Y+B*AJ
13
IFH>20ORM>20ORH<0ORM<0THENE%(D+3
, A+1 )=0:GOTO1 7
15
£%(B+3,A+1 )= M%(H,M)
17
NEXTE,A:IFDI$ = "N"T[tEN1 1 7 .
19
FORA=1T05:FORB=1T05:I=E%(A,B>-2Q3:IFI<1TIIEN115
21
IFDT$="W"THEN85
23
IFDIS="E"THEN55
25
ONIGOT043, 115,1 15,35,47
27
1=1-30 :IFI>0THENONIGOTO51 ,53,11 5
9,41 ,37,115,1 15,31 ,1 15,1 1 5,39
r 1 15,115,45
1 1 5
,33,4
29
GOT01 1 5
31
E%{A,B)=239:GOT01 15
33
E%{A,B)=242:GOT01 15
35
E%(A,B)=250:GOTO115
37
E%{A,B)=23 4;GOT01 15
39
E%(A,B)=207:GOTO1 15
41
E%{A,B)=235:G0T0115
43
E%(A,B)=208:GOTOl1 5
45
E%(A,B)=247;GOTQ115
47
E%(A,B)=204:GOTO115
49
E%(A,B)=241 :GOT0115
51
E%(A,B)=244:GOTQ1 15
53
El(A,B)=243:GOT0115
55
ONIGOT077 ,115,11 5,65,71
57
I = I-30:IFI>0THENONIGOTO81 ,83 ,1 1 5
9,67,69,115,115,61 ,115,115,75
,115,115,73
115
,63,7
59
GOT01 1 5
61
E%(A,B)=244:GOT011 5
63
E%(A,B)=243:GOT01 15
65
E%(A,B)=204:GOT0115
67
E%(A,B)=242:GOT0115
69
E%(A,B)=239:GOT01 15
71
E%(A,B)=207 :GOT01 1 5
73
E%(A,B)=234 :GOT011 5
75
E%(A,B)=208:GOTO11 5
77
E%{A,B)=250:GOTO115
79
E%(A,B)=235:GOT011 5
81
E%!A,B)=247:GOT01 1 5
83
E%(A,B)=241 :GOT011 5
85
ONIGOT0109,115,1 15,97,101
87
1=1-30
88
IFI>0THENONIGOTO11 1,113,115,115,
9,95,1 15,1 15,91 ,1 15,115,105
115,103,115
,93,
107,9
89
GOT01 1 5
91
E%(A,B)=234:GOT01 1 5
93
E%( A,B)=2 35:GOT01 1 5
95
E%(A,B)=247:GOTQ115
97
E%(A,B)=208:COTO115
99
E%(A,B)=241 :GOT0115
101 E%(A,B)=250:GOTO1 15
103 E%(A,B)=244:GOT0115
105 E%(A,B)=204:GOTO1 1 5
107 E%(A,B)=243:GOT01l5
109 E%{A,B)=207:GOTO11 5
(Mart ^
RUN April 1S84 / 77
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V^uestion:
What do Ryo Kawasaki,
Commodore 64* and songs by
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—The Most Intelligent and Elegant Printer— If you want a printer
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The ep-ssox is unique for two reasons. The high price tag that it DOESN'T
have, and the features that are included as STANDARD, not options.
* For starters, there is memory set aside for you to define 64 of your own characters or symbols.
That's called flexibility.
#There is memory for storing your own print sequences, up to four of them. That's called more
flexibility.
* BOTH serial (RS-232C, and parallel (Centronics compatible) interfaces are standard. That's
called more for your money.
* A full listing of the unique features that are STANDARD is as follows.
* Double width and or double height character printing is standard (Enlargement interpolation)
* Programmed printing (80 bytes of program memory], full dot addressable graphics printing, repetitive graphics data
printing, ail standard.
* 64 user definable characters (384 bytes) may be stored in the printer's memory.
* Print position is addressable in character or dot units (positioning control).
* Intermixed printing of all print modes within a line is possible.
* Linefeed spacing is software selectable.
* RS-232C serial and Centronics compatible parallel interfaces are standard
* Number of linefeeds per LF command is selectable.
* Paper empty function and buzzer are standard
* Space between characters is selectable.
* Self-test printing is standard.
DIRECT PLUG-IN AND PRINT ON YOUR
ATARI VIC-20 Tl 99/4A
COMMODORE-64 IBM PCJR IBM PC
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Full 2 year warranty.
Call or write for details and a print sample.
Do you really need letter Quality? Call or write for our commercial duty Olivetti Praxis line. Supnsingly LOW prices
ADD: Se.00 shipping (cont, USA),
$35.00 (Canada. HI, AK)
All other foreign orders Add $75.00
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The ONE VIC-20® Memory Expansion Board that DOES IT ALL!
Maximum Memory allows youtousemore powerful programs tor;
• EDUCATION • ENTERTAINMENT • MAIL LISTS
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ttffOPOS techholog*
RAMAX
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TO ORDER:
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Calif, residents add 6% lax
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All Prices US Dollars >!
CHARGE CARDS ADD 3%
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME
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VIC-20 & CommorJoio-64 ore roqi stored
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To equal the lotal memory ot RAMAX " you would
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OWE piece at ABOUT HALF THE PRICE'
n A M AX ■' F*a1 una and Sp*cm tart ton t :
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[t* MandJKfl VlC-i^t-msmal HAM or hk
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BLKI (ft Mr HIS? HilBJ
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• V«f> "ow poW oortiWTipwn i, I ? Vamp way*)
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PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE
iof VIC-20 of C-64
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Plui S3 00 ^h -D[>nij rl, PinrniLrHL
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The Handicapper
Now available for the Commodore 64 and TI99/4A! Use the
power of your computer to improve your performance at the
track! The Handicapper is two separate programs for thor-
oughbred and harness horses that apply sound handicapping
techniques to rank the horses in each race. Factors include
speed, distance, class, track condition, post position, past
performance, jockey or driver ability and other attributes.
Handicap a race in just a few minutes or a whole card in less
than an hour — even if you've never handicapped before! The
Handicapper uses information readily available from the
thoroughbred Racing Form or harness track program. Our
diagrams even show you where to find the data you need.
Easy enough for the beginner, sophisticated enough for the
veteran horseplayer. Complete instructions and betting
guide. State computer type when ordering. Thoroughbred or
Harness Handicapper, $29.35 each on tape. Both programs
only $44.95
flkat_CM>
V
Circle 84 on Reader Service card.
Federal Hilf Software
825 William St.
Baltimore, MD 21230
301-685-6254
J
Circle 255 on Reader Service card.
(simptexSof t Ltd.)
S'mpliiSoM PROGRAMS REQUIRE NO KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER LANGUAGE.
HO COMPLICATED INSTRUCTIONS . ALL CAN QE WORKING FOR TQU IN HOURS.
r yfA FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING A PLANNING SYSTEM"
*\V, *' for smili butlntt i, profattlonil & par j-onal jm
V* COMMODORE Gfl°" Dlik
Total cash Mow - nel worth - total lax records in proper categories lot tax irme
-handles multl-cho-cking accounts - ting saving tnplr category entry sy&lem ■
automatically figures quanhty/unil prica-totah (Examples: houra/$ por hour-iotal -
buahois.'S per oushni-iorn' - sci tinit.'S por sq M -iotal - salo pr I co/com mission rate-
total) account receivable and payable rsco rds- in venlory records- mac hin&tanguage
speed - can be used fof analyzing and pHannlng business & pDrsonal money mailers.
PROGRAM. WILL; Record - Store - Retrieve - Review - EdU ■ Pnni ■ Toial (aod &
suhiracO ALL INCOME & EXPENSE DATA ENTRIES BY SINGLE OR MULTl CATE-
GORIES AND BY ANY DATE SPREAD REQUESTED.NOT limited by pro-assigned
caiegonos. You assign - Ihousands available. Printer not required.
IDEAL FOR, 1 MullMncome families, apartments,, farmers, insurance & real estate
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COHMOnORE Gi DliV S39 95
"FINANCIAL RECORD SYSTEM"
The easiest sollware program available to Record - Store - Retrieve - Roview - Edii
•Print- Total all INCOME sources and EXPENSE llomsfor acomplole financial recofd
with slf entries in proper categories to make tax time only a mailer of hours. Han
separate INCOME A EXPENSE programs io pravinl rmxup Yoli assign calegones to
fit your ncredi - thousands available. Printer nol required
Vlc2D(rtq, 1<k m«mory) COMMODORE 64 2 Caitetta Tape Syilom or Dlik $29,9S
For Real Ealate & Properly investment Agentt 'REAL ESTATE ANALYSIS "
A complele property investment analysis program, Oulpui to printer for hard copy
results.
COMMODORE 64 Dlfk Printer Rt-q. J24.95
For Iniurance Afleritt or Eilale Planners "ESTATE ANALYSIS"
For evaluahng individual or family assels in estalo planning.
COMMODORE 64 Dlik
J24.9S
— CASINO SPECIAL -
VEGAS ODDS: DRAW POKER - BLACK JACK - SLOT MACHINE
You pick your stake and play against the house Great practice lo test your belling
skills andgambllngsystemsagainbttheoddsyoulacein Vegas. AM Ihreeononedlsk
COMMODORE 64 - Vic 20 Disk 129.95
Specify CHMtte Upe or disk and computer model. Add $2.00 lor mailing - Send check
or money order to: SlmplexSuft, Ltd.
P.O. Box 445
Marlon. Iowa 52302
VIC 30 and Commodort 64 ire kadtmarfct of Commodore Erectronlci. Ltd,
82 / RUN April IH84
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84 / RUN April 1984
PRINT!
Circle 152 on Reader Service card.
Using Your VIC-20* or COMMODORE 64*
APRIL PACKAGE SPECIAL
STAR MICRONICS GEMINI 10X PRINTER
With Cardco Card/?+G Parallel Printer Interface
1000 15"/16" x 3" Fanfold Address Labels -
Package of 9W x 11" Fanfold Printer Paper
(approx. 250 sheets)
Printer Demo Program on Tape for VIC OR C64
$399.00
Price includes UPS surface shipping in continental US
Add 6% sales tax on California sales
Price subject to change alter April 30, 1984
CIRCLE READER SERVICE NUMBER FOR
OUR LATEST PRICE LIST
Ampersand
electronics
6065 Mission Gorge Rd. it 66 San Diego, CA 92120
•VIC-ZO ind Commodore 64
are trademarks of Commodore Bu^ine%s Midlines
Circle 45 an Reader Service card.
Circle 258 on Reader Service card.
STOP PLAYING GAME
#*
■ Calculate odds on HOUSE RACES wffll ANY COMPU-
TER using BASIC.
■ SCIENTIFICALLY DERIVED SYSTEM really works. TV
Station WLKY gl Louisville. Kentucky used this sytem
to oredicl Itie odds ol itie 1980 Kentucky Derby See
the Wall Stieet Journal (June 6 19801 article on
Horse-Handicarjpmij Ttirs system was written and
used by compuler experts and is now being made available la borne com pule r oarers Tins
melbod is based on storing data trom a large number ol races on a high speed large scale
compuler 23 laelors laken Irom Ine 'Daily Racing Form ' were inen analyied by Ifie
compuler lo see now ihey mliuented race results From mese 23 factors ten were Sound to
oe ihe most vital in delermmmg winners NUMERICAL PROBABILITIES ot each ol these 10
taclors were men comouled and tnis torrns the basis ol ihis REVOLUTIONARY NEW
PROGRAM
■ SIMPLE TO USE Obtain Daily Racing Form the day delate We races and answer [tie to
questibns about each horse Run the program and your computer will print out (he odds tor
all horses in each race COMPUTER POWER gi»es you ihe advantage'
■ YOU GET Ij Program on cassette ot disk
2) Listing ot BASIC programs tor use with any computer
31 Instructions on row n get Ihe needed data Iran ihe "Oar/ Racing Form ' '
4) Tips on using Ine odds generated by ine program
5) Sample term to simplify entering data lor each race
IjMIL COUPON OR CALL rooAr
3G COMPANY, INC. DEPT. R (503) 3S7-5607
RT. 3, BOX 28A, GASTON, OR 97119
Yes, I waul to use my computet tot FUN and PROFIT Rease send me programs
ai 129.95 each. Circle Ihe cassette you need pet/cbm, vic-20. Color compuler.
TRS-BG, Sinclair Time* tooo. Atari. Commodore 64 (disk or cassenel
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RUN April 1984 / 85
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AT LAST!
BOOKS THAT TELL ALL!
Commodore 64: The Inside View and Vic 20: The Inside
View are indespensible tools (or anyone developing
machine language programs. Written by Microcom-
puter Consultant Bruce Atkins, these books unveil the
technical inner workings of both computers. Included
in each volume is:
• a hardware/firmware overview
• details of the operating system kernal and
Basic interpreter
■ details of bugs and documentation irregularities
• complete disk drive hardware/firmware
documentation
• six programs: 1)rnachine language monitor;
2) disassembler; 3) mini-assembler; 4) disk copy;
5} disk sector dump; 6) disk sector patch
LBA COMPUTER PRODUCTS
P.O. Box 2009 (415) 828-2754
Dublin, CA 94568 u r.- -. .■.-,.., ;. ,.i. ■• card.
Please send me:
VIC 20: The Inside View @ $14.95
Commodore 64: The Inside View @ $1 6.95_
Shipping/Handling $2 00 per book
CA Residents add 6'/?% Total
Enclosed .
Name
Address
City
State
Zip
VIC 20 anrj Commor-dore 64 aroErademarJts of Commodore Business Machines. Inc.
Circle 50 on Reader Service card.
TELSTAR 64
Sophisticated Terminal Communications Cartridge tor [he 64.
*PF0* 10D 000 CP D1 D2 BELL 12:30:00 10:14:35
(TELSTAR 's Status Line)
Don't settle for less than Ihe best!
• Upload/Download toviiom disk or tape.
• Automatic File Translalion.
• Communicates in Industry Standard ASCII.
• Real-Time Clock plus Alarm Clock.
• Line editing capability allows correcting and resending long command lines.
■ 9 Quick Read functions.
• Menu-driven.
• Similar to our famous STEP Terminal package.
• Works with Commodore Modems and supports auto-dialing.
The best feature is the price — only S49.95 (Cartridge and Manual)
Machine Language Monitor Cartridge
fortheCBM64
More than 20 commands allow you to access the CBM 64 s Microprocessors
Registers and Memory Contents. Commands include assemble, disassemble,
registers, memory, transfer, compare, plus many more.
Someday every CBM 64 owner will need a monitor such as this.
Cartridge and Manual - S24.95
8K in 30 Seconds
for your VIC 20 or CBM 64
f! you own a VIC 20 or a C8 V 6d and nave been cone e* neo
ooovii tre nign cc* o! o as* to swe yaj* p*M'orrj on
worry yourself no longer No* there's the RASBlT Tne RABBIT
comes in a cartridge, and al a much, nTucti lower price
than iheaverageoiSiAAd speed this * one fast IWBB'I
Wrlh the RAB&Tyou can load wid s^e on your c I V
daJasane an S< pogrom m otTOsi 30 seconds, ccmccrea
to the cut'eni 3 m mgtes otaVlC20orCBM44.olmosioi
loslaslna 1541 di ik drive
the WHIT is easy lo install, allows one to Ascend
Basic Progrp'ns. wortcs wilh c* without Eiparaon
Merrcy and provides two data tile modes The
RABBIT is not only fail but reliable
(Tne f?acC'it f a'theVIC20 contains aneirDansicncon-
nector so you can Simultaneously vtse you' memory board, eic
$39.95
MAE
NOW
THE BEST
FOR LESSI
$59.95 \
For CBM 64, PET, APPLE, and ATARI
No*, vou can hove the same proteis-onaiiy dei'Gneti Mcoo
Aisem bl ef I EcHor 01 use<3 oft SpoO b Sh utl \9 pf ojetfi
• De&igne<I fo iT.prov© Programmer ProduCltvify
• SiT-i lar jynrpK ond corrvnondt - No negd lo relea F n pecul \&
TtTihoies artdcomrportch wher- yoy go trorr. PtT lo APPIE to
• Co? esKtens fesemc^ /Eavfof - No nseo 10 bad !ho E diior, snen
the Assembler, then Itie Edikw. eic
• Alio include J WofdProceiw Relocafing loader and much
mce
• Powerful Editor, Macros. Conditional and fttorodew
Ajiambiy. ond Auto - wo page addressing
Sri II not c onvincod. send tor ou r 1 r ee spec sheel'
A
3239 Linda Dr.
Winston-Satem.N.C. 27106
(919)924-2889 (919)748-8446
Send lor free catalog!
VISA'
MoitarCord
RUN April 1984 / 87
EXECUTIVE LETTER QUALITY
DAISY WHEEL PRINTER SALE $ 379 00
COMSTAR 13"
COMSTAR 13" "DAISY WHEEL" POWER TYPE
PRINTER is typewriter friendly. It uses a simple
drop in cassette ribbon. Just turn on the COM-
STAR 13" for Crip executive quality cor-
respondence at 18 CPS with a daisy wheel that
prints 96 power type flawless characters, bi-
directional. Designed for personal and business
applications. COMSTAR 13" carriage accepts
paper from letter to legal size, continuous com-
puter paper or single sheets, you can set right
and left margins, vertical and horizontal tabs.
LIST PRICE '599°° SALE PRICE s 379°°
computer printer
IP OLYMPIA -DAISY WHEEL" COMBINATION
PRINTER/TYPEWRITER SALE s 489 00
O Olympfa
If Olympia
the *w wiympia computer printer
ELECTRONIC TYPEWRITER is the ultimate for
Home, Office, and Word Processing. You get the
best Electronic Typewriter made and used by
the world's largest corporations (better than IBM
Selectric) plus a Superb Executive Cor-
respondence Computer Printer!! (Two machines
in one!) Just flick the switch for the option you
want to use. The extra large carriage allows
14V printer paper width. It has cassette ribbon
lift off correction. Baud rates, Jumper selectable
75 through 19,200 (serial or parallel interface)
LIST '799°° SALE s 489<">
(WORLD'S FINEST)
• 15 DAY FREE TRIAL — 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT GUARANTEE
j Add $17.50 for shipping and handling!!
J Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow
j 14 days for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express
j maill Canada orders must be in U.S. dollars. VISA — MASTER
| CARD ACCEPTED, We ship COD,
Circle 15 on Roador Sorvico card.
ENTERPRISES iwt love ° ur customewsi
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phono 312/382-5244 to ord»r
88 / RUN April 1984
80 COLUMN PRINTER SALE— $149.00
COMSTAR T/F
Tractor
Friction
Printer
COM-STAR
**
15 Day Free Trial - 180 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
• Lowest Priced, Best Quality, Tractor-Friction Printers in the U.S.A.
• Fast 80-120-160 Characters Per Second • 40, 46, 66, BO, 96, 132 Characters Per Line Spacing
• Word Processing • Print Labels, Letters, Graphs and Tables • List Your Programs
• Print Out Data from Modem Services • "The Most Important Accessory for Your Computer"
"STX-80 COLUMN
PRINTER— $149.00
Prints full 80 columns. Super silent
operation, 60 CPS, prints Hi-resolution
graphics and block graphics, expanded
character set. exceptionally clear
characters, fantastic print quality, uses
inexpensive thermal paper! Best thermal
printer in the U.S.A.! (Centronics Parallel
Interface).
"DELUXE COMSTAR T/F
80 CPS PRINTER— $199.00
The COMSTAR T/F (Tractor Friction)
PRINTER is exceptionally versatile. It
prints 8Vi" x 11" standard size single
sheet stationary or continuous feed com-
puter paper. Bi-directional, impact dot
matrix, 80 CPS, 224 characters. (Cen-
tronics Parallel Interface).
Premium Quality— 120 CPS
COMSTAR T/F SUPER-10X
PRINTER— $289.00
COMSTAR TIF (Tractor Friction) SUPER-
10X PRINTER gives you all the features
of the COMSTAR T/F PRINTER plus a
10" carriage, 120 CPS, 9 x 9 dot matrix
with double strike capability for 18 x 18
dot matrix (near letter quality), high
resolution bit image (120 x 144 dot
matrix), underlining, back spacing, left
and right margin settings, true lower
decenders with super and subscripts,
prints standard, italic, block graphics
and special characters, plus 2K of user
definable characters! The COMSTAR T/F
SUPER-10X PRINTER was Rated No 1 by
"Popular Science Magazine.'' It gives you
print quality and features found on
printers costing twice as much!! (Cen-
tronics Parallel Interface) (Better than Ep-
son FX80).
Premium Quality— 120 CPS
COMSTART/FSUPER-15V
PRINTER— $379.00
COMSTAR T/F SUPER 15V," PRINTER
has all the features of the COMSTAR T/F
SUPER-10X PRINTER plus a 15V car-
riage and more powerful electronics
components to handle large ledger
business forms! (Better than Epson FX
100).
Superior Quality
SUPER HIGH SPEED— 160 CPS
COMSTAR T/F 10"
PRINTER— $489.00
SUPER HIGH SPEED COMSTAR T/F
(Tractor Friction) PRINTER has all the
features of the COMSTAR SUPER-10X
PRINTER plus SUPER HIGH SPEED
PRINTING- 160 CPS. 100% duty cycle.
8K buffer, diverse character fonts,
special symbols and true decenders, ver-
tical and horizontal tabs. RED HOT
BUSINESS PRINTER at an unbelievable
low price!! (Serial or Centronics Parallel
Interface)
Superior Quality
SUPER HIGH SPEED — 160 CPS
COMSTAR T/F 15'//'
PRINTER— $579.00
SUPER HIGH SPEED COMSTAR T/F
15%" PRINTER has all the features of the
SUPER HIGH SPEED COMSTAR T/F 10"
PRINTER plus a 15V carriage and more
powerful electronics to handle larger
ledger business forms! Exclusive bottom
paper feed!!
PARALLEL INTERFACES
For VIC-20 and COM-64— J49.00
For All Apple Computers— $79.00
NOTE: Other printer interfaces are
available at computer slores!
Double
Immediate Replacement
Warranty
We have doubled the normal 90 day war-
ranty to 180 days. Therefore if your
printer fails within "180 days" from the
date of purchase you simply send your
printer to us via United Parcel Service,
prepaid. We will IMMEDIATELY send you
a replacement printer at no charge.
prepaid. This warranty, once again.
proves that WE LOVE OUR
CUSTOMERS!
Circle 15 on Roader Sor^lcocard.
I Add $17.50 for shipping, handling and insurance. WE OO NOT EXPORT i
TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA
■ Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 days I
J for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone Orders, 1 day express mail! Canada
I orders must be in U.S. dollars. VISA — MASTER CAHD ACCEPTED. We \
I ship COD.
h_ _ _____________ — _ ___,|
ENTERPRISES rWELOVEOUHCUSTOMEBS)
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382-5244 to ordar
SUPER-1 0" ABCDEFGH IJKLMNO
«BC_EF_HIJKLMN_PQR_TUVWXYZ 1 2
QR8TUVWXYZ
I67B9C
COM-64/VIC-20
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SALE! $ 49
Make a connection!
REACH OUT AND
ACCESS SOMEONE
Wander the wires of bulletin board
systems gathering information and
making new computer friends!
DELUXE 40 CHARACTER MODEM SALE $49.00
• Saves on-line time; Easier to read!
• Direct connect, originate/answer, half and full duplex!
• Terminal program (tape included) Disk— Add $5.00!
• One year free access to CompuServe, 2 hours free on-line time!
• 15 day free trial — 180 day free replacement warranty!
• Instruction manual!
(List S99.00)
80 COLUMN TERMINAL CARTRIDGE SALE $49.00
• No cassette or disk drive needed!
• VIC-20 40-80 Column $49.00 (List $99.00)
• COM-64 80 Column Board $99.00 (List $199.00)
Converts your computer screen to 40 or 80 columns!
You can add a 40-80 column word processor, mailmerge
and electronic spreadsheet for only $24.95 {tape or disk).
SMART 64 MODEM PROGRAM SALE $26.95
(List S39.95)
One key password automatic entry!
On-line alarm timer!
Prints out all information received!
Record and send programs on disk!
Use with Protecto 40-80 column terminal!
(DISK)
• LOWEST PRICES • 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
* BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. « ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL « OVER 500 PROGRAMS » FREE CATALOGS
Circle 15 on Reader Service card.
Arid S3. 00 lor postage Add S6.00 (or CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAW Al I
orders WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES
Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Cheeti Allow 14
days 'or delivery. 2 lo 1 days lor phone orders. I day enpress mail 1
Canada orders must be in U S dollars We accept Visa and Master-
Card We ship C.O.D.
FNTERPRIZES < wELovE °u Rcijs T or ' ,ERs '
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382-5244 to order
® SANYO MONITOR SALE!!
9" Data Monitor
80 Columns x 24 lines
Green text display
Easy to read - no eye strain
Up front brightness control
High resolution graphics
Quick start - no preheating
Regulated power supply
Attractive metal cabinet
UL and FCC approved
• 75 Day Free Trial - 90 Day immediate Replacement Warranty
9" Screen -Green Text Display *$ 69.00
12" Screen -Green Text Display (anti-reflective screen) *$ 99.00
12" Screen - Amber Text Display (anti-reflective screen) *$ 99.00
14" Screen -Color Monitor (national brand) *$239.00
*PLUS $9.95 for Connecting Cable.
Display Monitors From Sanyo
With the need for computing power growing every day, Sanyo has
stepped in to meet the demand with a whole new line cf low cost, high
quality data monitors. Designed for commercial and personal com-
puter use. All models come with an array of features, including up-
front brightness and contrast controls. The capacity 5 x 7 dot
characters as the input is 24 lines of characters with up to
80 characters per line.
Equally important, all are built with Sanyo's commitment
to technological excellence. In the world of Audio/Video, Sanyo is
synonymous with reliability and performance. And Sanyo quality is
reflected in our reputation. Unlike some suppliers, Sanyo designs,
manufactures and tests virtually all the parts that go into our products,
from cameras to stereos. That's an assurance not everybody can
give you!
Official Video Products
of the Los Angeies 1934 Otympks
Q&P
• LOWEST PRICES • 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
. BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. * ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL - OVER 500 PROGRAMS * FREE CATALOGS
^ ■^^^^^^■■■^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Circle 15 art Reader Service card.
I Add S10.00 for ahlpplnjj, handllno and Insurants, lit I no) « raaldenti I
j plftftM add 6% lax. Add 120.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII |
■ wdara.WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES. j
I Enclose Cashiers Chock, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 |
i days for delivery. 2 lo 7 days lor phone orders, 1 day express mall I j
I
Canada orders must be In U.S. dollars- Visa • MasterCard - C.O.D.
I
ENTERPRI FCC iWE LOVE OUR CUSTOMERS)
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382-5244 lo order
cordco. Inc.
H It's time for your
computer to grow up.
VIC-20 EXPANDER SALE!
8K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER
{Free $16.95 Game)
16K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER "CARDCO"
{Free $29.95 Adventure Game)
24K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER
(Free $29.95 Adventure Game)
32K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER
(Expands to total memory to 57K (57,000 bytes)
3 SLOT "CARDCO" SWITCHABLE EXPANDER BOARD
6 SLOT "CARDCO" SWITCHABLE "CARDCO"
RIBBON CABLE EXPANDER BOARD (Lifetime warranty)
40-80 COLUMN BOARD
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE
LIST SALE
$ 69.95 $39.00
$ 99.00 $55.00
$159.00 $79.00
$199.00 $95.00
$ 39.95 $29.00
$ 99.00 $49.00
$ 99.00 $49.00
$ 99.00 $49.00
VIC-20
WORD PROCESSOR SALE
1. "Write Now" Word Processor Cartridge! (Better than Quick Brown Fox) No disk drive or
cassette player needed! Just plug in the "Write Now" cartridge. Easy to use and learn, has all the
professional features: margin settings, editing word wrap, scrolling, search and replace, center-
ing, page numbering, user defined characters, ascii code set that allows use of all printer
features! ! Includes a powerful mailmerge for mailing lists! List $39.95 Sale $34.95.
2. "H.E.S. Writer" Word Processor Cartridge! Full screen editing, scrolling up and down, word
wrap, left and right justification, centering, page numbering, screen text preview and more! List
$39,95. Sale $24.95.
3. "Total Text" Word Processor creates professional documents! Features include page number-
ing, right and left margins, paragraph control, upper/lower case, full screen editing, footnotes,
etc.! (8K Ram required) Tape/Disk. List $34.95. Sale $19.95.
4. "Total Labels" Mailing List! Keep and print mailing list labels with ease. Add change and
delete labels, alphabetize, option to select any part of list. (8K Ram required) Tape/Disk. List
$24.95. Sale $14.95.
Circle 1 5 on fteador Service card.
Add 13 00 (Of postage Add 16 00 lo' CANADA PUERTO RICO Hawaii '
orders WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES t
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personal Chec* Alio* ia )
days for delivery. 2 to 7 days tor phone orders. I day eipress mail 1 }
Canada orders must be tn U S dollars We accent Visa and Master i
Card We ship COD
C M TC D D D 1 7 p S v,t :r,i ^"'■ ! ^ ouia '-'
BOX 550, BAnmNGTON. ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382 5244 to order
I I J I
J
1 I IL
Commodore - 64
i \ i
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irnr w~r ~ < i r *V ^r
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SCRIPT-64 EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR U&
Columns in Color)
40 or 80 columns in color or black and white; turns your computer into a Business Machine!
Rated best by COMMODORE. This is the finest word processor available. Features include line and paragraph insertion/dele-
tion, indentation, right and left justification, titles, page numbering, characters per inch, etc All features are easy to use and
understand. With tabs. etc. SCRIPT-64 even includes a 250 word dictionary/spelling checker to make sure your spelling is cor-
rect. The dictionary is user customizable to any technical words you may use. Furthermore, all paragraphs can be printed in
writing and everyday letters are a snap. To top things off. there is a 100 page manual and help screens to make learning how
to use SCRIPT-64 a snap. This word processor is so complete we can"! think of anything it doesn't have. When combined
with the complete database you have a powerlul mailmerge and label program that lets you customize any mailing list with
personalized letters. List $99.95. Sale S69.O0. 'Coupon Price $59.00. (Disk only.]
SCRIPT-64 20,000 WORD DICTIONARY
Allows you to check spelling on 20.000 most often mispelled words! List $29.95 Sale $19,95. "Coupon Price $14.95. (Disk
only.)
SCRIPT-64 DATABASE
This is a user friendly complete database that makes any information easy to store and retrieve The user defines the fields
and then can add, change, delete and search for any category he wants. Can only be used with the SCRIPT-64 Executive
Word Processor, you can search out any category (zip codes, hair color, etc.) and print super personalized letters. List $69.00.
SateS59.00. 'Coupon Price $49.00. (Disk only.)
"WRITE NOW" WORD PROCESSOR
(Much betterthan Quick Brown Fox)
Finally, a word processor that is easy to use and easy to learn. This "cartridge" system has all the features of professional
systems at only a fraction of the cost. Features include: margin setting, word wrap, search and replace, centering, page
numbering, user defined characters, plus ascu code set lhal allows you to use all the features of your printer. List $49.94.
Sale $44.95. "Coupon $39,95. (Cartridge).
"WRITE NOW" MAILING LIST
600 names, addresses, etc. can be sorted and formulated in any order and by any category (zip code, name, etc.) for merging
into the "write now" word processor. Fantastic speed. List $34 95. Sale $24.95. 'Coupon $14.95. (Disk only.)
TOTAL TEXT WORD PROCESSOR 2.6
This is a complete word processor program which allows you to create and formal professional looking documents. Fealures
include: page numbering, margin control, full screen editing and footnotes. Tape — List $44 95. Sale $34,95. 'Coupon $22.00.
Disk — List $49.95. Sale $39.00. ' Coupon $27.00.
TOTAL WORD PROCESSOR PLUS 5.2
This top quality word processor was specially designed for PROTECTO ENTERPRIZES. Features include line and paragraph
insert and delete, right and left justification, multiple copies, and line spacing. Extra functions include mailmerge. embedded
footnotes, extra user defined character sets, plus a complete label program. Tape: List $69.90 Sale $49.00. 'Coupon Price
$34.00. Disk: List $79.95. Sate $59,00. 'Coupon Price $39.00.
EASY SCRIPT-WORD PROCESSOR [DISK]
This powerful word processor is produced and endorsed by Commodore! It allows you to create, store, and modify text easi-
ly. This makes EASY SCRIPT ideal for writing reports, business letters, books, memos, bulletins, in fact any kind of docu-
ment. Store text on disk or cassette to be printed or modified later! Includes 180 page training and reference manual! List
$49.00. Sale $45.00. Coupon Price $39.00.
• LOWEST PRICES • 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A. • ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
]
WE SHIP C.O.D. HONOR VISA AND MASTER CHARGE
ADD $3.00 SHIPPING FOR C.O.D. ADD $2.00 MORE
SPECIAL SERVICES: Circle IS on Reader Service card.
One Day — Express Mail add $10.00
ENTERPRIZES wELovfo, J B cusioM6Bsi
BOX 550. BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312J3S2-5244 lo order
RUN April 1984 / 93
Mix and Match Programs
On the Commodore 64
This disk utility program
makes combining your Ba-
sic programs almost as easy as
shuffling cards.
By John Olson
RUN It Right
Commodore 64
1541 disk drive
Address author correspondence to John
R. Olsen Jr., PO Box 181, Newberg,
OR 97132.
94 / RUN April 1084
Have you ever wanted to combine
two Basic programs, or maybe add
some commonly used subroutines to a
program you're writing? When you
combine like this, you are either ap-
pending or merging programs. Append-
ing means adding one program to the
end of another, while merging actually
interweaves the program lines. See Fig.
I for the distinction.
Appending programs on the Com-
modore 64 is relatively simple— merely
a matter of a few Peeks and Pokes. I'll
describe the method at the end of this
article. Merging programs, on the other
hand, is something the C-64 doesn't
readily do.
Merge is a program written to make
the job easy. When run, it loads two
programs from disk into an array in
memory. It then writes a single program
back to the disk, with the program lines
merged in proper order.
In case both programs have a line
with the same number, the line in the
original program is used, and the one in
the second program is discarded. (If
you wish to reverse this, simply change
the statement Z =P1 in line 5000 to Z
= P2.)
The C-64's memory is large enough
to hold two programs with a combined
total of 500 program lines, assuming
nearly all those lines contain the maxi-
mum of 80 characters. Actually, most
programs have many lines of much
fewer than 80 characters, so the line
total could easily be increased. To do
so, change the Dimension statement in
line 100. The worst that can happen is
that the program will report a run-time
error. If that happens, simply lower the
limits in line 100 and run Merge again.
If you merely want to use Merge and
don't care why it works, type it into
your computer and read no further. The
rest of the article explains how a Basic
program is recorded on disk, how it can
be uncoded, read into an array in mem-
ory, and then merged with another pro-
gram and written back to disk.
Tokenizuig Basic
Basic programs are saved on disk in
tokenized form, which reduces the
space they occupy. For example, the
program line 5000 PRINT X takes
twelve characters, including the spaces.
Tokenized on disk, it takes up only five
bytes. Regard each byte as a single num-
ber from 1 to 255. In tokenized form,
the line above would consist of the five
bytes 136, 19, 153, 32 and 88. The 136
and 19 make up the line number 5000
(each line number is made up of two
biles). To change it to the decimal num-
ber 5000, multiply the second byte by
256 and add the first byte to the result.
The third byte of 153 is the token for
the Print command. This illustrates the
most obvious advantage of tokenizing.
The fourth byte, 32, represents the
space between PRINT and X, and the
final byte of 88 represents the X. Notice
that because the computer will always
put a space between the line number
and the statement, it doesn't need to in-
clude that space in the tokens.
I hope you aren't lost yet, because
there are a few more things you need to
know about how a program is saved on
disk before you can understand the list-
ing of Merge.
Every tokenized line is followed by a
byte of to indicate the end of that line,
and is preceded by two bytes that indi-
cate into which memory location the
next program line should be loaded. So
Program
1
10 PRINT
20 PRINT
"one"
"one"
10 PRINT "one"
30 PRINT
"one"
20 PRINT "one"
appended
30 PRINT "one"
Program
2
60 PRINT
70 PRINT
"two"
"two"
60 PRINT "two"
70 PRINT "two"
80 PRINT
"two"
80 PRINT "two"
Program
1
10 PRINT
20 PRINT
"one"
"one"
10 PRINT "one"
15 PRINT "two"
30 PRINT
"one"
merged
20 PRINT "one"
25 PRINT "two"
Program
2
15 PRINT
25 PRINT
"two"
"two"
30 PRINT "one"
35 PRINT "two"
35 PRINT
"two"
Fig. 1.
Difference between appending and merging two programs.
each program line consists of a two-byte
address for the next program line, the
current line in token form, and a zero.
The very first two bytes on the disk
give the memory address at which to be-
gin loading the program. All Basic pro-
grams start loading at 2049 (or, as two
bytes: 1,8). The very last two bytes of
the program on the disk are both zeros.
This tells the computer to stop loading
the program. Fig. 2 shows the format of
a Basic program as recorded on disk.
The Concept of Merge
The utility program Merge strips off
the first two bytes (1, 8) of a program
and throws them away. Then it loads
the two-byte address for the next pro-
gram line. (If these bytes are both zero,
it knows it has finished loading the pro-
gram.) These two bytes are then thrown
away (different addresses will be needed
in saving the merged program).
Merge then starts loading the pro-
gram line into the A$ array in memory.
The first two bytes of the program line
are the line number. These arc con-
verted into a single decimal number and
saved in the A array, which will be
checked to see in which order to insert
the lines when the programs are
merged.
These same two line-number bytes
are saved (unconverted) in the AS array
along with the rest of the program line.
When the program reaches a byte of
zero, it knows that the program line has
ended. So it moves down one element in
the AS array and starts loading the next
program line. When the process is done,
each program line resides in a separate
element of the array.
The second program is then similarly
loaded into the same arrays. The com-
puter remembers the point in each array
where the first program ends and the
next one starts. After the second pro-
gram is loaded into memory, the com-
puter will merge the two programs as it
saves the new version back on disk .
To do the actual merging, the com-
puter only has to check the A array for
the line numbers, then save the corre-
sponding element in the AS array onto
disk. In any case of duplicate line num-
bers, Merge saves the line from the orig-
inal program and discards the one from
the second. But you must be sure, be-
fore saving the current line, to save a
two-byte memory address in which to
load the next line.
When the entire merged program is
saved on disk, finish it off by writing
two zero bytes to signal the end of the
program.
Merge Program Details
Now let's run through the listing of
Merge and examine each section of the
program.
Line 100 creates room for 500 line
numbers in the A array, and room for
500 program lines in the AS array. The
N$ array is for the names of the two
programs to be loaded.
Line 110 sets the variable MP (the
memory pointer) to 2049, where the
final merged program will eventually be
loaded into memory, and this number
must be on the disk. The value of MP
will also increase with each line saved to
disk, so that the load address will be
correct at the beginning of each pro-
gram line on the disk.
The lines in the 500s get the names of
the two programs to be merged and the
name of the resultant program. By de-
fining S$ to be the same as the name of
the original program (in line 530), you
now can simply press the return key
when asked "Save under what name?",
and it will be saved under the name of
the original program. Or you can type a
new name if desired.
The lines in the 1000s open the com-
mand channel to the disk drive and ini-
tialize the drive.
The lines in the 2000s simply take the
first program and load it into the ar-
rays. The statement X = refers to the
name of the first program, N$(0). Then
it goes to the subroutine at 6000 to load
1 8
X
X
memory address at which to begin loading a Basic program
tokenized program line
tokenized program line
X
X X
tokenized program line
indicates end of Basic program.
indicates a two-byte memory address at which to begin loading
the next program line.
Fig 2. Format of a Basic program on disk.
RUN April 1984 / 95
the program. This subroutine will be ex-
plained later. Finally, the variable El is
set to point to the end of the first pro-
gram in the arrays.
The lines in the 3000s deal with load-
ing the second program into the eom-
puter's arrays. First the variable P2
points to the first line of this second
program in the array. The variable X
refers to the name of the second pro-
gram, N$(l).
Then we go to the same subroutine at
6000, which loads the second program
into the arrays. And finally, the variable
E2 points to the last line of the program
in the arrays.
100
DIM A(500) , A$(5Q0), N$ ( 1 )
110 MP=2049
500
?RINT"{SHPT CLR)MERGE{CRSR DN}"
510
tNPUT"NAME OF ORIGINAL PROGRAM" ;N$ ( )
520
INPUT"NAME OF PROGRAM TO MERGE" ;N${1 )
530
S$=N$(0)
540
INPUT" [CRSR DNJSAVE UNDER WHAT NAME";S$
1000
OPEN 15,8,15
1010
PRINT#15,"l"
2000
X=0
2100
GOSUB 6000
2200
E1=P-1
3000
P2 = P
3100
X = 1
3200
GOSUB 6000
3300
E2=P-1
4000
PRINT "{CRSR DNJSAVING ";S$
4010
OPEN 2,8,2,"@0:"+S$+",P,W"
4020
GOSUB 8000
4030
PRINT#2,CHR$(1 );CHR$(8};
5000
IF A(P2)=A(P1) THEN Z=P1 : P1 =P1 +1 : P2=P2+1 :GOTO 5100
5010
IF A(P2)<A(P1) THEN Z=P2 : P2=P2+ 1 : GOTO 5100
5020
IF A(P2)>A(P1) THEN Z=P1:P1=P1+1
5100
MP=MP+LEN(A$(Z) )+2
5110
X=INT<MP/256)
5120
Y=MP-256*X
51 30
PRINT#2,CHR$(Y) ;CHR$(X) ;AS(Z) ;
5200
IF P1<E1 OR P2<E2 THEN 5000
5300
PRINT#2,CHR$(0) ;CHR$(0);
5310
CLOSE2
5320
CLOSE15
5330
END
6000
PRINT "(CRSR DNJLOADING ";N$(X)
6010
OPEN 2,8,2, "0:"+N$(X)+",P,R"
6020
GOSUB 8000
7000
GET#2,A$,B$
7010
GET#2,A$,B$
7020
IF A$="" AND B$="" THEN A( P ) =65000 : P=P+ 1 : CLOSE2 :RE
TURN
7030
GET#2,A$
7040
IF AS="" THEN AS=CHR$(0)
7050
X=ASC(A$)
7060
A$(P)=A$
7070
GET#2,A$
7080
IF A$="" THEN A$=CHR${0)
7090
A(P)=X+256*ASC(A$)
7100
A$(P)=A$(P)+A$
71 10
GET#2,A$
7120
IF A$="" THEN AS=CHR$(0)
7130
A$(P)=A$(P)+A$
7140
IF A$<>CHRS(0) THEN7110
71 50
P = P+1
7160
GOTO 7010
8000
INPUT015, EN, EM$, ET, ES
8010
IF EN=0 THEN RETURN
8020
PRINT "DISK ERROR"
8030
PRINT EN; EM$; ET; ES
8040
CLOSE2
8050
CLOSE15
Listing of Merge program for the C-64,
So at this point, El points to the end
of the first program, E2 points to the
end of the second program, PI points to
the beginning of the first program (ac-
tually PI has not been defined, so is by
default), and P2 points to the beginning
of the second program.
The lines in the 4000s begin saving the
merged program back to disk. The file
is opened, a check for any disk errors is
made by going to the subroutine at
8000, and the first two bytes are saved
to disk. These bytes are the same for all
Basic programs and indicate where to
begin loading the program.
The lines in the 5000s save the merged
program to disk. They merge the pro-
gram on the run. That is to say, they
choose the next program line to save
and immediately save it. This is a much
faster method than merging the two
programs in memory by using a sort
routine, and then saving the entire thing
to disk at once.
Remember that PI points to the first
line of program 1, and P2 points to the
first line of program 2. Line 5000 checks
to see if the first line numbers are the
.same. If so, the line from program I
takes priority. The pointers are moved
to the next lines in both programs {skip-
ping over the line in the second program
that had a conflicting line number), and
the line is saved to disk (the routine
starting at 5100).
Line 5010 checks to see if the next
program line in program 2 is less than
the one in program 1 . If so, it moves the
pointer down one for program 2 and
saves the line onto the disk. If the pro-
gram line in program 2 is greater than
the one in program 1, then line 5020
moves the pointer for program 1 down
one, and the line from program 1 Ls saved
on disk.
Line 5100 moves the memory pointer
P the length of the program line, plus
two more bytes for the load address.
Lines 51 10 and 5120 convert the mem-
ory pointer into a two-byte load ad-
dress. Finally, line 5130 saves the load
address plus the program line onto the
disk.
Line 5200 checks to see if all the lines
from both program 1 and program 2
have been saved. If not, it goes back
and keeps comparing and saving lines.
If all lines are done, tine 5300 saves the
last two bytes, both zeroes. Then both
files are closed and the program ends.
The lines starting at 6000 were men-
tioned earlier. They load a program into
the arrays. The first few lines open the
file to be read and check the error chan-
nel for disk errors (subroutine at 8000).
96 / RUN April 1984
Circle 35 on Reader Service card
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RUN April 1984 / 97
Then, starting with line 7000, each
program is read from disk into the two
arrays in memory. Line 7000 gets the
first two bytes of the program. These
are always I and 8 (2049 in a single deci-
mal number); they indicate where in
memory the program should start load-
ing, and are not saved in any array.
Lines 7010 and 7020 check the next
two bytes to see if both are zeroes. If
they are, this indicates the end of the
program. If not, the program- will be
read into memory' byte by byte. In either
case, these two bytes arc not saved in
any array. They arc load addresses,
which will be different when you save
the merged program back onto the disk .
If line 7020 finds that both bytes are
zeroes, then it saves a program line num-
ber of 65000 in the A array, and the
pointer is incremented. The file is then
closed and the subroutine ended.
The reason for saving 65000 is that
you need a line number bigger than any
other that's possible in order to check
the end of the array. Without it, the
routines in lines 5000-5020 would move
from the last line of program 1 into the
first line of program 2.
Starling with line 7030, the program
line is actually read into the AS array
7b append one program
to another,
you only need to make
a few Peeks and Pokes.
and its line number is saved in the A ar-
ray. First it gets one byte. If this was a
zero on disk, the GciM command will in-
terpret this as a null string. You don't
want litis, so line 7040 fixes it by putting
it back to zero again.
The first byte is saved in X as well as
put into the AS array. The second byte
is read in and combined with X to create
a line number in normal decimal form.
The result is saved in the A array. This
byte is also added to the AS array.
Lines 7110-7140 read in the rest of
the bytes and add them to the AS array.
Reading a zero indicates the end of that
particular program line. The pointer for
the arrays is moved down one and the
program goes back to line 7010 to start
getting the next line.
NOTHING CAN UPGRADE THE KEYBOARD
OF YOUR C-64 LIKE THE MAGNACOMP-64
INTEGRATOR CONSOLE
THE C-64 IS LITERALLY TRANSFORMED!!
• YOU INSERT THE ENTIRE KEYBOARD INTO THE LARGER, MORE SUBSTANTIAL HOUSING.
• NUMERIC DATA-PAD IS BUILT IN (HARD WIRED. NO SOFTWARE REQUIRED.)
• A FULLY ENCLOSED COMPARTMENT HIDED ALL THE WIRES. ROOM IS PROVIDED FDR
80 COLUMN CARDS, EXPANSION. ETC.
• FOUR SURGE/SPIKE PROTECTED AND GROUNDED RECEPTACLES ARE INTERNALLY
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98 / HUN April 1984
The lines in the 8000s are the disk er-
ror subroutine. This is a standard rou-
tine found in many programs. It reads
the error channel and reports any error.
If the error number EN is zero, then
there was no error, and the routine re-
turns. Otherwise, the error is printed
out, and the files are closed.
With a few minor changes, this pro-
gram could be modified to work from
cassette instead of disk. That, however,
I will leave for you to experiment with.
Good luck.
Appending a Program
Merge can also be used to append one
program to another, where the line
numbers of the second one all exceed
the highest line number of the first.
However, this is rather a slow method;
there is a much faster one.
The secret of appending programs
lies in four memory locations. Loca-
tions 43 and 44 point to where your
Basic program starts, while locations 45
and 46 point to where it ends (if you
subtract 2). So to append one program
to another, you need only make a few
Pecks and Pokes. It will save a lot of
time!
In general, load your first program
(the one with the lower line numbers)
and move the beginning of the program
pointer to the end of your program.
Then load the second program (the one
with the greater line numbers). Finally,
move the pointer back where it belongs.
That's it.
Keep in mind that the pointers are
written in two bytes. To convert them to
normal decimal numbers, you need to
multiply the second byte by 256 and add
the first byte. To convert them back to
two bytes, you divide the decimal num-
ber by 256. The integer part of the an-
swer is the second byte. The remainder
is the first byte.
For example: if you Peeked into 43
and 44, you'd probably see a 1 and an 8.
You'd multiply 256 by 8 and get 2048.
Add the 1 and get 2049. To change the
2049 back to two bytes, you divide 2049
by 256 and get 8, with a remainder of 1,
Be sure to get the bytes in the proper
order of 1, 8.
So to append two programs, load
your first one into the computer's mem-
ory'- Peek into memory locations 45 and
46, convert what you find to a decimal
number as shown above and subtract
two from the result. As shown above,
convert this back to two bytes and Poke
the results into locations 43 and 44.
Then load your second program and
Poke 43 and 44 with 1 and 8, respective-
ly. That completes the task. [k|
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RUN April 1984 / 99
When it comes to using disk files,
It's All Relative
Sometimes a user's manual is
more of a hindrance than a
help in learning how to get the
most out of your computing sys-
tem. That's when articles such as
this one on relative Files come in
so handy to cut through the ob-
stacle course presented by
"vague," "error-filled," "mis-
leading" manuals.
By David R. Brooks
RUN It Right
VIC-20 or C-64
1541 disk drive
Address author correspondence to
David R. Brooks, 805 Cockletown
Road, York town, VA 23692.
100 / RUN April 1984
Efficient computer programs for
managing accounts and records should
have a structure that allows easy exam-
ination, addition and alteration of all
information that has been stored. In
short, they should be at least as conve-
nient to use as manual record-keeping
systems.
Such programs require the use of what
are generally called random-access files.
On Commodore machines, relative files
are one class of random-access files.
They aren't suited for tape storage and
manipulation, so their use presumes the
availability of a disk drive like the Com-
modore 1541.
Although it's obvious that computer-
ized record keeping should be at least as
handy and reliable as a file cabinet, you
may lose sight of this in the face of the
effort required to understand and use
relative files. They're described, al-
though poorly, in the VtC-1541 User's
Manual, which is vague, full of errors
and sometimes so misleading that it pre-
sents more of an obstacle course than a
guide to disk file usage.
Reading it is nevertheless a good idea if
you don't take the details too seriously.
It does list the file types and various
commands, and gives you some idea of
what you can do with the 1541. I hope
this article will remove some of the ob-
stacles to using your disk drive and will
encourage you to write your own rec-
ord-managing programs. There are spe-
cific techniques to learn, but if you've
done even a little Basic programming,
the examples I'll give should enable you
to use relative files on your own.
Getting Started
I'm going to discuss two Basic pro-
grams, one that creates blank relative
files with specific properties and an-
other that uses a relative file system to
keep track of computer expenses. The
second program is a complete and use-
ful application as is, but its main func-
tion here is to demonstrate techniques
for accessing, reading and writing rela-
tive files. Both programs will run on
either a VIC-20 or a C-64, although the
screen displays are intended for the
C-64's 40-column screen.
I've separated the initial creation of
the file from its subsequent use for two
reasons. First, it's useful to write a gen-
eral-purpose program for creating rela-
tive files of a specified size, and, second,
the Basic command for opening a file
when it's first being created is slightly
different from the command for open-
ing it when you use it later.
There's really no advantage to com-
bining these two functions in the same
program. You'll need to create the file
only once, but the program for access-
ing the file will be altered and used
many times.
Before discussing either of the pro-
grams, let's consider the requirements
for a program to keep track of com-
puter expenses. You'll want to store the
date and amount of the purchase and a
description of the item. Of course,
you'll want to be able to examine all the
entries. You'd like to be able to add new
expenses and alter old records. (Sup-
pose, for example, you decided later on
to add the serial number of hardware to
its description.)
The simplest way to set up relative
files is as strings of characters. By using
Basic string functions, you can control
the exact pattern of characters to be
stored on the file.
This control can be applied as easily
to numbers as to text. In fact, you can
make the computer treat all data like
characters. This is reasonable because
record-managing programs usually in-
volve very little numerical calculation.
Your first programming task is to
think about how much space (how many
characters) it will take to store the infor-
mation you want for each transaction.
For each item, you must decide the
maximum number of characters you'll
need to express the information.
For instance, the date might be
11/10/83. That's eight characters. How
many characters to name the item?
Let's say 20. How about cost? Maybe
no more than 9999.99; you don't need
to include the dollar sign on the file.
Then say you allow another 40 charac-
ters for additional notes. That's a total
of 75 characters.
There's no reason to be stingy with
space at this point. You can easily
change the arrangement and contents of
a relative file, but once you've set the
maximum size of records on the file,
you're stuck with that total number of
characters per record.
Eighty characters should be plenty
for all the information you'll want to
store about each purchase. (Depending
on how data is written to the file, you'll
need a few more than the total of 75 I
just counted.) Now I'll show you how
to create the file, or at least its skeleton.
Creating the Relative File
I'm going to discuss the program
Open Rel File (see Listing 1) in detail be-
cause all the techniques covered now
will carry over to applications pro-
grams. Before you try to use this pro-
gram, you should load and run the C-64
or V1C-20 Wedge that is on your 1541
Test/Demo disk. It will give you some
simple commands for regaining control
of your system if you have disk prob-
lems (see p. 14 of the 1541 user's
manual).
Here's some analysis of the signifi-
cant program statements in Open Rel
File.
Line 30: Input the name of the file,
which will be truncated by the system to
no more than 16 characters. It's used to
identify your data file on the disk you
insert in the disk drive.
Line 35: Input the file/channel num-
ber. You can think of the file number as
identifying an area in the memory of the
1541's Disk Operating System (DOS)
that will be reserved for managing the
flow of data and commands between
your data file and the computer.
The channel number identifies a par-
ticular communication link between the
computer and the DOS. The file num-
ber can range from 1 to 127, and the
channel number from 2 to 14 (see the
user's manual, pp. 14-15). The file and
channel number can be the same, so
that's what I've done.
Since I've reserved file number 1 for
something else (see statement 90), the
Input prompt asks for a file/channel
number from 2 to 14. When you use
files created by the program, you can
assign whatever file and channel num-
ber you want. They're used only by the
DOS, and don't appear anywhere on
your physical data file. Does it seem
that specifying both a file and a channel
number shouldn't be necessary? Well, it
does to me, but that's a quirk of the sys-
tem you have to work with.
Line 65: Input the number of data
records and the number of characters
per record. Recall that the purpose of
Open Rel File is to create blank data
records. There's a reason for this, in-
volving the speed of subsequent opera-
tions with the file. However, you can al-
ways add more records at any time, just
by writing past the end of whatever file
you establish now.
So, you should allow yourself a rea-
sonable number of records for your ap-
plication, but don't worry about under-
estimating your ultimate needs. The
maximum I've specified, 700, is close to
the disk limit, and is actually more than
this disk drive can conveniently handle.
The character count for each record
should include one extra character for a
Return that the DOS normally puts at
the end of each record. The maximum
allowed number of characters, includ-
ing the Return, is 254. You should take
5 REM NAME "OPEN REL FILE", AUG83
10 REM OPENS A RELATIVE FILE. ASKS FOR FILE NAME,
11 REM FILE/CHANNEL, # OF DATA RECORDS AND CHARACTERS
13 REM PER RECORD. FILE NAMES ARE TRUNCATED TO 16
14 REM CHARACTERS. THE 1ST RECORD IS RESERVED FOR A
15 REM COUNTER WHICH WILL SERVE AS AN INDICATOR OF HOW
17 REM MANY DATA RECORDS HAVE BEEN WRITTEN WHEN THE
18 REM FILE IS USED LATER. THE LAST
19 REM RECORD CONTAINS THE WORD "END".
25 PRINT" {SHFT CLRJRELATIVE FILE CREATOR" : PRINT
30 INPUT"FILE NAME";N$
32 PRINT"NOTE: FILE NAMES TRUNCATED TO 16 CHAR"
33 IFLEN(N$ ) >16THENN$=LEFT$(N$,16 )
35 INPUT"FILE/CHANNEL# <2-14>";W
40 IFW<2 OR W>14 THEN 35
65 INPUT"MAX § DATA RECS , CHARS" JR,C
70 IFR<1THENPRINT"# RECS MUST BE >0":GOTO65
80 IFC<1THENPRINT"# CHARS MUST BE >0":GOTO65
90 OPEN1 ,8,15:SN=90:OPENW,8,W,N$+",L,"+CHR$(C):GOSUB900
95
96
97
100
120
125
130
134
135
136
137
138
139
150
900
905
910
91 5
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
PRINT" I HAVE OPENED A RELATIVE FILE."
PRINT" ITS NAME IS ";N$
PRINT" IT HAS ";C;" CHARACTERS PER RECORD"
;R2=0:IFR1 >255THENR2=INT(R1 /256 ) :R1 =R1 -256*R2
:PRINT#W, "0":GOSUB900
:PRINT#1 ,"F"CHR$(W)CHR$(1 JCHR${ ) CHR$ ( 1 ):GOSU
R1=R+2;
SN=120:
SN=125;
B900
SN=130:PRINT#1 ,"P"CHR$(W)CHR$(R1 ) CHR$ (R2 }CHR$ (1 ):GO
SUB900
SN=134:PRINT#W,"END":GOSUB900
PRINT" I'VE PUT A '0' IN THE FIRST RECORD"
PRINT"FOR YOU TO UPDATE AS A COUNTER WHEN 11
PRINT" YOU WRITE RECORDS TO THIS FILE."
PRINT"THEN I'VE WRITTEN 'END 1 AFTER THE"
PRINT"LAST DATA RECORD."
SN=1 50 :CLOSEW:GOSUB900 :CLOSE1 : STOP
INPUTS ,E,E$,T,S:IFE<20ORE=50THENRETURN
PRINT"DISK ERROR FROM SN";SN
PRINTE;E$;T;S:CLOSEW:CLOSE1 :STOP
RETURN
INPUT"FILE NAME";N$:INPUT"NUMBER OF RECORDS" ;R
W=2:OPEN1 , 8,15:SN=1010:OPENW,8,W,N$:GOSUB900
FORI=1TOR+2:R1=I
R2=0:IFR1 >255THENR2=INT(R1/256) :R1 =R1 -256*R2
SN = 1 040: PRINTS 1 ,"P"CHR$(W)CHR${R1 ) CHR$ < R2 ) CHR$ ( 1 ) :
GOSUB900
SN=1050:INPUT#W,Z$:GOSUB900:PRINTI;Z$:NEXT
SN=106Q:CLOSEW:GOSUB9Q0:CLOSE1 : END
READY.
Listing 1. Open Relative File program.
RUN April 1084 / 101
care to make the character count for
each record sufficient to handle all the
data you'll input, for if you want to ex-
pand the size of records in the future,
you'll have to create a new file. That's
easy enough, as long as you decide to do
it before you've already typed in so
many records that you can't bear the
thought of starting over!
_ Line 90: OPEN 1,8,15 opens and as-
signs the disk command channel. This
Open statement contains the same pa-
rameters as for opening data files, but it
doesn't involve files in the usual sense.
The first parameter is the file num-
ber. It can have any allowed value ex-
cept the one assigned to your data file,
but I've reserved the number 1 for this
purpose in all my file programs. The
disk drive device number is normally 8,
and there's no reason to change it unless
you have more than one disk drive. The
third parameter is the channel number.
Because it's number 15, the channel
reserved for disk commands, this Open
only initiates a communication link be-
tween the computer and the DOS; it
never operates directly on a disk file.
This "file" is used for transmitting
subsequent disk commands and error
messages back and forth between the
computer and the disk drive. Hence, it
should always be the first disk com-
mand in any program. OPEN W,8,W,
N$ + ",L," + CHR$(Q opens and as-
signs your data file with the file/channel
number, name and character count you
previously input. Now you're ready to
read and write data on the disk. The
syntax for this command is hard to re-
member, but if you use this program,
you'll never have to worry about it
again!
As long as a data file is open, the red
light on the 1541 will be on. A blinking
light indicates that an error has been de-
lected. The manual writers allege that
removing a disk when the red light is on
or blinking may destroy data. This is
one time I'd lake their word for it! If
your program crashes, leaving the red
light on, you should regain control of
the system as described below in the dis-
cussion of disk error checking. GO-
SUB900 checks for disk errors when the
file is opened (see line 900, below).
Line 100: Calculate parameters for
positioning the disk to a record just past
the end of the data records. (Although
I've let most of the errors in the 1541
user's manual go by without specific
comment, I can't help pointing out that
the formula given in statement 220 of
the program on p. 36 for determining
the low and high bytes of the record
number is wrong. It's a small point that
102 / RUN April 1984
wouldn't cause any trouble until you
tried to write the 256th record, but the
text should read IF Rl>255, not IF
Rl>256.)
Line 120: Write a zero in the first rec-
ord. This is the first command that ac-
tually changes or reads the contents of
your data file. The zero will be replaced
in later programs as you write data on
the file.
Line 125: Position the disk. The es-
sentia] requirement for random-access
files is the ability to locate any character
of any record from wherever you hap-
pen to be in the file at the time. For
Commodore relative files this feature is
implemented with PRINTS, where 1 is
the number set aside for the command
file. However, PRINTS! acts on your
data file through channel number N, as
specified from your input.
The general format for specifying
Don 't remove a disk
when the red light
is on or blinking.
Take the manual writer's
word for it!
disk-positioning information is CHRS
(R0)CHRS(R1)CHRS{R2)CHRS(R3),
where R0 is trie channel number, RI
and R2 are the "low" and "high" bytes
of the record number, and R3 is the byte
number in the record. Two numbers are
needed to specify the record number
because there's room on the disk for
more than 255 records, but 255 is the
largest number that will fit in one byte.
The formula for computing Rl and
R2 for any given record is given in state-
ment 100. Note that if Rl is initially a
number greater than 255, it is replaced
by the low byte value after R2 is
calculated. So if you intend to use this
value for something else, beware.
Line 130: Position the disk to the next
record after the last data record. The in-
teresting thing about using the position-
ing command here is that it forces the
DOS to create all the intermediate rec-
ords. This, as I mentioned previously, is
the operation that will speed up subse-
quent use of the file.
Line 134: Write an "END" on the
file. This isn't really required, but I've
done it so you'll be able to look at the
file once you've created it and sec just
what's there, including this little mes-
sage at the very end. This "END"
doesn't prevent you from making the
file longer in the future; you just write a
new record here and keep going.
Line 150: Finish the program by clos-
ing the files. The command channel
should always be closed last, so the
error-checking subroutine can continue
to monitor the status of the data file un-
til it's successfully closed.
Line 900: Check for disk errors. One
of the most important considerations in
using disk files is proper error checking.
It's inevitable that at some point your
programs will crash and the disk drive
will hang up. My own experience is that
you can always recover from such disas-
ters by checking for disk errors immedi-
ately after every disk operation.
The command file opened on channel
15 is the means for transmitting error
messages from the DOS. Once an error
has been detected by the subroutine at
line 900, the program will terminate,
and you can regain control of the
system by performing any legitimate
disk operation.
Assuming that you've run the C-64 or
V1C-20 Wedge, you can look at the
status of the command channel by typ-
ing ©[RETURN]. You can (and
should) always regain control by typing
@ I [RETURN]. Regaining control
means that the DOS will be forced to a
safe condition, so your file contents
won't be damaged. This includes clos-
ing the file so the red light on the disk
drive will go off.
The subroutine checks the error
channel for the error number E, error
message E$, and the track and sector
numbers El and F2 al which the error
was detected. The last two values aren't
of much interest for relative file use.
Numbers less than 20 aren't disk error
numbers, so they're ignored (sec p. 43 in
the user's manual).
Error number 50, Record Not Pres-
ent, is not necessarily an error when you
work with relative files. It means only
that the program has positioned itself
past the end of the file you've created.
You shouldn't try to read data in this
case, but you don't want to be bothered
with printing this as an error message
every time you write a new record.
My own convention for error check-
ing includes passing through variable
SN the statement number that calls the
subroutine. Then I'll always know where
in my program the error occurred. (Be
careful if you renumber your program
lines!) This subroutine may seem like a
lot of trouble, but 1 urge you to go
The
just got
^n p^
data manager
TTEl
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RUN April 1084 / 103
Listing 2. Computer Cost program.
1 REM PROGRAM NAME "COMPUTER COST"
2 REM DAVID R. BROOKS,
5 PRINTCHR$(14):F=80
10 POKE53280,0:POKE53281 ,0
20 OPEN! ,8,1 5:SN=20:OPEN2,8,2,"COMPDATA" :GOSUB900 :R0=2
30 PRINT" {SHFT CLR){4 SPACEs)**** {SHFT CJOMPUTBR {SHFT
C]OST {SHFT R}ECORDS ****"
40 PRINT:PRINT"{SHFT 0}PTIONS :": PRINT
41 PRINT"1 {SHFT LJIST ALL RECORDS WITH TOTAL"
42 PRINT"2 {SHFT AJLTER RECORD{S)
43 PRINT"3 (SHFT A)DD NEW RECORD(S)
44 PRINT" 4 (SHFT E)ND PROGRAM"
50 PRINT: INPUT" (SHFT OJPTION CHOICE"; J
55 ONJGOTO60,60,60,500
60 Rl =1 :R3=1 :SN=60:GOSUB920
70 SN=70:INPUT#2,N$:GOSUB900:N=VAL(N$)
105 ONJGOTO200,300,400,500
200 REM LIST ALL RECORDS AND TOTAL COST
202 T=0
209 GOSUB800
210 FORI=2TON+1
215 Rl=l:R3=1 :SN=215:GOSUB920
220 SN=220:INPUT#2,D$,ID$,C$,NO$:GOSUB900
222 C$=RIGHT${"(7 SPACEs) "+C$ ,7 )
225 PRINTRIGHT$("{2 SPACEs) " + STR$( 1-1 ) , 2 ) ; " { 2 SPACES)";
D$;TAB(13) ;ID$;TAB(32);C$:T=T+VAL(C$>
226 PRINT" {4 SPACEs) ";NO$
230 NEXT
231 PRINT" "
233 T$="$"+RIGHT${"{8 SPACEs) "+STR${T) ,8 )
234 PRINTTAB<18);"{SHFT TJOTAL COST; ";T$: PRINT
290 INPUT" (SHFT E)ND PROGRAM Y OR N";J$
292 IF J$="N"THEN40
294 GOTO500
300 REM ALTER RECORD(S)
315 PRINTN;" RECORDS WRITTEN"
320 INPUT"{SHFT AJLTER WHICHRECORD" ; WH
322 R1=WH+1 :R3 = 1 :SN=322:GOSUB920
322 R1=WH+1 :R3=1 :SN=322:GOSUB920
324 SN=324:INPUT#2,D$,ID$,C$,NO$:GOSUB900
325 PRINTD$;TAB(9) ;ID$;TAB(29) ;C$: PRINTNOS :SN=325:GOSUB
920
328 PRINT: PRINT" {SHFT TJYPE IN CHANGES, RETURN FOR NO C
HANGE . "
330 GOSUB600:REM INPUT NEW DATA
3 38 PRINT" {SHFT N}EW RECORD IS:"
339 PRINTD$,ID$,C$:PRINTNO$
340 Rl =WH+1 :SN=340:GOSUB920
341 SN=341 :S$=
00
':PRINT#2,D$;S$;ID$;S$;C$;S$;NO$:GOSUB9
350 INPUT" {SHFT M)ORE UPDATES, Y OR N" ;M$ : IFM$=" Y"THENG
OTO3 20
352 GOTO40
400 REM CREATE NEW RECORD(S)
410 PRINT" {SHFT N)EW RECORD WILL BE #";N+1
415 GOSUB600:REM INPUT NEW DATA
430 R1=N+2:R3=1 :SN=430 :GOSUB920
440 SN = 440:S$ = ",":PRINTjf/2,D$;S$;ID$;S$;C$;S$;NO$;GOSUB9
00
445 N=N+1
450 INPUT"[SHFT MJORE RECORDS, Y OR N" ;M$ : IFM$="Y"THENG
OTO410
455 R1=1 :R3 = 1 :SN=455:GOSUB920
460 SN=460:PRINT#2,STR$(N> :GOSUB900
465 GOTO40
500 REM END PROGRAM
510 CLOSE2:SN=510:GOSUB900:CLOSE1 ;END
600 REM INPUT DATA FOR ONE RECORD
601 INPUT" (SHFT D)ATE, DY/MO/YR";D$
602 PRINT"{SHFT D)ESCRIPTION, TO HERE."
603 PRINT" {SHFT D)ON'T USE COMMAS OR COLONS." -^
104 / RUN April 1984
ahead and put it in every disk program.
Lines 1000-1060: Read the file. By
typing RUN1000[RETURN], you can
examine the file you just created. The
program assigns 2 for the file/channel
number. You should understand the
positioning command now. Rl is set to
the start of each data record in succes-
sion by the For . . . Next loop IN-
PUT#W,Z$ reads what's in the record.
You might be surprised to see a it in
the supposedly blank data records. It's
put there by the DOS when it creates the
record. When you write data records,
your first character will replace the x.
So, that's it. Use this program to cre-
ate a file named Compdata, with 25 rec-
ords (this number doesn't really matter)
and 80 characters per record (this one
does). Now you're ready to use this file
in a program.
Using a Relative File
Listing 2 displays my computer ac-
count program, Computer Cost. This
program allows you to perform three
basic record-managing functions: list-
ing, adding and altering records. Once
you understand how to use relative files
here, you should be able to write your
own applications. (In Part 3 of this
series, I'll show you a more complicated
example you can use for managing your
bank account records.)
In serveral places, Computer Cost
uses disk commands that have already
been used and described in Open Rel
File, I've tried not to duplicate that
discussion.
Line 5: Clear screen. F is the maxi-
mum allowed record length for this file
(see line 615).
Line 10: Change background and
border to black. (Note; Delete this line
for the VIC-20.)
Line 20: Open command channel and
data file Compdata. Check for errors
after every disk command, R0 is the
channel number for positioning com-
mands applied to the data file.
Line 40: Print a menu of available
options. One option should always be
to end the program properly by closing
the data and command files. After go-
ing through any of the options except
the last, you should always return to
this point in the program so you can
make additional choices.
Line 50: Input choice of options from
menu. You might wish to add a test on J
to make sure it's a number from 1 to 4.
Line 55: Close the disk files if option
4 is chosen.
Line 60: Set positioning parameters
for the first byte of the first record. The
actual disk positioning is done in the
ircla 122 an Readei Service card.
The Next Generation
In Computer Education,
STEP BY STEP
INSTRUCTIONS
Jse your VCR side by side with your com-
puter to learn disk operating systems, how
o program, and how to use programs. Your
/CR along with your computer serve as your
personal tutor. Pause your VCR to review
ind learn at your own pace.
3ENERAL DESCRIPTIONS BYCATAGORY
Electronic Worksheets: EW series
Detailed step by step instruction in the use
o) electronic spread-sheet software. Work
along and set up a complete example work-
sheet.
Basic Programming: BP series
Teaches BASIC language commands and
programming techniques. Builds your know-
ledge from beginning to advanced levels.
Word Processing: WP series
Work along instruction teaches the use of
word processing software. Learn text
manipulation commands by following ex-
amples provided.
BASIC Data File Programming: DIO series
Teaches BASIC language commands for use
with your Commodore disk drive. Learn
techniques for RANDOM, SEQUENTIAL, and
RELATIVE access data files.
Utility programs: UT series
Teaches use of useful utility programs, such
as "THE LAST ONE" program generating
package.
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RUN April 1984 / 105
Listing 2 continued,
604 INPUTIDS
606 INPUT" (SHFT CJOST, NO $ SIGN, <=9999 . 99" ;C$
608 PRINT" {SHFT I INPUT NOTES, TO HERE
610
615
616
620
625
640
800
802
803
805
808
809
810
900
902
905
910
920
925
930
935
PRINT" {SHFT DJON'T USE COMMAS OR COLONS .": INPUTNOS
IFLEN(D$+ID$+C$+NO$+"H SPACEs}") < =FTHENRETURN
PRINT"LENGTH" ;LEN( D$+ID$+C$+NO$+" { 4 SPACEs) " )
PRINT" (SHFT T}HE DATA YOU'VE INPUT IS TOO LONG TO F
IT ON THE DISK RECORD."
PRINT" [SHFT T)RY AGAIN- .." :GOTO601
RETURN
REM HEADING SUBROUTINE
PRINT"{SHFT CLR}": PRINT" {SHFT OOMPUTER {SHFT RJECO
RDS {SHFT SlUMMARY"
PRINTN$;" RECORDS WRITTEN"
PRINT:PRINT"{SHFT R}EC {SHFT D)ATE{5 SPACEs} {SHFT D
}ESCRIPTION(10 SPACEs}{SHFT C)OST"
PRINT" § DY/MO/YR"
PRINT" "
RETURN
REM DISK ERROR CHECKING
INPUTrfM ,E,E$,E1 ,E2;IFE<20 OR E=50THENRETURN
PRINT"ERROR FROM STATEMENT" ;SN: PRINTE;E$ :CLOSE2:CLO
SE1 :STOP:RETURN
RETURN
REM POSITION POINTER FOR GIVEN CHANNEL (R0 ), STARTING
RECORD (R1) AND BYTE(R3)
R2=0:IFR1 >255THENR2=INT(R1/256):R1=R1-256*R2
PRINTS! ,"P"CHR$(R0)CHR$(R1 )CHR$ ( R2 ) CHRS(R3 ) :GOSUB90
RETURN
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subroutine at line 920. This subroutine
calls the error-checking subroutine.
Line 7ft Read the number of data
records currently existing on the file.
Convert the string variable into a num-
ber with the VAL function.
Line 105: Select the appropriate sec-
tion of the program.
Line 200: This section lists all the rec-
ords currently on the file.
Line 202: Initialize the total cost to
zero.
Line 209: Write the display heading.
Line 210: Establish a For... Next
loop to read the records, starting at the
second.
Line 215: Position the disk to the first
byte of the ith record.
Line 220: Read the data in the record.
Sec line 341 for a description of what
the record actually looks like.
Line 222: Right-justify the cost string
so the decimal points will line up.
Line 225: Print the data and update
the cost total by converting C$ to a
number and adding it to T.
Line 226: Print the notes on a
separate line.
Line 233: Convert the total cost to a
string, and print it right -justified.
Line 290: Get back to the menu, if de-
sired.
Line 300: This section allows you to
change any part of any record. Note
that I've tried to make the existence of a
counter record on the file invisible to the
user. The Input prompt refers to the
data record, not the actual record
number on the file.
Line 320: Input data record number
you want to change.
Line 322: Position to the appropriate
record.
Line 324: Read the data as it current-
ly exists on the disk.
Line 330; Read in the new parameters
(see line 600).
Line 340; Reposition the disk back to
the beginning of this record. The posi-
tioning parameters from line 322 still
apply. This is an easy step to forget;
don't! Respecifying R1=WH+1 will
be necessary only if you have more than
255 records on the file.
Line 341: Put the new data on the
disk in place of what's already there.
Each variable represents a "field" of
characters. The fields are separated by a
comma. A Return character CHR$(I3)
could also be used as a separator, but a
semicolon cannot, despite what the
1541 user's manual says.
Note that you actually have to write
the separator character on the record.
PRINT#2,D$,ID$,C$,NO$ is not the
same. PRINTffi,D$;lD$;C$;NO$ would
put all the parameters together as one
field. This is all right, but would require
different treatment of the Inputs com-
mand; the entire field would be read in
as one variable, and then "decoded."
I'll have more to say about decoding
records in Part 2 of this series. For now,
as long as you have enough room on the
record, using field separators is the eas-
iest way to write and read disk records.
Two final points: you can't abbrevi-
ate Print if with a ?#, and remember that
the Prints as I've written it here
automatically puts a Return character
after the last character in the last field.
Line 350: Give yourself a chance to
update more records.
Line 400: This section is for adding
new records to the file.
Line 415: Read in new data.
Line 430: Position to the start of the
new record. As an example, if there are
already ten data records on the disk,
you're writing data record number 11,
which will be the 12th record on the file.
Line 440: Write the data on the disk,
with field separators.
Line 445: Update the date record
counter.
Line 450: Give yourself a chance to
add more records.
Line 455: Position back to the
counter record.
Line 460: Write the new record
counter on the disk every time you add
new ones. This is another step that's
easy to forget.
Line 500: This section is for closing
files.
Line 510: CLOSE the data file first,
then the command file.
Line 600: This subroutine is for
reading in new data. If you're altering
an old record, entering a Return in
response to an Input prompt will leave
the old data unchanged.
Line 603: Don't use commas or co-
lons in the data fields. When you read
the record, the comma will be inter-
preted as a field separator and the colon
will signal the end of the record. The
DOS has no way of knowing when
commas or colons are intended as part
of the data field.
Enclosing the whole data string in
quotes when you input it won't help,
either. This difficulty can be overcome
by using different approaches to Prints
and Inputs, but it's not as easy as you'd
like it to be. So, for this program, I've
just avoided the problem altogether. I
admit it can be a minor annoyance.
Line 615: The Input prompts give
you some help about how many charac-
ters you're allowed for each data field,
but they don't actually prevent you
from inputting fields that are too long
for the record length you've established
with Open Rel File. You should provide
a test for this, because your program
will crash if you try to write too many
characters on the disk record.
In this case, there are four fields,
needing three separators. The Print#
command adds one more character, the
Return. I've indicated back in statement
5 that the maximum record length
should be 80 characters. The test uses
the LEN function to determine the
length of all the data fields, plus four
extra spaces.
Of course, you could still have just
one field that's too long; perhaps you
could get away with writing it on the
disk, but your screen display would be
messed up. You can test the length of
each data field if you like. My concern
here is to prevent an illegal disk opera-
tion.
Line 620: Give yourself a chance to
correct your input if necessary.
Line 900: This subroutine performs
disk error checking and prints the state-
ment number SN if an error is detected.
Line 920: This subroutine positions
the disk for reading or writing at a given
channel number, record and byte. This
requires some software activity in the
DOS, as well as physical motion of the
disk read/write mechanism. The time
required for physical positioning is
mostly what establishes the speed of
disk operations. Positioning errors will
be detected in subroutine 900.
In Conclusion
If you're interested in what this file
program is doing, it might occur to you
to generate some records with Com-
puter Cost and then took at the file
Compdata by loading Open Rel File
and typing RUN 1000. Are all the data
fields there? No. You should be able to
figure out why not, based on my
previous discussions of the Input# and
Print# commands. If not, I'll have more
to say about it in Part 2 of this series.
Also in Part 2 will be a number of ex-
amples that will demonstrate many of
the quirks and pitfalls associated with
relative files. Once you've been through
them, I hope you'll understand why I
did things the way 1 did in Computer
Cost and have a better idea of how to
adapt relative file programs for your
own purposes. OS
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RUN April 19S4 / 107
C-64 Superkeys
This enhanced program list-
ing offers the last word
when it comes to defining func-
tion keys for the Commodore 64.
The article also contains a useful
overlay that will help you re-
member the function keys defin-
itions.
By Jack W. Simmons
RUN It Right
Commodore 64
Address author correspondence to Jack
W, Simmons, 5757 Bobby Dale Lane,
Chattanooga, TN 37415.
108 / RUN April 1984
When I first read "Programming
VIC's Function Keys," by Jim Wilcox
in the November 1982 issue of COM-
PUTE!, 1 had just purchased my new
Commodore 64 and was anxious for
some useful software. Wilcox wrote his
program in machine language, which
allows you to program the eight func-
tion keys of the VIC-20 so that a single
keystroke performs operations normal-
ly executed while in the direct mode
(List, Run, Save, Peek, Poke, etc.).
Because I was interested in learning
assembly language for the 6502/6510
microprocessors, I decided to attempt a
conversion of the program for use with
the C-64. Armed with Jim Butterfield's
Supermon {COMPUTE!, January 1983),
as well as with memory maps of the
VIC-20 and the C-64, I set out to ac-
complish the task.
The first obstacle I encountered in-
volved the two memory locations (00
and 01) that make the VIC-20's 6502
chip different from the 65 10 chip in the
C-64. These locations are used by the
hardware on the C-64 and are not avail-
able for machine language programs.
This is not the case for the VIC-20,
and Wilcox used these two locations as
working storage registers. In order to
make the changes relatively simple, I
decided to use two alternate locations in
the zero page of memory, namely loca-
tions 247 and 248 ($F7 and $F8 hex).
This is the RS-232 receive pointer, so if
you're using the RS-232 port on your
C-64, you'll need to choose two other
locations if you plan to use this pro-
gram.
The next obstacles were the subrou-
tine branches to SC644 and SC474 in
Wilcox's VIC program. Branches to
these locations execute New and Ready
in the VIC Basic ROM, and delete the
Basic loader program after the function
keys are defined. Equivalent locations
on the C-64 are SA644 and SA474, re-
spectively.
Finally, the IRQ vector on the VIC-
20 is set to location SEABF. On the
C-64 the vector is set to SEA31. This al-
lows the C-64 to scan the keyboard sixty
times each second to check, among oth-
er things, if one of the function keys is
pressed.
Listing 1 is a converted version of
Wilcox's VIC-20 program. If you have
access to a recorded version of the
VIC-20 program, you need only add
lines 61-64 and 120-180. The remaining
lines are unchanged.
Speedy Superkeys
As I began to use the converted pro-
gram, I found it most helpful in reduc-
ing keystrokes for those repetitive oper-
ations I perform while in the direct
mode, such as Print Peek(44), Run, List
and SYS38893. These characters can be
assigned to a function key and executed
with a single keystroke.
However, the more I used the pro-
gram, I realized that several enhance-
ments were needed before it would en-
tirely meet my programming needs.
Listing 2 is my enhanced version, enti-
tled C-64 Superkeys, which, with the
following changes, performs the same
function as the simpler version of the
program.
Because the C-64 has ample RAM
available, there is no need to use the cas-
sette buffer for the key-definition por-
tion of the program. Consequently, I
moved and revised this routine to allow
you to easily redefine the keys when
your needs change, without interference
from tape I/O operations.
Supermon is always the first program
1 load into my C-64, It is located in
$97ED-$9FFF. Therefore, I designed
C-64 Superkeys to reside just below Su-
permon, in $9400-$97EC. The program
includes 255 bytes for storage of the
function-key definitions. Additionally,
the top of Basic pointers are set so that
Basic programs do not interfere with
either C-64 Superkeys or the key defini-
tions.
Whenever you perform a warm start
on the C-64 by pressing the run/stop
Fig. 1. Sample function keys overlay.
and restore keys, the IRQ vector is reset
to the normal location (SEA31). When
this occurs, the function-key program
no longer works, because the IRQ rou-
tine performs normally instead of al-
lowing execution of the machine lan-
guage routine that enables the function
keys. C-64 Superkeys allows you to re-
store the function keys to their previ-
ously defined configuration after a
warm restart.
After defining the function keys and
becoming involved in other program-
ming matters, I often find I've forgot-
ten the functions previously assigned to
each key. C-64 Superkeys allows you to
conveniently display the current key
definitions and redefine keys if neces-
sary. Wilcox's original version doesn't
allow key redefinition after the program
in the cassette buffer is destroyed.
Handy Overlays
I have designed a keyboard overlay
for the VIC-20 or C-64 function keys
that allows me to label each key with its
current definition. I've found these
overlays useful for the C-64 Superkeys
program, as well as for other commer-
cial or customized programs that use
the function keys.
The overlays are especially useful for
software such as games, where you se-
lect skill levels or program options via
the function keys. An example of one of
these overlays, with some of the func-
tions 1 normally use with C-64 Super-
keys, is shown in the accompanying
Fig. I.
Before running either program 1 or 2,
be sure to type in the Data statements
exactly as shown and save them to tape
or disk, Run the program and wait for
Fl = ? to appear on the screen. Follow
this with the keystrokes you wish to as-
sign to key 1 (use a back-arrow to repre-
sent a carriage return) and press the re-
turn key.
Repeat this procedure for each of the
keys until all are defined. Simply press
the return key if you don't want to de-
fine any particular key. After they are
all defined, the computer will respond
with READY, and the function keys are
set to use.
If you're using C-64 Superkeys, rath-
er than the translated VIC version, you
can execute the following options at any
time. To display the current key defini-
tions, simply type SYS38144. To
change them, type SYS38276.
I normally assign these two functions
to keys 7 and 8 so that they are readily
available and easily executable. To re-
store the operability of the function
keys following a system warm restart,
type SYS38728.
If you'd like a copy of C-64 Super-
keys, but don't wish to enter all those
Data statements, I'll send you two veri-
fied copies if you'll mail me a tape or
disk, $3 and a self-addressed stamped
mailer.
If you'd like five blank, professional-
ly prepared keyboard overlays as de-
scribed in this article, send an additional
$3.50. You'll find them to be very
handy when using C-64 Superkeys, and,
as time goes by, you'll probably begin
using function keys more hi your own
programs. II
20/64 FUNCTION KEYS
1 RluGR AM
1 NAME
1 TAPE OS
1 DISK
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1 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Fig. 2. Full-size blank overlay for your use.
RUN April 1984 / 109
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Circle 170 on Reader Service card.
CO'*'* 6 A
p°°:
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RUN April 1084 / 111
Color
l II
Dilemma
Coping with Commodore's
color combinations can be
confusing. This article lets you
brighten up your microcomput-
ing decor and helps you deter-
mine which combo works best for
your particular application.
By Karl Thurber
Address author correspondence to Karl
Thurber, Jr., 317 Poplar Drive, Mill-
brook, AL 36054.
The VIC-20's standard blue text on
white background, with a blue border,
looks good on most TV sets and color
monitors, though the monitor's quality
is better.
For many utility and business pro-
grams, the use of black text, rather than
blue, makes Tor a more professional
and higher contrast appearance (though
the blue border still looks fine).
The black text can be obtained by
simply typing PRINT "[CTRL 1]" in
an early line of the program. In some
applications, you may wish to omit the
border; that is, let it be the same color as
the background.
Appendix E of the VIC-20's instruc-
tion manual contains the complete list
of screen and border color combina-
tions; for example, to obtain both a
white screen and border, type in POKE
36879,25.
Try experimenting with the values
shown in this table along with the eight
text colors to see which combinations
give the most pleasant appearance on
your monitor for your particular appli-
cation. With a black and white or green-
screen monitor, these selections won't
be of great concern, but certain screen
and cursor colors will result in reduced
contrast, and, in extreme cases, unread-
able text and/or viewing fatigue.
Bear in mind that the screen, border
and text color combinations you select
using Poke and Print statements will re-
main active in the computer's memory,
unless another subsequently run pro-
gram changes these color combinations,
or unless the computer is either reset or
turned off and recycled on.
Surprisingly, many find the Commo-
dore 64's color display to be less sharp
and clear than the display of the less ex-
pensive VIC-20. While the VIC's colors
don't seem to have a compatibility
problem, you must be very careful with
the assignment of screen, border and
text colors when using the C-64. While
the low contrast, light blue text on blue
background obtained on power-up is
tolerable, better displays are possible.
Most of the 64's colors will look al-
right on a black and white or green-
screen monitor, but it's a different ball-
game when using a color monitor.
For best readability of text on a color
monitor, a stark, high contrast black
and white effect can be achieved by en-
tering in an early line of a program:
POKE 53280, l:POKE 53281, 15:PR3NT
"(COMD 5]"
The text produced is particularly sharp;
the dark gray text is set against a very
light gray background with white bor-
der — a combination that may be loo
stark, with too much contrast, for some
tastes.
(A popular combination you may
have trouble with on your color moni-
tor is, surprisingly, black text on a white
background. Many monitors, including
the Comrex CR-6500, blur when this
particular combination is used.)
For most business and utility pro-
grams, a very satisfactory gray-on-gray
is achieved with:
POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281 , 1 l:PRINT
"(COMD 5]"
The result is a very businesslike screen
presentation.
A pleasing dark gray text on white
background for many general purposes
is achieved with the following:
POKE 53280,6: POKE 53281, 12:PRINT
"[COMD 41"
This series of commands produces a
blue border; an alternate border (red) is
achieved by changing the first Poke to
53280,2.
Many users find that the screen dis-
play is cleaned up nicely by simply pok-
ing in a green border and gray #3
112 /RUN April 1984
screen— POKE 53280, 5: POKE 53281,
15. Considering the specific applica-
tion, you can try many other combina-
tions on your particular monitor.
Note that there's considerable inter-
action in overall screen appearance be-
tween the border and background col-
ors, so when you change one, be sure to
run through various combinations of
the other (and text colors, too) when
you look for the most natural and pleas-
ant display.
Also, you could consult the chart en-
titled Suggested Screen and Character
Combinations, on page 152 of the
Commodore 64 Programmer's Refer-
ence Guide to see which color combina-
tions should be avoided, and which
should work well together.
Note that there are 256 border and
screen combinations possible on the 64.
Then, too, there arc 16 colors available
for text, so the choices are wide, indeed!
Extra Tips
For games which make use of many
colors, either a black or a white back-
ground will probably give you the few-
est problems with incompatible color
combinations.
Of special interest to owners of the
Commodore 1701 or 1702 color moni-
tor: These monitors contain special cir-
cuitry that dramatically improves the
C-64's video presentation, making most
color combinations compatible with
one another. With my 1701, I have set-
There are 256
border and screen combinations
possible on the 64,
with 16 colors
available for text.
tied on two primary color schemes:
1. For most general-purpose pro-
grams, I use a high-contrast, tight-gray-
on-dark gray with a blue border,
achieved by typing in:
POKE53280,6:POKE5328 1 , 1 1 :PR1NT
"|COMD g]"
2. For an easy-on-t he-eyes, simu-
lated green-screen monitor presentation
that's just right for word processing,
you can obtain a superb screen display
with:
POKE 53280. 13:POKE 53281.13:PRINT
"(COMD 5]"
Both of these color schemes produce
on the 1701 or 1702 monitors highly
readable displays that make most of the
C-64's color problems vanish. Natural-
ly, the color intensity, brightness and
contrast controls on the monitor's front
panel must be adjusted for the best pre-
sentation.
Also, to benefit from these monitors'
outstanding capabilities, you must con-
nect them to the C-64 with a three-wire
(luminance, chroma and audio) cable,
not with a two-wire cable. The latter is
suitable for connecting up the VIC-20,
but not the C-64.
If you have both computers, connect
the VIC to the 1701's or I702's front
panel connectors using a two-wire ca-
ble. Connect the C-64 to the rear panel
connectors with a three-wire cable. You
may use the rear slide switch on the
monitor to select display between the
two computers without plugging or un-
plugging. 11
Circle 147 on Reader Service card.
M'FILE
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MUSICWRITER-64
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using high resolution printer graphics!!!
Create— Edit— Play Three Full Voices
Ideal professional tool for:
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Great learning tool for students.
Disk Software for the Commodore 64
CONTACT: DOUBLE E ELECTRONICS 12027 PACIFIC STREET OMAHA NE. 68154 402-334-7870
RUN April 1984 / 113
Create a VICasso, Part II
Enter the multicolorful world
of graphics characters with
the techniques described in this
tutorial for the unexpanded
VIC-20.
By Stephen Erwin
The first installment of this article
("Create a VICasso," RUN, February
1984) discussed the basic steps necessary
to make programmable characters i'or
your VIC-20, and it described a Pro-
grammable Character Generator to do
all the hard work for you. As you may
recall, the first step is to transfer 64
characters from ROM into RAM,
where they can be redesigned. Each of
these characters is made up of 64 dots
(eight bytes of memory, with eight bits
per byte and each bit controlling a dot).
Multicolor characters are also made
up of 64 dots, but when they're printed,
only 32 larger dots are visible. It seems
the computer must have some way to
tell which colors to use, and it does this
black
8 orange
1 white
9 It. orange
2 red
10 pink
3 cyan
11 It. cyan
4 purple
12 It. purple
5 green
13 It. green
6 blue
14 It. blue
7 yellow
15 It. yellow
Fig. L VIC-20 color Pokes.
by grouping the dots in pairs. It takes
two high-resolution dots to make one
multicolor dot.
Try this: enter POKE 646,10 and
then type a few letters. The letters look
strange and are hard to read because
each dot is twice as wide and the dots
are different colors. Now hold down the
CTRL key and type 7 to return the
screen to normal.
One way to enter the world of multi-
color characters is to Poke location 646
with a number equal to the normal
character color Poke plus 8. This allows
printing in the multicolor mode. You
can restore normal colors by using the
CTRL key and the color keys as usual.
Multicolor characters can use up to
four colors: the screen, border, auxil-
iary and character colors. You set the
screen and border colors for the entire
00 = screen color
01 = border color
10 = character color
11= auxiliary color
Fig. 2. The bit pattern for displaying
the colors.
RUN It Right
VIC-20
Address author correspondence to
Stephen Erwin, 102 Hickory Court,
Portland, IN 47371 '.
1
1
1
@
110 10
110 10
110 10
110 10
10
10
10
10
00000000
00000 000
000
000
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
00
00
1
1
B
10
10
10
10
10
11110
11110
110
Fig. 3. Three color characters.
114 / RUN April 1984
Circle 135 on Reader Service card.
The Commodore 64™
Picture Book
The VIC™ Picture Book
(N'adler) Here's the best way for first
time VIC and Commodore 64 owners
to gel siaried- -simple pictorial guides
thai explain all operating and pro
gramming functions, from opening
the box lo setting up hardware to pro-
gramming. Everything is explained
and demonstrated in sequential
photos. You follow along visually. No
confusing instructions. No "com-
puterese". Even programming exer-
cises are Illustrated. You check your
results against photos of what should
appear on the screen. A quick way to
advance lo more sophisticated tech
niques and rou lines.
Commodore 64™ version,
#6453, SI0.95
VIC™ version, #6303, 110.95
Commodore 64™ Programs
for the Home
(Sternberg) A collection of 39 pro-
grams for every member of ihe
household. Includes home budget pro-
grams, educational games, and pro-
grams for managing finances, arrang
ing schedules, and more Each pro
gram is documented with a description
of its function, a listing in Commodore
64 BASIC, a symbol (able, sample daia.
and a sample run #5176, SI 3.95
VIC™ Games
(Hampshire) Contains 36 exciting
game programs. Arcade-style and
strategy games provide challenges, test
nerve and patience. Drive the Grand
I'rix, battle space pirates, solve the
Kubik's Cube. Kducaiional games also
provide hours of fun while improving
vocabulary and spelling skills.
#1060, S12.95
JKE»
Stimulating Simulations
for the VIC™
Stimulating Simulations
for the Commodore 64™
(Engel) Unique game programs thai re-
quire no programming expertise. In-
cludes: Devil's Dungeon: Unheard of
wealth in the dark, deep raves. Watch
out for the volcanic tremors, bot-
tomless pits... and the monsters. Lost
Treasure: It's buried somewhere on
the island. Stick lo the map route. The
wools are uncharted and the waters
shark infested. Jewel Thief: The
museum, the priceless jewel, the five
suspecis — who done it?
And nine other fascinating games
that have you battle a forest fire,
manage a corporation, pilot a space
ship, and more.
Commodore 64™ version,
#5201, 17.50
VIC™ version, #5173, *7.50
VIC and Commodore e>4 are trademark ol Com-
modore Business Machines, trie., which is not
affiliated with Hayden Book Company. Inc.
Basic Commodore 64™ BASIC
(Coan) The key to using and enjoying
I lie Commodore 64— a fast reading
guide to operating and programming.
The approach is simple and direct,
Stan with Short computer programs.
Add a new capability. Watch as the
desired effect on the program is
created and illustrated. Based on
Havden's best-selling Basic Apple
BASIC #6456, 114.95
Commodore 64™ Graphics
VIC™ Graphics
(Hampshire) Produce dazzling graphics
with programs that include color plot-
ting, drawing maps, rainbows, geo-
metric figures, pie charts and line
graphs, character and shape design,
moving figures on ihe screen, and
more. Programs develop, revealing
techniques for three-dimensional
drawing, and for adding perspective,
Commodore 64™ version,
#1069, $14.95
VIC™ version, #1057, J 1 3.95
Order by Phone
1-800-631-0856
operator RUM • In NJ 201-.193-G315
Hayden
n
Hayden Book Company, Inc*
DepL JiL.-i4
IDMulholldnd Drive
HAsfaroiKk Heights, N j 07604
PEe&* send me the t>ook(s) indicated below
by code number. If I am not completely
satisfied I may return ihe bookfsj undam-
aged within 10 day* for a complete refund
I am enclosing 12 ,00 to cover postage
and ti.-!;i.'iiMiL;
D Enclosed is mv check or money order
D BUI my □ Visa D MwWrCtrd
Staee.'Zif.
\ lia/MasterCard r
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Signature
Prices subied in t hanp
Residents nf Sj md CA must add ul« tax
RUN April 1984 / 115
screen by Poking location 36879 with
the values on page 134 of the user's
guide. The auxiliary color, used only for
the multicolor characters, is also set for
the entire screen by using the following
formula, where X equals the color Poke
from Fig. 1 .
POKE 36878.XM6
Character color is the only one that
can be different in each character. It is
set as described above for printing, or
you can Poke the normal character col-
or code plus 8 into the screen color lo-
cation when you're Poking characters
onto the screen.
Fig. 2 shows the bit pattern neces-
sary to display each color. To show
how this works, we're going to make
three characters with the bit patterns as
shown in Fig. 3.
If you have a Programmable Char-
acter Generator, you can use it to draw
these characters. If not, you can enter
the short program in Listing 1. When
either program has been run, typing an
@ will produce the first odd little char-
acter in Fig. 3. The character has been
divided into four small boxes, with
each box containing the bit pattern for
a different color.
Now enter POKE 646,13 and type
the @. Suddenly the holes in the char-
acter have been filled in, and it is now
10
POKE
52,28
;POKE56,28:CLR
20
FOR T=7168
TO 7679:POKE T, PEEK( T+25600 ) :NEXT
30
POKE36869,
255
40
READ
A: IF
A=-1 THEN200
50
FOR T=0TO7
:READ B:POKE71 68+A*8+T , B :NEXT
60
GOTO
40
61
DATA
,250,250,250,250,80,80,80,80
62
DATA
1 ,0,
3, 20, 20,52, 52, 53, 53
63
DATA
2 ,32
,32,32,32,32,60,60,48
200 DATA-1
Listing I. Multicolor generator program.
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■ Commodore 64. VIG-20 are trademarks ol Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
MasterCard, Visa, Money Order, Bank Check
U.S. orders add $2.50 shiptiinrj & h.nidiiinj, COD (add $5.00,
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Dealer inquiries invited. COM PU SCOPE, 6400 Siynnl St., Tillamook, OR 97141
Circle 178 on Reader Service card.
116 /RUN April 1984
composed of four solid blocks of col-
or. In this case, black is the auxiliary
color, green is the character color, cyan
is the border color and white is the
screen color. Now enter
POKE 36878,10*16: POKE 646,13:
POKE 36879,24
PRINT CHRS(65):PR1NT CHR$(66>
You have suddenly transformed
characters A and B into a side view of a
little girl. The detail is poor because of
the low resolution. However, by com-
bining colors and using the auxiliary
color pink for the skin (a color which
couldn't be used in characters before),
you have created an attractive figure
that would look quite nice in a game
program.
One advantage of auxiliary color is
that it gives you the ability to introduce
colors which are outside the color range
of standard characters. Unfortunately,
only one auxiliary color can be used for
the whole screen at any one time.
As you should see by now, the trick
to drawing multicolor characters on the
Programmable Character Generator is
learning to visualize what the characters
will look like after they have been con-
verted to multicolor — with the double
dot patterns converted to solid multicol-
or dots.
If this proves too difficult, another
method is to draw the character as a sol-
id character, remembering to keep the
dots in pairs. Then when the character is
complete, use the F3 erase function to
create the proper dot pattern for the col-
ors. Testing is done by Poking location
646 with the desired multicolor charac-
ter color Poke and then using the
CTRL and the blue keys to return the
screen to normal before continuing.
Try one last experiment. Enter this:
PRINT CHR$(147):POKE 646,10:
FORT = 0TO 220: PRINT CHR$(64);:NEXT
Now enter the following three pokes,
one at a time:
POKE 36878,2*16
POKE 36879,25
POKE 36878,9*16
In each case the entire display is al-
tered instantly to what appears to be an
entirely different character. This instant
action across the entire screen is another
advantage of multicolor characters.
The special effects possible for games
are limited only by your imagination.
Have fun!
For a tape copy of the Programmable
Character Generator for the unex-
panded VIC, send me a tape, a self-ad-
dressed stamped envelope and $3 — or
just send $4.50— and I'll be glad to
oblige. E
Circle 5 on Reader Service card
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Circle 231 on Reader Service card.
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Hot off the Press!
COMMODORE 64
INTERFACING BLUE BOOK
Similar to the VIC edition below
but expanded to over 30 pro-
jects specifically lor the 64.
SI 6.9 5.
VIC 20 INTERFACING
BLUE BOOK
Did you know that your VIC can be
used lo control a 994 toy molar so ulfuc-
u ■.-*■■ i y thai >t runs like a precision
machine? Or thai you can build an accu-
rate digital thermometer using the VIC
and four other parts costing less than $5?
These and other 28 interfacing projects
selected tor usefulness, ease ol con-
struction and low cost are detailed m the
VIC-20 Interfacing Blue Book, a vertiable
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how to build a variety of interfaces for
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Projects include: Connecting VIC to
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RAM/ROM expansion: 126K RAM expan-
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Allophone speech synthesiser. Light pen,
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Written by a college professor m a
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struction hints and sources or materials
for each ona of the 30 projects.
Price la 514.95 pmlpa Id.
Foreign order* add 53 for AIR MAIL shipping
NEW! VOICE INPUT
FOR THE VIC 20
Now there is a new way to enter
data and commands lo your VIC.
Youcantalktoit'TheVIVICspeech
recognition peripheral from
MICROSIGNAL enables your com-
puter to understand and respond
to your spoken commands. Just
imagine the possibilities'
You can train VI VIC lo recognize
up to 32 words or short phrases of
your choice, by Sim ply saying each
word three times under the prompt-
ing of the VIC. Once VIVIC is
trained, it will respond to your
voice when you say a word that is in
the vocabulary you have chosen.
Adding voice input to your pro-
grams is as easy as adding a line of
BASIC. The manual gives you step
by step instructions on how to do
it.
VIVIC is a complete system in-
cluding hardware that plugs into
the user port, quality microphone,
cassettewith soltwareand manual.
It requires a VIC 20 with at least
16K of additional RAM.
Order your VIVIC today and start
talking with your VIC Send us a
check (allow 3 weeks to clear) or
money order for S99 (we pay pos-
tage in the US. foreign add S 1 0) to
the address below:
micr-nsignal
Dopt. E, P.O. BOX 22
MILLWOOD, NY 10546
in ::> Vic ;o .it ;ii m ;n vu ,'P .If II) VK 10 VK 10 VK 10 VK 1(1 VK JO vi< ra YK .0
f*
Circle 280 on Reader Service card.
OA*R*5
by new leaf incr
ore your car costs
out of control?
We con help! Do you realize how much your
cor costs you? Do you know when your cor
needs a tune-up? Whether for an individual
family or o fleet of vehicles, the cost of car
ownership con be one of your biggest
expenses.
It's not always easy to actually keep track of
the real costs involved. Now you can with
C'A*R*S I New Leafs™ Car Analysis Reporting
System was designed to determine the
efficiency ond cost of ownership of your
vehicles.
While most other programs of this nature
lump all the items together, we keep track of
ownership and operating costs separately os
welt as together. You con now graph and
monitor all of the costs involved.
OA»R»S runs on both the Commodore 64 T "
and the VIC-20™ with 24K added. This means
you can "step-up" from a VIC-20™ to o
Commodore 64'" without needing to
purchase a new program. Plus, as with our
other programs, you even have the option of
printed reports on your Commodore"'
compatible printer.
You con now graphically see how effective
any adjustments have been and our colorful
bar graphs will let you see trouble spots at o
glance,
C«A*R*S Is on excellent tool for small
businesses thot need to monitor the cost of
your fleet of vehicles. Using this program you
can keep track of an unlimited number of cars
and /or trucks.
Cassette Version . . .05.50,
Disk Version 39.50
Corning soon — The
Magic Shoppeel
also available. , .
DtOftHYTHM+ Cassette Only. . .14.50
please state VIC-20'" or Commodore 64™
CSP-CqIc (runs on both VIC-20™ and Commodore 64'")
Cassette Version. .40.50 Disk Version. .47.50
Product ordered _
D VIC-20" LJ Commodore 64"
O Disk n Cassette
Amount enclosed
Nome
Afldrwt
Oty
Phone Number (
MC or VISA *
State.,
)_
Up_
Expiration date
Interbank * (MO
Missouri residents add 5. 1 25% soles tox
120Lynnhoven • Belleville. IL 62220
Mastercard ond Vf5A customers, please odd 3%
Land of
Silicon and Glitter
A mime at the Commodore pavillion poses with (he silver-plated two-millionth
VIC-20 to come off the assembly lines.
118 /RUN April 1984
Roving reporter Tom Ben-
ford— a little foot-weary
and bleary-eyed— recently re-
turned from the CES Show in Las
Vegas with tales of many new
products for the Commodore, in-
cluding several new Commodore
computers, and his view of indus-
try trends.
By Tom Benford
Exciting is the word that best de-
scribes the 1984 Winter Consumer Elec-
tronics Show (CES). Over 80,000 peo-
ple attended the exhibition on each of
the four days at the Convention Center
in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Manufacturers, retailers, distribu-
tors, dealers, publishers and members
of the press from all over came to see
what the electronics industry had to of-
fer at this desert recreationland. Of
course, the computer and software in-
dustries were well represented, with
Commodore having one of the largest
and most elaborate exhibits.
Much at the show indicated that the
computer, peripheral and software in-
dustries are thriving, that technology is
taking quantum leaps and that the bene-
ficiary of all this progress is ultimately
the end consumer — you!
Address author correspondence to Tom
Benford, 520 Havens Cove Road,
Bricktown, NJ 08723.
Well-known Commodore "guru" Jim Butterfield demonstrated and explained the
C-264 and C- V364 computers, SFS481 disk drive and 1703 monitor at the Commo-
dore pavilion.
Commodore Kicks It Off
Anyone who doubts the impact of
Commodore's machines on the Ameri-
can public should have been at the
show, where almost every exhibitor had
something of interest to Commodore
users. Although there was also a lot of
emphasis on the Apples and the IBM-
PC and PCjrs., it seems that the Com-
modore 64 has become the standard
computer of the home and small-busi-
ness user.
A press conference held by Commo-
dore on the first night (January 7), re-
vealed the news that Commodore is the
first home-computer manufacturer to
break the one-billion dollar sales mark.
Commodore also showed its new appli-
cations computer, the C-264, as the
leader in its 264 scries. (If you read last
month's issue of RUN, you know we
had the exclusive pre-CES scoop on this
hot new model!)
Other new models shown were the
C-V364, which incorporates all of the
264 's features and adds a 19- key numer-
ic keypad and built-in speech capability;
the "mysterious" Model 116 briefcase-
sized portable with 16K of built-in
RAM (it's mysterious because, al-
though they put it on display, Commo-
dore won't divulge any information
about it until it's ready for release later
this year); the SFS481 fast disk drive;
the C-I703 color monitor; the C-1542
disk drive; the C-1531 cassette drive; the
MCS801 and MPS802 dot-matrix print-
ers; the DPS 1101 daisy-wheel printer;
and the C-1520 plotter/printer. The
Magic Voice speech module and many
software packages were also unveiled.
The press conference also outlined
Commodore's present and planned ac-
tivities in telecomputing, home banking
services, new product development and
marketing, educational commitments,
computer speech technology and the
future directions of software and tech-
nology. According to Commodore, the
emphasis of the industry as a whole will
be on "productivity" software, and the
company is focusing its efforts in this
direction.
Productivity software refers to pro-
grams that do useful, practical work for
you, rather than entertain. An example
of productivity software is the Micro
Cookbook, by Virtual Combinatics,
which is a household management pro-
gram providing complete cookbook
and recipe management.
The Commodore exhibit at the show
was more a pavilion than a booth, since
it was bi-level and massive, taking up a
huge amount of floor space with a
multitude of demonstration computers
and video monitors.
Jim Butterfield, the well-known
Commodore "guru," was featured at
the exhibit, where he demonstrated and
explained the new C-264 model and the
264 series product line.
A mime milled about through the
crowds, passing out balloons and but-
tons, while a jovial "croupier" dealt
hands of Three-Card Monty to passers-
by — all in keeping with the festive car-
nival atmosphere of Las Vegas.
On exhibit inside protective Plexiglas
cases were two very special computers:
a silver-plated VIC- 20 that represented
the two-millionth VIC made; and
across from it a gold-plated C-64 which
represented the one-millionth 64 pro-
duced. Another especially interesting
item on display was the SX-64 Ex-
ecutive Portable (look for my product
review of it in the May issue).
A Trendy Show
The hotter trends in technology are
focusing on speech/music synthesis and
hi-resolution graphics software and pe-
ripherals. The Alien Group took the
laurels in the speech department with its
Voice Box speech synthesizer for both
the VIC-20 and C-64. This unit even
sings while producing its own musi-
cal accompaniment on the C-64 via
Alien's music svnthesis software and the
The new C-264 boasts 60K RAM available, a built-in monitor, expanded Basic
commands and more.
RUN April 10S-I / 119
Cuclo 21 8 on Reader Service card.
NEW
C-64
SAIL TO AMERICA
A totally new computer experience
• Parents Tell your kids Cad mean's The
Voyage of the May/lower has all Ihe
color, sound and excitement they love.
Challenge the mighty Atlantic, defy its
roaring storms and bring your passen-
gers safely to the new world. There's
never been an experience like it. Any-
where,
• Kldfi Tell your parents The Voyage of the
Mayflower is a terrific learning adven-
ture. Recreate the hazards and dramaof
Ihe first Pilgrim voyage. Learn about sail-
ing siralegy, weather, navigation and
history. The more you know the more fun
it is. Every level is a unique experience
whether you're 6 or 60. Unforgettable.
• Families Pit your imagination against
the world as the Pilgrims knew it. Share
the exciting journey to a new life in a new
land, Risk the danger and fee! the joy.
Learn together how the Mayflower sailed
Into history on the courage ol those few
who dared.
All this and a FREE 11 x 16 Poster for only
$29.
School and dealer inquiries welcomed
DISK ONLY
ORDER NOW. FREE shipping for Master-
Card and Visa orders. Call {313) 994-0845
Day or Night. C.O.D., checks, money or-
ders add $3.00 shipping.
CADMEAN CORP.,
309 Koch, Ann Arbor, Ml 48103
Circle 217 on Reader Service card
COMDIALER-20/64
Telephone Dialer for
the VIC-20/CBM-64*
ONLY
*2&95
Holds more than 200 names and
numbers on file. Lets you have all
your important numbers at your fin-
gertips. Plugs into user port with
card edge on back for modem or
RS-232 device. Has modular phone
jack and seven foot cord with plug.
Please specify VIC-20 or 64. Can be
used with any type phone. Easy to
use software included. Cassette
only.
PLEASE SEND CHECK OR MO TO:
P. O. BOX 35261, LAS VEGAS, NV 89185
■TOflfAMfl* Of COMM0OORE BUSINESS MACHINES INC
C-64 was the
obvious target
of the marketing thrust
in new programs.
Commodore 64's SID chip.
Waveform was displaying and dem-
onstrating its outstanding MusiCalc
software line, and Kapri Software in-
troduced Studio 64, another notewor-
thy music program. Commodore itself
got into the arena with its Magic Voice
speech module for the C-64 and the
built-in speech capability of the C-V364
as well as the Music Machine and Music
Composer cartridges for the C-64.
Graphics displays also drew lots of at-
tention with such outstanding products
as the KoalaPad and the Chalk Board
graphics tablets.
In the floppy-disk department, Con-
corde premiered its new parallel-port
disk drive that is compatible with the
C-64, while Micro Systems Develop-
ment proudly displayed both its single
and dual disk drives for the VIC-20 and
C-64, units that feature both parallel
and serial ports.
Commodore's new fast drive, the
SFS481, intended for use with the 264
series of computers, unfortunately
won't work with the VIC or C-64. On
the bright side, however, the new model
1542 will.
Printers are also making big news,
with Cardco, Epson, Star and Gorilla
among the many companies exhibiting
new lines of both dot-matrix and daisy-
wheel models. The manufacturing/
marketing trend is taking a decided
swing toward daisy-wheel letter-quality
printers at prices rivaling those of the
better-quality dot -matrix models. As
mentioned above. Commodore also un-
veiled several new models, including the
impressive MCS801 color dot-matrix
model and the DPS 1101 daisy- wheel
printer.
Joysticks and controllers by Kraft,
GIM Electronics, Suncom and Coin
Controls, to name but a few, feature
such technological advances as micro-
switches, dual fire-buttons and other
niceties that promise to better your
gaming scores. Other gaming peripher-
als on display were joystick extension
cords and rapid-fire modules.
Impressive educational and practical-
applications software abounded, as well
as recreational and gaming programs.
Although there was a substantial
amount of VIC-20 software, the C-64
was the obvious target of the marketing
thrust in new programs.
Disk-based software for the 64 seems
to be the way to go, since there's only so
much data that can be squeezed into a
ROM cartridge. It's obvious that the
software companies recognize the excel-
lence of the C-64's SID chip and sprite
graphics capabilities.
"Talking" software is also a hot item
this year, with Commodore adding
speech capability to many of its prod-
ucts. The Gorf and Wizard of Wor
game cartridges, when used with the
Magic Voice module, and the Magic
Desk II are all endowed with speech
capability.
The long-expected shakedown of the
computer industry has for the most part
passed, with several companies going
under, while the survivors prosper be-
yond all expectations. Industry trends
confirm that the dedicated game ma-
chine has lost substantial ground to the
home computer. The latter has proved
that it can achieve the same degree of
excellence for games as the video-game
machine, while also offering the capa-
bilities of a full-blown computer.
Game software is becoming ever
more complex, with strategy and adven-
ture games overtaking the shoot -'em-
ups that have been so popular in the
past. Indeed, games are now combining
the need for deductive reasoning and
strategy with good hand-eye coordina-
tion, and we can expect this trend to
continue to grow and expand.
Everyone at the Winter CES seemed
to be enjoying the show, especially the
press contingent. There was a good
sense of comaraderie amongst the
writers and editors in attendance, with
nary a trace of competitive jealousy.
In general, it made for good "vibes"
to know that we were all jointly there
for a single purpose — to report to our
readers news of the exciting things hap-
pening in the world of home comput-
ing. You can be sure that we'll be cover-
ing these products and developments in
our in-depth reviews in coming issues of
RUN.
The attitude of almost everyone I
spoke with at the show indicated that
home computers are no longer the com-
ing thing, but are very much a way of
life for many households, with more
people purchasing and using them all
the time. The question is no longer,
"Why do I need a home computer?",
but instead, "What can 1 do with it to
make life easier now that I have one?"
Based on what I saw at the Winter CES,
you can do plenty. IB
120 / RUN April l«84
INTRODUCING...
THE PEACEMAKER
an intelligent and creative
alternative to computer warfare...
on the screen or in front of it.
With The Toybox, two children ages 3-8
can play and work together — at the
same time. They can create freehand
drawings, plot intricate designs or play
ingenious learning games. Moms and
dads can ptay, too.
Of course. The Toybox isn't really
a box at all; it's a diskette for your
Commodore 64. But it Is full of toys —
toys that teach cooperation and
communication skills as well as ABC's,
numbers, words, shapes and pattern
recognition.
The Toybox works with two joysticks, two
trackballs, or one of each. Each toy on
the disk can be used by one or two
players. Pictures and designs can be
saved to disk or printed out using a
Commodore 1525 printer.
To get your Toybox, use the coupon
below or call the toll-free number, 800-
227-2400 Ext. 950 (within California. 800-
772-2666 Ext. 950). For more information,
please use the coupon.
With The Toybox, your Commodore 64
brings people together.
The toybox
For Two
Hie M&M Software Company
PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
Circle 173 on Reader Service card,
□ Please send me Toyboxes at $34.95 each D more information
Price includes shipping (UPS) and handling. California residents add 6'A% sales tax.
□ Check/ Money Order □ Visa □ MC Nor™ _
Aerates
exp date
City
Staro .
.Zip.
Card number
Mail to:
the M&M Software Company, 3 790 El Camlno Real, Suite 2003, Palo Alto, CA 94306
COMMODORE 64 IS A TRADEMARK OF COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES. INC
RUN April 1984 / 121
Calling Your Disk
Directories to Order
Having trouble keeping track
of your disk Tiles? This
program for the C-64 prints your
disk directories with the file-
names neatly tag-sorted in alpha-
betical order.
By Michael Broussard
RUN It Right
Commodore 64
disk drive and printer
Address author correspondence to
Michael Broussard, 15279 Forest Grove
Drive, Woodbridge, VA 22191.
122 / RUN April 1984
If you collect (or write) disk-based
software as fast as I seem to, you've
probably run into the problem of re-
membering what software is on which
disk. I have disks named "backups,"
"baekups.2" and "backups.3," and
there just isn't enough room on that lit-
tle label to list all the files stored on
each. Looking for a particular version
of a particular program can be frus-
trating and time consuming.
Loading a disk directory into memo-
ry (LOAD "$",8) and listing it to the
screen is easy enough, but if the disk has
many files on it, more than half the
names can scroll off the screen before
you have a chance to read them. In ad-
dition, the names are not in useful
order, since the disk operating system
(DOS) uses the next available directory
entry on the disk when cataloging a new
file, and that's the order they're in when
you list them. Loading the disk direc-
tory into memory also has the unfor-
tunate side effect that you lose any
Basic program in memory at the time.
You can get a peek at the directory
without disturbing a Basic program in
memory by loading a "disk wedge" in-
to memory as soon as you power the
system on. Wedges are machine lan-
guage programs that allow you to list
the disk directory (and usually do other
functions as well) without affecting the
currently loaded Basic program. A
wedge is useful as long as you remember
to load it before you need it!
This article describes a handy utility
program that will help you keep track of
your disk files. It's a simple Basic pro-
gram that reads the disk directory, sorts
the filenames into alphabetical order
and produces a printer listing you can
slip into the protective jacket along with
the disk. Although it won't replace the
wedge (you don't want to stop and print
a new directory listing each time you
add or delete a disk file), it will help you
keep track of files on disks that don't
change very often, such as game li-
braries, backups, etc.
Using the program is easy. You sim-
ply run it to produce a printer listing of
the directory of the disk currently in the
drive (the program assumes drive 0).
Before beginning to print, the pro-
gram displays the prompt LABEL
STRING?, at which time you have the
option of entering a string that will ap-
pear at the top of the directory listing
near the title. (I typically type in the cur-
rent date, so later on I can tell when the
listing was made.) If you simply press
the return key in response to the
prompt, no extra information appears
on the listing.
How the Program Works
Now you know what the program
does, let's see how it works. The disk di-
rectory is stored on the disk in much the
same way as a file. Line 120 of the pro-
gram opens the disk error channel and
then opens the directory as a file. (The
directory has the special filename "$".)
After attempting the open, the pro-
gram does a GOSUB 480, jumping to a
subroutine that checks the error channel
to see if anything unexpected has hap-
pened. In case of an error, the program
prints an appropriate error message and
ends.
The directory contains some header
information (the name of the disk, etc.)
and an entry for each file on the disk.
Each file entry contains the name of the
file, its length in blocks, its type and
where the file is located on the disk.
Once the directory is successfully
opened, the program reads it one char-
acter at a time, collecting information
about each file and storing it in one of
the three arrays described below. In ad-
dition, it keeps track — in the variable
N — of the number of file entries it has
processed.
For each entry in the directory, the
first information of interest is the file's
length. Lines 140 through 160 first skip
over some file information you don't
care about, then get the length and put it
into the next available slot of the array
FL. Line 170 then attempts to read an-
other character from the directory.
If the status (ST) of the read is 0,
you've not reached the end of the direc-
tory, and the program continues read-
ing from the disk until it encounters a
double quote ("). This is a signal that a
filename is next. Lines 190 through 200
read characters from the disk, ap-
pending them to the variable N$. When
another double quote is found, it marks
the end of the filename, and the pro-
gram stores N$ (the Filename) in the
next available slot of the array FX$.
Line 220 continues reading the direc-
tory, skipping over blanks (CHR$(32)).
The first nonblank character is the first
letter of the program type (e.g., PRG,
SEQ or RND). Lines 230 through 250
store the program type in the next avail-
able slot of the array FT$.
The last part of line 250 again checks
the disk read status (ST). You've fin-
ished processing the directory entry for
one file, and if the status is 0, the pro-
gram branches back to line 140 in order
to read the entry for the next one.
If the status is not 0, it means you
have finished reading the directory (or
have encountered some sort of disk
error during the get). It's now time to
process the data you've collected about
the files, but first a couple of points
should be made.
The first and last "file entries" pro-
cessed by lines 140 through 240 do not
describe files. The first is actually the
disk header; instead of getting the name
of a file when you process it, you get the
name of the disk. Although the array
FX$ is predominantly used to store
names of files, the program initially sets
the variable N (the file counter) to - 1 .
Just before storing the name of a file,
the program increments N by 1, so that
the name of the disk gets neatly tucked
away into FX$(0).
The last entry in the directory doesn't
describe a file either. Instead, it tells
how many free blocks are left on the
disk. After the program has processed
this last entry, the status ST will be 64,
meaning "end of file." At this point,
the program continues at line 260,
where it closes the directory file. You re-
member the number of blocks free (BF)
by copying it from FL(N), and you sub-
tract 1 from the number of files (N),
100
110
120
130
135
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
315
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
:PRINT#3,CHR$<192);:NE
+L
DIMFX$(256),FT$(256),FL(256),TT(256>:N=-1 :FORI=1T02
56:FX$(I>="":NEXT:X=221
BL$ = " ":FORI=1TO40:BL$=BL$+"{SHFT SPACE }":NEXT
CL0SE15:0PEN15,8, 1 5:OPEN1 ,8,0, "$0" :GOSUB480:GET#1 ,A
$ ,B$
W=51 :L$ = "":INPUT"LABEL STRING" ;L$
IFLEN(L$)>22THEN PRINT"LABEL STRING TOO LONG-MAX IS
22 CHARACTERS.": GOTO 130
GET#1 ,A$,B$:GET#1 ,A$,B$:C=0:IFA$o " M THENC=ASC ( A$ )
IF B$<>"" THEN C=C+ASC(B$)*256
N=N+1 :FL(N}=C
GET#1,B$:IF STO0 THEN260
IF B$oCHR$(34} THEN170
N$ = ""
GET#1 ,B$;IFB$<>CHR$(34)THENN$=N$+B$:GOTO200
FX$(N)=N$
GET#1,B$:IF B$=CHR$(32) THEN220
C$ = ""
C$=C$+B$:GET#1 ,B$:IF B$<>"" {2 SPACES } THEN240
FT$ (N } =LEFT$ ( C$ , 3 ) : IFST=0THEN1 40
CLOSE! :BF=FL(N) :N=N-1 :GOSUB580
CLOSE3:OPEN3,4
PRINT#3,CHR$(1 76 ) ; :FORI=1 T051
XT:PRINT#3,CHR${174}
PRINTS 3, CHR$(X) ;SPC(51 };CHR$<X)
T2$ = FX${0J:IFL$o""THENT2$=T2$ + "{2 SHFT SPACES }(
$ + ")"
T$=CHR$(X}+"{5 SPACES }>>> "+FX$ ( )
IFL$=""THENT$=T$+MID$ ( BL$ , 1 ,W-LEN( T$ ) -1 ) : GOTO330
K=W-2-LEN(T$)-LEN(L$):T$=T$+MID$(BL$,1 ,K-1 > + "<" + L$ +
T$=T$+" { 2 SPACES } "+CHR$ ( X ) : PRINT#3 , T$
PRINTii/3,CHR$(X);SPC<51 );CHR$(X)
PRINT#3,CHR$(171 );:FORI=1T051 ;PRINT#3,CHR$< 1 92 > ; :NE
XT:PRINT#3,CHR$(179}
PRINT#3,CHR$(X);SPC(51 );CHR${X>
L=9:K=INT( (N+1 )/2}:FORI=1TOK
T$=CHR$(X):J=I:GOSUB520:T$=T$+" " : J=K+I:GOSUB520 :T$
=T$+"{2 SPACES }"+CHR$(X)
PRINT#3,T$ : L=L+1 : NEXT
PRINT#3,CHR${X);SPC(51 );CHR$(X)
P=INT( (BF*100/664)+.5):P$=MID$(STR${P) ,2)
T$=CHR$(X)+MID$(BL$,1,14>+STR$(BF)+" BLOCKS ("+P$+"
%) FREE"
T$=T$+MID$(BL$,1 ,W-LEN(T$)+1 ) +CHR$ ( X ) : PRINT03 , T$
FORI=LT027:PRINT#3,CHR$(X) ;SPC(51 }CHR$(X)
NEXT
PRINT#3,CHR$(173);:FORI=1T051
XT;PRINT#3,CHR$(189)
PRINT#3 : CLOSE3 : CLOSE1 5 : END
INPUT#15,ER,ER$:IFER<20THENRETURN
IFER=740RER=21THENER$=ER$+"--IS DISK INSERTED?" :GOT
0510
ER$="DISK ERROR"+STR$(ER)+": "+ER$
PRINTERS : END
T=TT ( J ) : IFT = 0THENT$=T$+MID$ < BL$ ,1,24): RETURN
IFFL(T) <100THENTS=T$+"{SHFT SPACE}"
IFFL(T) <10THENT$=T$+"{SHFT SPACE}"
T$=T$+MID$(STR$(FL(T) },2)+"{SHFT SPACE } "+FX$ ( T )
IF LEN(FX$(T) ) <16THENT$=T$+MID$(BL$,1 , 1 6-LENf FX$ ( T }
T$=T$+"{SHFT SPACE}"+LEFT$(FT$(T),3):RETURN
FOR 1=1 TO N : TT(I)=I : NEXT
FORI=1 TO N-1 : S=I : FOR J=I+1 TO N : IF FX$(TT(J)
><FX$(TT(S)) THEN S=J
NEXT J : IF SOI THEN T=TT{I) : TT(I}=TT(S) : TT(S}
=T
NEXT I : RETURN
Listing. Disk directory utility program for the C-64.
;PRINT#3,CHR$(192); :NE
since the last entry doesn't describe a
file.
Now you've read the disk directory
and built your arrays of file informa-
tion. FX$(1) contains the name of the
first file. FT$(1) tells us what type of file
it is, and FL(1) tells us its length in
blocks. Information about the second
RUN April 1984 / 123
Circle 213 on Reactor Service card
1 (^
SOFTWARE
Your Source for
Commodore 64™
Software
ChopLifter Cartridge
Your Cost $29™ -Reg. $39"
Shamus Cartridge
Your Cost $29™ - Reg. $39"
Type Attack Cartridge
Your Cost $29 ™ - Reg. $39"
Paper Clip {Word Processor)
Your Cost $92'° - Reg. S12S 00
Power File (Data Base)
Your Cost $92™ - Reg. $125°°
Code Writer (Program Writer)
Your Cost $78™ - Reg. $99"
Call or write Tor catalog:
1 STOP SOFTWARE
2760- R South Havana, Box 14099
Aurora, CO 80014
VOICE— (303) 696-8974
DATA— (303)691-2429
Visa, M.C., Check, C.O.D. Welcome
file is in FX$(2), FT$(2), and FL(2)-
and so on for each file (up to file N) on
the disk. FX$(0) contains the name of
the disk.
The next task is to sort the data in the
arrays into alphabetical order by file-
name, The program accomplishes this
by using a "tag sort." Let's see what a
tag sort is and how it works.
Tag Sorting
Suppose you have two arrays, one
called N$, containing names, and one
called A$, containing corresponding
addresses. The arrays might look like
this:
NS{1>: SMITH AS{1): ELM ST.
NSU): JONES AS(2); OAK DR.
NS(3): BROWN AS(3): CENTER ST.
NS(4): ADAMS A$(4): MAIN ST.
In order to sort the arrays, you need
to move both names and addresses
around. A typical sort would inspect all
the names in the NS array in order to
find the one closest to the beginning of
the alphabet (in this case, Adams).
Adams would then be moved to the be-
ginning of N$, and whatever name it re-
placed (Smith in this example) would
move to where Adams was.
In addition, you'd also have to swap
A$(l) and A$(4) in order to keep the
corresponding addresses correct. Once
Adams has been sorted into its proper
position in N$, this type of sort would
begin the searching and moving process
all over again to find the next name
(Brown), and so on until all the names
were sorted.
Although this technique is effective,
it has a severe disadvantage. Moving
strings around in Basic tends to be slow,
and the above approach requires that
every string in both arrays be moved at
least once. As an alternative, let's see
how the same two arrays might be put
in order using a different sorting
method.
The idea behind a tag sort is to use a
separate array of "pointers" to the
strings, and to sort the pointers so they
reflect the order the strings should be in.
Let's introduce an array of pointers, or
"tags," called T. Each element of T is
simply a number that refers to an ele-
ment of NS. T is initialized so that
T(l)= 1 and therefore points to the first
(unsorted) name in N$; T(2) is set to 2,
and so on. Then the tag sort can begin.
It works much the same way a regular
sort works, in that it searches through
THE DIFFERENCE.
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FOR COMMODORE 64™, PET™, & VIC 20™*
COMM*DATA educational software is designed by professional educators for
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GO TO THE HEAD OF
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D Sketch & Paint
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Circle 38 on Reader Ssrvlcn card.
' Rtgiirsrtd Trademark e-l Commodore Builntu M*chlnti Inc.
124 / RUN April 1984
Che names to find the one that's alpha-
betically first. But instead of swapping
the first and fourth elements of both the
N$ and AS arrays, it swaps the first and
fourth fags instead. By referencing the
names in N$ through the tags, they are
sorted indirectly by changing the order
of the tags.
Once the tags are ordered properly,
you can print the names in alphabetical
order, even though the names are never
physically sorted! If this seems confus-
ing, look at the unsorted names again,
but this time along with the ap-
propriately ordered tags:
N$(l): SMITH T(l): 4
N$(2>: JONES T(2): 3
NS<3): BROWN T(3): 2
NS(4): ADAMS T(4): ]
After "sorting," the first tag (T(l»
has a value of 4, which is a pointer to
N$(4). The value of N$(4) is Adams,
which is the name you'd expect first in
an alphabetized list. In addition, A$(4)
is the corresponding address.
The second tag (T(2)) is 3, which
points to the second alphabetized name
(Brown), and so on. To see the names
and corresponding addresses in alpha-
betical order, you simply print them in-
directly in the order specified by the
This program gives you
hard copy directory listings
for your most
frequently used disks.
tap, instead of the order in which
they're stored in the N$ and AS arrays:
100 FOR [ = ] TO 4
1 10 PRINT N$(T(1)>, A$(T(I))
120 NEXT I
In the disk directory program, you
shuffle tags around instead of having to
move every element in each of your
three information arrays (FXS, FTS
and FL). See if you can figure out how
the sort works by studying lines 580
through 610 of the listing. (The array of
tags is called TT.)
Once the sort is complete, the pro-
gram is ready to output the disk direc-
tory information. Line 270 opens a
channel to the printer, and actual print-
ing begins at line 280. Throughout this
part of the program, I have avoided the
use of graphics characters in Print state-
ments, because I think it makes it hard-
er to type the program in from a listing.
Where a graphics character is needed,
the program uses the CHRS function
instead.
For example, part of line 280 says
"PRINTiB,CHRS(192)". CHR$(192) Ls
the horizontal bar you see when you
hold down the shift key and press the *
key, but when you see that character on
a listing and then try to find it on the
keyboard, you may not be able to de-
cide between [SHIFT *], [SHIFT C],
[SHIFT D] or [SHIFT E]. By using the
CHRS function, you don't have to
worry about exactly which combination
of CTRL and/or shift keys you must
press in order to type the program in
correctly.
The disk directory information is
printed by lines 280 through 470. There
is nothing particularly tricky about this
section of the program; it simply for-
mats the data from the three informa-
tion arrays into two columns and sends
the formatted lines to the printer.
Try this easy program. It takes only a
few minutes to make hard copy directo-
ry listings for your most frequently used
disks, and you'll be surprised at how
useful the listings are. Have fun! E
Circle 27 on Reader Service card.
^
let llie SMMIB4 terminal
COMMODORE64*
nil ik owm
No matter which direction you wish to travel in. experience
rhe advantage of computer communications with The
SMART 64 Terminal. Discover the program that puts you
on rhe Right Road to: Public-Access Netwotks. University
Systems, Private Company Computers and Financial Services.
The SMART 64 Terminal designed with Quality- Bred features.
Affordable Pricing . . .And Service.
So why not travel rhe communications highways rhe SMART way!
Accessories included,
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Dora
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□ Sends/Receives Programs ond
Fifes of ANY SIZE.
□ User-Defined Function Keys.
Screen Colors, Printer ond
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□ Screen Print.
□ Disk Wedge Ouifr-ln!
□ Adjustable transmit/receive rabies allow cusrom requirements. These and other features make The SMART 64 Terminal
the best choice for grand routing telecommunications.
•Commodore 64 regisiefedrrademork | IVlH — iHI — ITECHIMIC
of Commodore DuirvMsMochines Inc
'Supports Mkolumn cartridge
by Data 20 Corporation
Dealer Availability WZO* U T I O N $1
Coil (203) 389-5003 rBMttl P.O. DOX2940. New Haven. Cr. 06515
RUN April 1084 / 125
Risk Takers, Beware
Stop disking around with im-
portant programs. Here's a
disk copy program that takes all
the risk out of copying disks
and gives you a little backup
insurance.
By John R. Olsen, Jr.
RUN It Right
VIC-20 or C-64
disk drive
Address author correspondence to John
R. Olsen, Jr., PO Box 181, Newberg,
OR 97132.
126 / RUN April 1984
Owners of the 1541 disk drive know
that some programs cannot be copied to
another disk by norma! means. Here is
Program Copier, a disk utility that will
help you overcome the problem.
A program in Basic can be loaded
from disk and then saved back to a dif-
ferent disk inserted in the drive. This
works with some machine language
programs as well, but not with
most — and not with data files.
New 1541 disk drive owners often
want to copy onto other disks the DOS
WEDGE that comes free on some pro-
gram disks (bonus pack, editor/assem-
bler, and so on). This wedge comes in
two parts: the actual machine language
program itself (filename DOS 5. 1) and a
very short "loader" program written in
Basic (filename C-64 WEDGE or DOS
WEDGE 64).
The "loader" program is easy to
copy onto a different disk, as are all
Basic programs. You can't use the same
method to copy the machine language
program, but Program Copier will do
the job for you.
Memory' Maneuvers
The general principle of Program
Copier's operation is simple. You first
copy the program from the disk into an
array in memory. Then swap disks and
copy the array contents onto the second
disk. The array in Program Copier can
hold up to 150 blocks.
You can run this program on a
VIC-20 as well as a C-64, but because
the VIC has less memory, only smaller
programs can be copied, if you want to
try it on the VIC-20, you'll have to ad-
just the size of the array in line 100 so
you don't get an out-of-memory error.
Program Details
Line 100 sets
aside room for 150
blocks in the A$ array. (Each block
contains 254 bytes of program data.)
This array is where the program you are
copying will reside while you swap disks
in the disk drive. The other lines with
numbers less than 1000 need no ex-
planation.
Lines 1000 and 1100 open the com-
mand channel to the drive and open the
disk file that you will be copying. Line
1 200 checks for any disk errors.
The lines in the 2000s read the pro-
gram one byte at a time and put it into
blocks of 254 bytes, stored in the AS ar-
ray. Line 2100 gets the byte. Line 2300
adds it to the block in the array.
Line 2400 checks the status to see if
you have reached the end of the pro-
gram. If you have, the file is closed. If
not, the counter I is incremented. If the
block is full, then anew block is started.
Line 2200 takes care of a special case
in reading a byte from the disk. If the
byte is a zero, it is read by the Get
# 2 statement as a null (empty) string.
Wben writing this back to disk, the
Prints 2 statement writes nothing, and
your program has suddenly lost an im-
portant byte.
To correct this problem, any zero is
changed to a character string of zero
when written to the block. Then, when
it is written back to disk, it actually
writes the zero as desired.
The lines in 3000s prompt you to
swap disks and then initialize the new
disk. If you want to copy the program
to the new disk under a new file name,
simply insert the line
3300 INPUT "NEW FILE NAME";NS
Then you can use a different file name.
Or just press the return key to leave it
unchanged.
The lines in the 4000s open the file to
be written and check for any disk
errors.
Clrcl* 1 18 on Reid«r Service crird.
Write For FREE Catalog
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(602) 855-3357
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CBM 64 software CBM 64
(602) 855-3357
5 Great Adventures For Your CBM 64
FULL
ACTION
GRAPHICS.
YOU WILL
NEVER
TIRE
OF THE
HIRES
ACTIONS!
SAMURAI PAK
ON CASSETTE OR DISK
$29. 95
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NEVER
THE
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TWICE!
HI-RES
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NINJA
Every Game Is Different!
UNPREDICTABLE
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YOU WILL
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FOR ACTION
ONE OF
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ADVENTURES
YOU WILL
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ALSO INCLUDES TEXT PROGRAMS
ADVENTURE - SHUTTLE VOYAGE
CAVES OF SILVER
Here is the most extensive
hi-res adventure game ever
developed and created for the
Commodore 64. It encom-
passes both sides of the disk
and includes full color hires
pictures. The story begins in
the Kingdom of Acritym.
For numerous years the
Kingdom of Acritym has been
ruled by Lord Cybal. A rebel
group has formed in an attempt
to overthrow his majesty's
Acritym's government. The
rebellion has left the majority of
Acritym's people exhausted,
famished and defenseless. De-
spite the small size of the group,
they have a major advantage.
They are very well organized.
Because of this they have de-
veloped a sturdy network of
REBEL FORCE b v TomFalk
DISK VERSION ONLY - CBM 64
A HIRES GRAPHIC ADVENTURE
$29. 95
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guerrilla tactics that have dim-
inished the Kings army. If the
rebellion and the organization
can be thwarted the rebel force
will be eliminated. His Majesty
is presently in hiding. YOUR
MISSION • You have been hired
as a mercenary of your land.
You must locate the rebel
meeting place. The journey will
long and hard. Others before
you have fought valiantly, as
you shali, only to meet their
death inside the walls of Acritym.
Its all part of the most
complex intricate and huge
adventure ever created for the
Commodore 64. GOOD LUCK!
Keyboard Control.
YOU ARE THE ONLY ONE LEFT TO HELP - PLEASE SAVE US
COMPUTERMAT . Box 1664 R . Lake Havasu City, Arizona 86403
HUN April 1984 / 127
This disk utility
may be slow,
but it sure will
copy your programs
for safekeeping.
The lines in the 5000s actually copy
the program onto the disk. Each block
is read from the array and written onto
the disk in the same order as originally
read. This is done with a For/Next
loop. Then the file is closed— along
with the command channel— and the
program ends.
The lines in the 6000s are the subrou-
tine for checking disk errors. The pro-
gram checks the command channel, and
if it finds no error (EN = 0), it returns to
the main program. Otherwise, it prints
the error number, message, track and
sector, closes the file and ends.
The actual execution of the program
is rather slow, since it has to be read one
byte at a time. The second half of the
program, where the copy is made, goes
much faster, because entire blocks (disk
sectors) are being written. An even
faster version could be written in
assembly language, but that's an exer-
cise for the more advanced program-
mer. E
100
DIM A$(150)
200
PRINT" {SHFT CLR} PROGRAM COPIER"
210
PRINT
300
INPUT" INSERT SOURCE DISK, RETURN"; A$
310
PRINT
400
INPUT"FILE NAME"; N$
410
INPUT"FILE TYPE (S,P,U)"; F$
420
PRINT
1000
OPEN 15,8,15
1100
OPEN 2,8,2, M 0:"+N$+","-t-F$ + ",R"
1200
GOSUB 6000
2000
1 = 1 : J =
2100
GETr¥2, A$
2200
IF A$ = "" THEN A$ = CHR$(0)
2300
A$(J)=A$(J)+A$
2400
IFST<>0THENCLOSE2:GOTO3000
2500
1=1+1 :IFI>254THENI=1 :J=J+1 :PRINTJ;
2600
GOTO2100
3000
PRINT
3010
PRINT
3100
INPUT"INSERT DESTINATION DISK, RETURN";
3200
PRINT#15, "I"
4000
OPEN 2,8,2,"(a0:"+N$ + " f " + F$ + ",W"
4100
GOSUB 6000
5000
FOR X = TO J
5100
PRINT#2, A$(X);
5200
NEXT X
5300
CLOSE 2
5400
CLOSE 1 5
5500
END
6000
INPUT#15, EN, EMS, ET, ES
6100
IF EN = THEN RETURN
6200
PRINT"DISK ERROR"
6300
PRINT EN; EM$; ET; ES
6400
CLOSE 2
6500
CLOSE 1 5
7000
REM
7001
REM JOHN OLSEN
7002
REM P.O. BOX 181
7003
REM NEWBERG, OR 97132
A$
Listing of Program Copier program.
WE'LL BACK YOU UP!
ATTENTION COMMODORE 64 OWNERS
If you own a disk drive then you'll need "The
Clone Machine". Take control of your 1541 drive.
NEW IMPROVED WITH UNGUARD/
Package I N' I lid ■ ■
I.) Complete and thorough users manual
2.} Copy wtth one or two drives
3.) Investigate and back-up many "PROTECTED" disks
4.) Copy all file types Including relative types
5.) Edit and view track/block in Hex or ASCII
G.) Display lull contents ot directory and print £ ..--* «* -
7.) Change program names, add deloteillos with single keystroke JS Jt I B Htl
8.) Easy disk Initialization " : ' " ""
9.) Supports up to lour drives
49
' UNGUARD Now allows you to read, write and verify bad sectors and errors on
your disk making it easy to back-up most protected software.
Circls 172 on Re»t)or S« ivies c aid.
Dealers & Distributors
Inquiries Invited 1342 B R ^
CALL (201) 838-9027 M uiiirE Butier, n.j. 07405
"Should've made a back-up with the
Clone Machine."
128 / RUN April 1964
Circle 57 on Reader Service card
Circle 243 on ReadG* Service card
ONE (stop) SHOPPING '
A better catalog for the
Commodore 64 and Vic 20
Just came off the presses!
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Call or Write for your catalog today
1^800-221-3789
616-744-1300
ALTERNATE
COMPUTER
EUPPlV
6034 East St. P.O. Box 74
Twin Lake, MI 49457
thb publication
is available in
microform
University Microfilms International
300 NorlhZeeb Road 18 Bedford Row
Depl, PR. Dept. PR
Ann Arbor, Ml 4B106 London. WClfl 4EJ
USA England
Subscription
Problem?
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solve the problem.
Please send a description of the
problem and your most recent ad-
dress label to:
Subscription Dept.
PO Box 954
Farmingdale, NT 11737
Thank you and enjoy your subscript
Uon.
ITE-Y
PROGRAMS
FOR THE VIC 20 ,m
* MD COMMODORE 64 tm
WORD MITE 2
T *Lt CTCfll** !■ I IMtL* ■ard E-TO-Ciiicf • LI" iti 'uiJu. t:H»'"
■ sLll"5i itlti fi mi *#•#* tnl fitti en tip* t»J dim. *m-s
at tuipiif l**i •lU i»L*:t*a fa-ij*. IE**, •matA, I"s**1 h I tpmc*
H-jl."*, I"|'r>.'|i.iiu f*F*ft»l. y/[ {«t«. i«S«-* ttft »EtI|»«l.
ADDRESS MITE 2
iniii im ■iiitiii nut/iddifii Uiti #11* ***- n t *t 1 ■ n, s^t'» t,
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i**t,'l\*. \tttfi bi mta oi nH; stipL** P prt^t, tistia iwcLLt'ti.
LETTER MITE 2
Edit, CTL-it £fT14"iLLJtd LetttEt. ullng U'tt Frtm h&np METE J,
l r 4*TT EL"*t, Llil, rutE na**'i, addFttiri- SntO EUt rjen ADDRESS
*ITE 2 rilvi flJ hifCD*td. Print « E t h full HOH'D METe 2 option!.
LIST MITE 2
Lf£*li . r - ■ J i 1 I. Ltli □' !t**i aStn ,-S.jE Oan *n[Ef r )H«ll, pESH-,
t*H n'.M% D- Utiydtik. DlijJi,. r3S t d i*!*:M. + l, (JT-Lntj HUt)
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Each- on Tap* 114.9s, Dick IIS. OS
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Etyittlftl pjsbj HfTC, ■;;■[{! -err, »!''!■ Hflf, pi**. J*".i nni*ge.
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pfftirf iirittw it tit* or 41i*. t#id chtci qe HQg ;r;3 F »j *>t e*.
MORE" iMli f*M catalog, Quantity lUlttinU, t u. tpn i x | ng .
t) :>t*j0uif *n and KB M ie-* tTtatAiTkt a* EcvKUKFt ( 1 *ct ES^lci Lttt,
NELSON SOFTWARE
2232 Ogden Ct., St. Paul, MN 55119
tell) 730-1080
Circle 235 on Reader Service card.
• :3
mem
FLEXIBLE DISCS
WE WILL NOT BE UNDER-
SOLD!! Call Free (800)235-4137
for prices and information. Dealer
inquiries invited and C.O.D.'s
accepted
PACIFIC
EXCHANGES
100 Foothill Blvd.
San Luis Obispo. CA
93401 InCal call
(800)592-5935 or
[805)543-1037
Circle 165 on Reader Service card.
Educational Software
For The COMMODORE
VIC-20
Wide Variety Of Subjects
Available For All Ages
FOR FREE BROCHURE WRITE:
Schoolmaster
Programming Company
P.O. Box 1 94, Pomona, CA 91 769
FOREIGN COMPUTER
STORES
MAGAZINE DEALERS
You have a large technical audience
that speaks English and Is In need of
tile kind of microcomputer informa-
tion the Wayne Green Publications
group provides.
Provide your audience with the maga-
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same time. For defalk on selling Mi-
crocomputing, SO Micro, InCider,
Hot CoCo. RUM, Jr. ami Wayne
Green Book* contact:
Sandra Joseph
World Wide Media
386 Park Ave. South
New York, N.Y. 100 IG
Phone— (212) 686-1920
Telex— 6 204 30
Circle 41 on Reader Service card.
Commodore Software
Aficionados
You'd like free software,
we'd like reviews
THE BOOK COMPANY
seeks
additional
reviewers
for
The Book
of
Commodore Software.
For details, write and send
a sample review to:
THE BOOK COMPANY
11223 S. HindryAve.
Los Angeles, CA 90045
Circle 240 on Reader Service card.
,
FOR THE VIC-20" j
* IfcKl^MnwIPwT.
I **-mH C | I ] IB ,
* *Wt*UO**«»_*i
1010 CONTROL INTERFACE BOARD
Th* 1Q 1|J Control (rrrjriaCFLi as.-T.aM boi'd *h-r.ti p\ U Qi ir.to E.N* VIC-
20 I *■■ p*n*iert pcuT and pf OViO« 32 mput t iEi *na M nrulput til* (( *llOw*
Eht VIC EO 'fM*f!T*r> *rEH <he f M i w r>ria fw rrv#ai u* wnfr^ mtf co^iftf «f>
fl* l ftliHl*»1
Th* to 10 InKKfKQ *-45*i nrf co»E «ytf«E,.# tyil vni to b* CO«tfegia*MI
ton d*r* *cqufiiTid*i. pr~*f B y n«Utirtmm! 4 control. iu.Foy*>aEod t«t and
i»t»"*iory maonmtiem T«m v ic. * iih ttv* 1 o ifl I mturace, c#n no* t» u i*d
EO «u10mii« many luka rhar wtr* prtw-qhjaly cov prah-txEsd
Or-daE ymm lOOflyi
"VIC-30 It I irtgittiFri lrademarkgf CorTirttlMOE^euiliiTJiJ Manhinealne.
1QIQ ConEEnl Inlfl-tJace , (1&J00
1901 Dflubli Ended 56" Cable V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' . S7 60
190? Singi# Enn*d 36" Cacrte ,, **...""! !"s5 DO
Ternn ChK«.MO.VlSA.orMC En US and Cintda ivdd S4 pv C-frfer f v
Ui'wmo Onm *aa Sg oe-E ordfrf US fundi only TXadcfSVax S-hppped
trom ilock io iwn weeks
JNMJVAHVfc IK -HNOI.OGY
sin Oxford V$ft
(rtftuid. t^ 7VN1 (214) 2^04439*
RUN April 1984 / 129
List of Advertisers
Reader Service
Page Reader Service
Page Reade r Se rvice
Page
258 3Glnc 85
73 Magazine 131
8 Abacus Software 133
18 Academy Software 14
1 40 Advanced Processor Systems — 71
57 Alternate Computer Supply 129
45 Ampersand Electronics 85
Apropos Technology 81
243 Aries Marketing Company 162
186 Ark Innovations Inc - 139
103 Basic Byte Inc 153
101 Batteries Included 25, 27
112 Bible Research Systems 1 06
82 Bill Cole Enterprises 155
41 Book Company, The 129
54 Boston Educational Computers . .153
423 Broderbund Software, Inc 155
156 Bytes & Pieces 69
175 Bytes & Pieces 64
431 Cable Electric Products, Inc 157
216 Cad mean Corporation 120
85 Cardcolnc CHI
192 Cardinal Software 131
CGRS Microtech 143
225 Cheatsheet Products 75
437 Cheatsheet Products 156
109 CltySoftware 145
Comal Users Group 75
38 CommData Computer House ... 1 24
3 Commodore Business
Machines CIV
170 Compu-Soft 111
178 Compuscope, Inc 116
407 Computer Educational Software .160
118 Computermat 127
403 Computerstuff 162
406 Continental Software 158
78 CrossTech Graphics 151
436 Data 20 Corporation 157
419 Datasoft, Inc 154
31 Davidson & Associates 33
409 Davidson & Associates 160
410 Didatech Software 158
147 Double-E Electronics .113
14 Eastcoast Software 159
50 Eastern House Software 87
50 Eastern House Software 151
260 Educator Book Company 73
11 Elcomp Publishing 57
84 Federal Hill Software 82
400 Feerst Software Inc 158
402 Gloucester Computer Inc 162
9 H & E Computronics 9
257 Handle Software, Inc 13
415 Handle Software, Inc 160
422 Handle Software, Inc 154
135 Hayden Book Company 115
102 Info Designs, Inc 5
240 Innovative Technology 129
405 Input Systems Inc 160
230 JMD Enterprises , 154
* jr. Subscriptions 66
22 LBA Computer Products 87
161 Legal ByteSoftware 60
197 Letco 139
122 Lynn Computer Service 105
173 M & MSottware .121
434 Madison Computer ....156
277 Magnacomp 98
247 MESI 162
248 MFJ Enterprises 59
73 MlccaSoft 131
176 Mlcol Systems 154
87 Micrc-80 Inc 147
231 MicroSignal 117
47 Micro-Spec .....103
212 Micro-Sys 135
91 Microlog Corporation 56
250 Mleromate Accessortes 73
68 MlcroProse Software 31
428 MlcroProse Software 152
27 Mlcrotechnic Solutions Inc. .....125
172 Microware Distributors 128
152 Midwest Micro, Inc 85
20 Mi rage Concepts Inc 17
217 Morris Software 120
433 MSD Systems Inc 156
19 National VIC20 User's Group ... .132
245 Nelson Software 129
280 New Leaf 117
51 OEM.Inc 154
60 Otnnitronix 151
218 One-Stop Software 124
235 Pacific Exchange 129
162 Panther Computer Corp 1A
163 Panther Computer Corp 2A
30 PantherComputerCorp Cll
208 Parsee Research 150
61 Personal Peripheral Products 61
4 Precision Software Inc 15
404 Precision Software Inc 160
210 Professional M icro Services 1 62
93 Professional Software Inc 7
15 Protecto Enterprises
88,89,90,91,92,93
23 Public Domain Inc 142
13 Q.A.D. Systems 155
136 Qualitylnput 83
401 Qualitylnput 160
220 Qulncept Inc 142
RUN
Dealers Sell 99
Foreign Dealers 129
Moving .99
HUN Reader Service 131
RUN Subscriptions 35
Subscription Problems 129
University Micro 129
88 Sachs Enterprises 61
167 Sail Software 24
128 Satellite Technology 73
5 Save 117
165 Schoolmaster Programming 129
418 Screenplay 152
97 Sight & Sound International 79
Sim Computer Products 61
255 Simplexsoft Ltd 82
425 S iri us Software, tnc 152
90 Skyles Electric Works 55
241 Soft People Inc 19,21
414 Softsynclnc 162
427 Softsynclnc ....152
224 Software Buyer's Report 153
233 Software Connection 157
48 Software Design 3
164 Southern Cal Micro 161
421 Strategic Simulations, Inc 155
40 Sublogic Corp 49
274 Such-A-Deal 140
6 Synapse Software 39
424 Synapse Software 152
432 Tech-Sketch Inc 156
412 Tlmeworks, Inc 162
T.P.U.G .......150
70 Totl Software 147
429 Transwestern Products Corp 156
417 Tymaclnc 152
430 Tymaclnc 157
99 Ultrabyte 75
272 UltraSoftlnc 155
35 Universal Software 97
184 User FrlendlySystems Inc. ...... 157
83 Waveform Corporation 40,41
408 Waveform Corporation 158
Wayne Green Inc.
480 Manuscripts 151
Rainbow Quest 65
461 Wayne Green Books 99
96 Xeteclnc 74,107
158 YorklOLtd ...139
For further inlomaHon (torn our advertisers, clpcla the corresponding Reader Service number on the Header Service card.
'This advertiser praters to be contacted directly
Advertising Sales; (603) 824-7138
Harold Stephens. Louise O'Sulllvan
130 / RUN April 1984
Circle 192 on Reader Service cart).
Have you placed your
vote for RUN's best ad-
vertisement of the month?
To do so, simply turn to
the reader service card
and fill in the company
name and reader service
number.
Reader
Service
TO RECEIVE MOM INFORMATION ON THE PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES ADVERTISED IN THIS ISSUE, PLEASE TURN TO
READER SERVICE CARD.
Keep detailed records of
all tax deductions, bank
payments, monthly charges,
individual item expenses,
and check transactions with
Home Finan
Manager
FOR THE COMMODORE 64:
Home Finance Manager User
friendly budget program. Mi n if in an-
ciol manager stores more than 200
transactions per month. S39.95
CTRl-64 Permits listing a I C-64 pro-
grams on non-Commodore printers
with back space or expanded char-
acters. Lists control symbols in
readibie form. Tape or disk $14.95
MUPOS Create a file of up to 9
basic programs from keyboard/
tape/disk and run each program
selectively. Programs can be ap-
pended together into one. Re-
number BASIC lines. Note pad, and
more. Tape or disk $39.95
Grade Organlwr Teachers— store
grades for 6 classes, up to 40
students each H 680 grades per stu-
dent. Print interi m and final reports,
class rosters, and more! Disk $39.95
Banner Machine Professional signs
in minutes! Ideal for offices, retail
stores, & home use too! Size up to
paper width by any length. Several
fonts available. Use with all Epson
printers, the Commodore 159.5E,
the Gemini 1 0, and Banana. Tape or
disk $49.95 (Specify all equipment)
Flic Organlier Creates Data Base
storage system. For mailing lists, club
rosters, check books, etc, 529.95
Super Roller Challenging dice
game. Sprite graphics and sound.
Yahtzee-style rules of play. S14.95
Microbroker Exciting, realistic
and educational stock market simu-
lation based on plausible financial
events, 534.95 Tape or Disk
Formulator A scientific calculator
for tasks which require repetitive
arithmetic computations. Vou can
save formulas and numeric expres-
sions. Ideal for chemistry, engineer-
ing, or physics students 539 95
Screendump Print a copy of the
C-64 screen by pressing just D keys.
Machine-language program Is com-
patible with most software. 519.95
Commodore 64 is a registered (rademarx
of Commodore Electronics LEO.
Catalog Available Dealer Inquiries Invited
HOUKS; 10 i.m. (a 4 p.m. «on.-S«l.
Cardinal Software
Distributed by
Virginia Micro System!
t364o Jeff D ™li Mwy
Wood bridge, VA (rBtvt
(103) 491 -6Mv
-»?
Circle 73 on Reader Service card.
1984
TAX PLANNER
COMMODORE 64
DO NT GUESS-TA-MATE!
Now you can instantly know your exact tax situation
and manipulate it throughout the year.
The TAX PLANNER allows you to plan and update your
tax position throughout the year. Do you want to know
the exact tax impact of buying a home, selling stock,
contributing to an IRA, buying rental properly etc. . .?
Can also be used to estimate quarterly tax payments.
The TAX PLANNER includes these schedules and more
Form 1040
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedula D
Schedule E -
Itemized Deductions
Interest & Dividends
Business Income
Capital Gains/Losses
Supplemental Income
Schedule G - Income Averaging
Schedule W - Married Deduction
Form 2106 - Employee Expense
Form 2119 ■ Seles of Residence
Form 3906 - Moving Expense
Form 4684 - Cesuellles S Thefts
$49.95
[\^ ^ y \ mlccaSnU
406 Windsor
New Braunlels, TX 78130
(512) 629-4341
Requires 4SK and Disk Drive
VISAMC/ChecWMoney Order
Dealer Inquiries Welcome ■ Texas Residents add 5% Sales Tax
RUN April 11)84 / 131
Continued from page 20.
program flow makes sense.
Another test is to consider the source.
Some authors, including Jim Butter-
field and myself, try desperately to
assure accuracy in memory maps we
prepare. On the other hand, some re-
sources are known for the unlikeliness
of anything they publish working with-
out corrections.
One other factor is Commodore it-
self. Since new ROMs keep appearing,
it is difficult to cover all variations.
\£i What are some good beginning
books on machine language for the
6502?
Herb Gross
Elgin, II
l\ m . Perhaps you could read Richard
Mansfield's Machine Language for Be-
ginners for now. It is a current bestseller
and quite readable. Two better books
are forthcoming, but I can't name the
authors or publisher yet.
\£'- A friend of mine has numer-
ous disks, which are programmed to
run on his Zenith computer, under
CP/M. He will let me copy these if I can
use them on my C-64. Do you know of
a way this can be done?
Tom Simmons
Smyrna, GA
-fV: One of the persons who devel-
oped CP/M for the 64 has provided me
with a suitable program for transferring
files from a standard CP/M drive
(8-inch, single-sided, single-density,
IBM format) to a 64 CP/M disk. If you
have programs in that format, I can
convert them. However, they may still
not run properly, due to the limited
memory available in the 64 version of
CP/M and its non-standard (for
CP/M) 40 column screen. Unfortunate-
ly, since the time involved is great, I
have to ask $30 for each C-64 disk
created. Further, I can't help you with
copyrighted programs you haven't
bought.
A better approach might be to experi-
ment with connecting your 64 to the
Zenith directly, via your user port
RS-232 lines and a matching port on the
Zenith. However, this may require
some knowledge of Z80 machine lan-
guage. Are you beginning to realize
why Commodore didn't see much point
in rushing CP/M into production for
the 64? M
itializi
Why can Apple computers
e a disk faster than 1541s?
in-
Herb Gross
Elgin, EL
/\; Two reasons come to mind.
First, there is much less usable space on
an Apple disk to format. Second, the
1541 was designed to sell far more
cheaply than an Apple disk system, and
in the process some things were left out,
such as the large RAM buffers of Com-
modore's other disk drives.
Our columnist, Jim Strasma, and his
wife, Ellen, have written five books
about Commodore computers. Tftey edit
the Midnite/PAPER, a small magazine
specializing in brief reviews and hints
about Commodore systems.
i 4MIIY4. \i:\T IIO.VI II
1
Super Timcsavers— The database management system has been called the most powerful soft-
ware tool for the personal computer. Learn why next month as we take a look at 20 of the major
"electronic index card files."
Super Snooper— Come along on a guided tour of the inner workings of your C-64 and V1C-20.
A Sunny Outlook— You may not need a weuthcrman to know which way the wind blows, but
you can use your micro to predict actual weather conditions with the Home Automatic Weath-
er Station from Vaisala, Inc. We'll review this mclcoro logical device in June.
Special Features— In addition, the June issue will include tutorials, reviews, games, programs
and regular columns to help you get the most out of your Commodore system.
Circle ifl on Reader Service card.
. Clip and mall today
ATTENTION ALL COMPUTER OWNERS!
Here's what you're REALLY looking for!
Simple to use, easy to understand
COMPUTER RACING PROGRAMS
Deiianed to work In BASIC on ANY home computer, (org* or email! Written lor all leveli of
honjkoppmg obilitv from beginner to •Mporl. Let your computer do the cokulotiom for
leytr ipeed rating*, par lim*i clou and more! Good documentation AND audio lap* with
•och program to "walk yoo through itt" Alio aval I obi* ready to- run for th» VIC -20 and C-M
NOW AVAILABLE: Troirmr/ jockey recordkeeping program 1 A ujoer limeiover!
MO MKXWAM MrtCTO OVH IH • FM1 NOWT-Ua MUMTH
Send thri ad with vovr name I odd ret « TODAY for FREE DETAILS 1 BROCHURE to:
COM-CAP P.O. Sox J4J75 Ow hi , WM1M
Attention,
Shoppers
Are you in the market for new
software, hardware or accessor-
ies for your system? Well, be
sure to take advantage of the
unique free service that RUN
Magazine offers in each issue.
Each advertisement in the
magazine, as well as each new
product and software an-
nouncement, is assigned a
Reader's Service number,
which corresponds to numbers
on the Reader Service card in
the back of the magazine.
For more information about a
particular product, just mark
the appropriate number on the
Reader Service card and drop it
into the mail. In a short time you
will receive literature from the
advertiser about his product.
This is one of the many ways
in which RUN helps you be-
come a better-informed shopper.
132 / RUN April 1984
GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR
COMMODORE-
orVIC-20computer
<
ALSO AVAILABLE:
3 outstanding
Music Albums to
go with Synthy-64
Classical
Christmas and
Rag/Sing Along
See below
■JgNftl*
ffl
HS&
ls4j(5
B§ir
Trf ^
CHART
PLOT-64
PLDTEH SUPPORT:
AMDEK
Hewlett Picfcsrd
Houston I ml.
STROBE
Swe-et-P
Roland DG
COMING SOON
THE ANATOMY
OF THE 1541
DISK
ULTFt#,6ASIC-M...Add 50
commands: graphics,
music, TURTLE and game
features. Tutorial, demo plus.
TAPE $39.95 DISK $42.95
ASSEMBLEH-MONtTOR-64
High speed language
development. ElBven func-
tion monitor. Screen editing
of source file. DISK $32.95
MERCURE-64... Simple,
powerful file management
with fast design, entry
search report capabilities.
Tutorial DISK S3Z.95
SYNTHY-64... Sets the standard for all of the rest.
Best 64-syn the size r anywhere. Samples and manual.
CASSETTE $29.95 DISK $32.95. Also available: 3 great
companion music albums: Clmltal, Chrfihnit, and
Ragtime Sing-Along. DISK $12.96 Each.
GRAPHICS DESMNER-M... TINY FORTH -84/20... Ex-
Men u-dhven drawings, floor citing language-low price,
plans and illustrations etc.. Powerful, extensible, 200 +
Slide program capability, word vocabulary.
DISK $32.95 TAPE S24.9S DISK $27.95
CHARTPAK-64... Profes-
sional qualtiy pie. line and
bar charts. Menu driven, in-
teractive, hardcopy.
DISK $42.95
CHARTPL0T-64...Same fine
features as CHARTPAK-64
with high quality output to
plotters.
DISK $84.95
ZOOM PASCAL-64... Pro-
duces 6502 machine code
for speed. Roating point, In
teoers, strings File handling.
DISK $39.95
P00L-54/20„.P!;iy Fullrack
or nine ball using hires
graphics. Vc-20 required 8K
expander.
TAPE $14.95 DISK $17.95
SUPER DISK UTIUTY-64...
Speed copy 4 ways: Total,
Bam, Append or File. Dump
or modify sectors. More.
DISK $22.95
SCREEN GRAPH C&WArJds
24 hires, multicolor, sprite
commands to 64-BASIC.
Demo, tutorial and manual.
TAPE $24.95 DISK $27.95
CHECKBOOK MANAGER M
Simple check account main-
tainance. Optional screen or
printer report and backup.
DISK $22.95
ANATOMY OF A COMMO-
DORE-64 Complete guide.
Full comment ROMS list, de-
tailed internals, descriptions.
300 PAGE BOOK $19.95
MASTER-64...Full ISAM Tile management; powerful screen management excellent printer
generator: programmer's aid: BASIC 4 commands; machine language monitor; Soft-
ware developers: NO RUNTIME ROYALTIES; Wrth 150 page manual in three-ring binder
and development software. ■
software oh disk $84.95 Vf. DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
FREE CATALOG Ask for a listing of other
Abacus Software for Commodore-64or Vic-20
Clrcto 8 on Reader Service card.
AVAILABLE AT COMPUTER STORES, OR WRITE:
DISTRIBUTORS
Grail Brilain:
AOAMSOFT
18 Norwich Ave
Rochdale. Lanes
01-788-8963
Will Geimany
DATA BECKER
MerowingersU 30
•WOO Dusseldurl
0211/312085
Bt4aLum L
Irner Services
AVGuillaume 30
Bri'ssei 1160. Belgium
2«<M447
Sweden:
T1AL TRADING
P0 516
34300 AJmhult
47612304
Ff><i«:
Micro Appiiueon
147 Avenue Paul-Gainer
ftueill Malmarson. Rartce
1 -732-9254
Australia:
CW ELECTRONICS
416 Logan Road
Brisbane. Queens
07-3970BOB
Canida Eat
KING MICROWARE LtO
5950 Cote des Neiges
Monireai, Quebec H3S 126
514/737 9335
Mow Inland:
VISCOUNT ELECTRONICS
306-308 Chuich Street
Palmerslon Noflti
63-66-696
Abacus B Software
P.O. BOX 7211 GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 49510
For postage & handling, add $1 .50 (U.S. and Canada), add S3.O0
for foreign. Make payment in U.S. dollars by check, money order
or charge card. (Michigan Residents add 4% sales tax).
FOR QUICK SERVICE PHONE 616-241-5510
Continued from p. 51,
African and Latin rhythms, while Tem-
plate 2 has new wave and rock scores
and sounds. Since they're both overlay
programs, they won't work on their
own, but combined with the Module 1
disk, they provide additional music
scores and synthesizer presets that you
can use to develop your own creations.
Waveform makes the MusiCalc sys-
tem available in two ways: you can pur-
chase each module independently, as
your needs expand; or you can purchase
what they call their Professional Sys-
tem, a more economical package deal
that includes Modules 1, 2 and 3, as well
as the two overlay Templates.
The documentation supplied with
Module 1 is first-rate, leaving nothing
to be desired as far as thoroughness and
explanations go. The 65-page manual
provides a wealth of information on
music theory and electronic music syn-
thesis. It covers every aspect of opera-
tion and control of MusiCalc, and it's
written in an understandable and user-
friendly manner.
The MusiCalc system is complex. Al-
though it can be used by a child or musi-
cal novice, 1 feel it is best suited for the
serious amateur, music student or pro-
fessional musician who is willing to
spend a lot of time with the program.
There's a section in the manual that will
get you up and running in a couple of
minutes. But to fully enjoy the features
of the system and get the most out of it,
a thorough reading and rereading of the
manual is required, as well as the invest-
ment of many hours of experimen-
tation.
As I mentioned earlier, it's a heavy-
weight package that will transform your
C-64 into an incredible sound syn-
thesizer and music machine. This is
without a doubt the most flexible and
comprehensive music/sound package
for the C-64 on the market so far. It will
accommodate your musical needs, no
matter what they are.
One final point that's worth mention-
ing is the packaging. Waveform uses the
"record album" package similar to the
one used by Electronic Arts. The disk,
however, is a work of art in itself.
Rather than the mundane black disk en-
velope we're so used to seeing, Musi-
Calc disks are in technicolor envelopes.
The illustrations on these disks are
colorful and innovative; I've never seen
anything like them before. The protec-
tive jacket is made of clear plastic, in-
stead of paper, thus allowing the art-
work on the disk to be seen, even when
not in use. This novel idea also makes
the modules a snap to pick out when
you flip through your disk file. Very
nice touch, Waveform!
Music Writer 64
M'Soft Corporation has produced
Music Writer 64, a disk-based music
program for the C-64. Music Writer 64
allows the entry, editing and playing of
three voices, control of the SID chip
during play for tonal colorations, sav-
ing the compositions to disk and print-
ing sheet music of the score to your
printer.
All musical signatures, notes, rests,
etc., are entered through the keyboard
in the Write mode. The Play mode al-
lows editing and modification of the
tonal qualities of the composition.
Eight preset sounds are activated upon
boot -up of the program, and you con-
trol them by using the function keys.
There are also provisions for disk utili-
ties, such as formatting and scratching.
An excellent feature of Music Writer
64 is the inclusion of help screens. The
user's manual is thorough and concise,
and provides full descriptions and ex-
planations of the operation of the pro-
gram. Essentially, these help screens are
quick electronic command reference
cards. They provide an on-line directory
of commands for the various modes of
the program, and I found them to be
enormously helpful during composition
and playback.
The synthesizer screen allows total
control of the sound of the composi-
tion. Wave form, pulse, synch, ring
modulation, ADSR, speed and other
settings can be set or changed, and a
myriad variety of setting combinations
allows for unlimited sounds and tonal
colorings.
Some examples of the sounds that
can be created are presented in the sam-
ple selections, included on the disk.
Another unique feature is the Verify
function of the program, which auto-
matically verifies all loads and saves to
ensure everything's working as it
should,
This program is one of the easier mu-
sic/synthesizer packages to use. To
enter music, you must make logical de-
cisions: choose a clef for each voice,
enter the note name, the octave (I, 2 or
3) it is to be in and the duration of the
note. Sharps are represented by a +
sign, flats by a - sign and naturals by a
£ sign.
Rests are entered by hitting the R key,
followed by the duration value. Clefs
may also be changed at any time during
a composition, which also adds to the
flexibility of the program as a creative
tool.
Everything's laid out in very logical
fashion, and this straightforward ap-
proach, combined with the help screens,
makes both learning and using the pro-
gram easy and fast.
Music Writer 64 will also print out
your compositions on your line printer.
For this function to work properly, you
must use a Commodore 1525, 1526 or
810 printer, or a printer that will totally
emulate one of these (there are several
emulator interfaces available to make
your printer act like one of the Com-
modore models).
Once the program "thinks" it has a
Commodore printer on-line, the quality
of the printed sheet music is excellent.
The printout process is somewhat slow-
Music Writer 64.
134 / RUN April 1984
commodore
SOFTWARE FOR C-64
Business
Multiplan
WordPro 3 + .'64 w.'SpellRight Plus .
SpeliRight Plus
Calc Result (Advanced)
Calc Result (Easy)
Mirage Concepts (data base)
Mirage Concepts (40 & 80 elm W/P)
Home Accountant (Continental)
Tax Advantage (Continental)
The Last One 64
(writes basic programs)
Check Book Helper
Easy Finance
Info Designs Accounting G.'L, A'R,
A'P. P/R, l/Meach
Utilities
Super Basic 54
Super Copy 64
Sketch Pad 64
64 Fourth
MTS Terminal Package
(up and down load)
HED — The Graphics Designer
80 Column Expander
ACCESSORIES
39,00
79.00
55.00
125.00
75.00
95.00
95.00
69.00
49.00
89.00
34.95
22.00
S 70.00
35.00
35.00
75.00
45.00
35.00
35.00
55.00
Oscar by Databar
(Bar Code Reader) S 79.95
CBM 1541 Disk Drive S 249.00
Concord Parallel Disk Drive S 345.00
Concord Slave Drive Call
MSD Super Disk (Single) S 395.00
MSD Super Disk (Dual) S 695.00
Vic 1650 Automatic Modem S 109.95
Hayes Smart 300 Modem S 249.00
Hayes Smart 1 200 Modem S 629.00
vlc1530Datasette S 65.00
CBM 1520 Printer Plotter S 179.95
5 Slot Expander (64) S 65.00
64 Relay Cartridge S 45.00
Numeric Key Pad w/Adaptcr S 49.00
Alien Voice Box (Talks & Sings) S 119.00
Verbatim Diskettes;
Single Sided/Single Density S 26.00
Single Sided/Double Density S 30.00
Double Sided'Double Density S 42.00
Texas Instruments LCD Programmer. . . S 55.95
CBM 4023 Ribbons S 12.00
CBM 8023 Ribbons S 14.95
INTERFACES
LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS
Flip N' File Call
Power Strips w/surge stopper Call
Computer Care Kit . . S 19.95
Interpod (full compatibility!!)
(Intelligent IEEE & RS232) Call
The Connection
(full graphics of 64) S 95.00
Cardco I G Parallel Interlace S 79.00
Vic Switch S 149.95
ADA 1800 (Parallel) S 12900
ADA 1450 (Serial) S 149.00
Pet-to-IEEE Cable S 39.00
lEEE-to-IEEE Cable S 49.00
4 Prong A'V Cable S 15.00
Custom Computer Cables
(we make to yo u r spe of ration s) , , Call
CBM 1702 Color Monitor S 249.00
Panasonic CT-1 60 Color Call
Panasonic TR-120 (Green) Call
Panasonic TR-1 20 ( AmSer) . . Call
Transtar 120 (BO column) S 535.00
Transtar 130 (132 column) S 725.00
CBM 6400 Printer S1425.00
NEC Spinwnter Call
Cardco LO 1 Printer S 565.00
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS
CBM MPS-801 Printers
Replaces 1525 (50 cps) S 235.00
Okidata 82A S 412.50
Okidata 83 S 635.00
Okidata 84P $1165.00
Okidata92P S 519.00
Okidata 93P ..$ 810.00
Panasonic KX-P1090 Printer , . , Call
Panasonic KX-P1091 Printer Call
Panasonic KX-P1092 Printer Call
Panasonic KX-P1 093 Printer Call
DEALERS INQUIRIES WELCOME
Call to Order
1-800-527-1738
All Others Call
1-214-231-2645
Micro-Sys
1 B I I II T
COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES
Star Gemini 10X 5 329,00
Star Gemini 15 S 499.00
Star Gemini Delta 10 Call
Executive 64 portable (new) Call
B1 28-80 128k Bus. Machine (new) . . . Call
SuperPet (5 languages) 51059.00
CBM 8032 S 625.00
CBM 2031 single disk S 295.00
CBM 8050 Dual Disk 1 meg S 995.00
CBM 8250 Dual Disk 2 meg S1295.00
64K Expansion Board S 275.00
SuperPet Upgrade Kit S 695.00
WordPro 4+ or5- S 305.00
Visicalc S 225,00
The Manager S 199.00
BPI Accounting System
(5 separate modules) S 325.00
Southern Solutions Accounting
System III (Per.. Module) S 285.00
McTerm Communications Package ,...$ 175.00
Superscript II Call
Superbase Call
Superoffice Call
Complete Accounting Systems Call
Mailing List Manager Call
Order Entry/Point of Sale Call
Calc Result Call
Silver Reed EXD-10 . ... .S 269.00
IF-10 Interface S 109.00
Silver Reed EXD-1 5 S 475.00
IF-15 Interlace S 119.00
Silver Reed EX-43 S 595.00
IF-43 Interlace S 175.00
Orders under 50.00 add 10.00 Handling fee
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RUN April 1984 / 135
er than some of the other programs re-
viewed here, but this shouldn't be a pri-
mary consideration in making your de-
cision for purchase. It's still infinitely
faster than penning in the notes by hand
on staff paper!
All in all, Music Writer 64 is a ver-
satile program that combines extensive
features, synthesizer controls and print-
ing functions in a user-friendly package.
It's one of the better all-around pro-
grams for the computer musician,
whether a beginner or an accomplished
virtuoso.
Note Pro D
Note Pro II is a complex sound and
music synthesizer program from Elec-
tronic Lab Industries. When it is com-
bined with the Note Pro Bridge, anoth-
er program on a separate disk, musical
creations and sound effects may be
combined with your own Basic pro-
grams by performing a SYS call to acti-
vate them. Neither of these programs
allows printing out your creation in mu-
sical notation on a line printer.
The main program, Note Pro II, su-
persedes Note Pro I, which is a simple
music editor. NP-II adds many fea-
tures, including the ability to transpose
by octaves, a full eight-octave range for
each voice, control of the ADSR, wave
shape and filter settings, high-speed
play of up to 450 notes per second (use-
ful for arcade sound effects) and file-
joining capabilities, using disk or cas-
sette files. In addition, you can arrange
musical compositions in any sequence,
all note durations are available and you
can select legato or staccato for each
note.
The user's manual is complete and
thorough, and it fully explains all nota-
tion, entry and control settings. I can't
really call this system user-friendly,
though; it takes a lot of reading and
practice to get proficient at using the
features. In fact, I found Note Pro II to
be one of the more cumbersome music
programs I reviewed.
All entry is accomplished through the
I- LOUD MUSIC
5- SAVE MUSIC
0- DISPLAY MUSIC
C- CREATE MUSIC
E- ENP SECTIONS
6- PLAV MUSIC
P- CREATE PRESETS
A- ARRANGE
<SHIFT> X- EXIT
6T6 MEASURES FREE
Note Pro I! and
Note Pro Bridge.
thy-64,
for the C-64.
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136 / RUN April 1984
keyboard, but it's not done in the stan-
dard music -notation format. If you're
interested in tonal variety and the crea-
tion of sound effects to be used with
your other programs or games, then
perhaps the extra effort needed to util-
ize this package may be worthwhile for
you.
The Note Pro Bridge is a separate
disk containing copyable routines in
machine language that can be incor-
porated into your own Basic programs
for the addition of music or sound ef-
fects. This is a strong point for Note
Pro, since virtually any program is im-
proved by adding sound effects or au-
dio prompts.
The Bridge program is intended to be
used in conjunction with Note Pro I or
II — you first have to create the sound
effects or music, and save them either to
disk or tape to create a sound file. The
Bridge utilizes these sound data files to
integrate the sound into your program
through the SYS command.
Control register values are Poked
into memory and then called as needed
from within the program. The bridge is
interrupt-driven, so you can add it to
programs already written or incor-
porate it into a program you're in the
process of creating.
Note Pro II and the Note Pro Bridge
have extensive applications and capabil-
ities. They are complex to use, however,
since the controls are sophisticated. In
light of this fact, your intended use will
determine whether this is the right pack-
age for you.
If you wish to create and compose
musical scores easily and print them out
in the form of sheet music, then Note
Pro is not for you. If, however, you in-
tend to incorporate your musical crea-
tions into your applications or game
programs, then Note Pro II and the
Bridge are perfect for these purposes.
Synthy-64
Synthy-64, from Abacus Software, is
yet another music and sound-synthesis
program for the C-64. Although it
doesn't make any provision for printing
out sheet music on your line printer, it
does contain other useful features, such
as an interactive display of a song's
lyrics, with musical accompaniment,
should you desire to sing along. The
program is available on either disk or
tape, and you can also store your crea-
tions on either of these media.
Synthy-64 is fairly easy to use, as in-
putting follows a logical pattern. For
example, if you wish to play a C note,
you type in C; to denote duration values
of the note, a slash followed by the
value is input; e.g., C/4 would give you
a C quarter note. Most other entry utili-
ties follow a similar pattern, and getting
the hang of using it takes but a short
time.
I don't mean to oversimplify Synthy-
64; it still takes a bit of time to learn the
command structure and read the manu-
al, but compared to some of the other
systems already mentioned, it's fairly
simple to learn. Mastering all the con-
trols and functions, on the other hand,
may take some doing.
The program lets you tailor the SID
chip's controls to extract the sounds you
want. You can control waveform,
pitch, envelopes, filter and modulator
settings, and in so doing can obtain an
infinite variety of sound. These controls
aren't as easy to use as you might like,
but they're workable and can produce
some nice results.
There is no quick -reference chart,
which would be useful for the cumber-
some control settings, so you'll prob-
ably find yourself referring frequently
to the manual, at least in the early
stages, A provision for line-printing
sheet music would have been nice, but
this just isn't the case.
To sum it up, Synthy-64 is one of the
better compromise music-and-sound
programs. It will allow a great variety of
sound generation for all three voices, it
permits saving your compositions to
either disk or cassette, and it provides
an interactive graphics display of text
(lyrics) along with music and control
settings.
If you absolutely need to print out
your scores, you should look elsewhere.
If you don't need the printout capability
and would like to experiment and in-
vestigate the limitless variety of sounds
that can be synthesized, you'll probably
like Synthy-64.
Kawasaki Synthesizer
This is a very comprehensive music
package that lets you compose, record,
play and print out your musical crea-
tions. This package contains the name
of the designer and author of the pro-
gram, Ryo Kawasaki, who is a noted
Japanese jazz guitarist with over a
dozen album releases to his credit.
As with all the other programs (ex-
cept the joystick-controlled Music Con-
struction Set), Kawasaki Synthesizer is
keyboard-controlled, both for inputting
music and sound-control settings. The
program is marketed on two disks, and
the documentation supplied with it is
exhaustive. Four stars must go to Mr.
Kawasaki for thoroughness— you can't
help but learn quite a bit about both
music and sound synthesis on the C-64
after reading through the manual.
A very thorough study, not just a cas-
ual reading, of the manual is required
if you want to make the most of the in-
tricacy and flexibility that the Kawasaki
Synthesizer offers. A large portion of
the manual is in the form of a tutorial
on music theory and practice as well as
synthesizer nomenclature. It offers a
wealth of information.
The set contains Easy Beginner and
Easy Pro. The latter is the more com-
plex and does just about everything
conceivable with the SID chip.
A three-voice sequencer has been in-
corporated into the software, so that
passages of the composition can be re-
peated. A two-voice sequencer is also
provided so that you can play along to
create or improvise the third voice while
listening to two others. This is a handy
feature when you're developing harmo-
ny parts or chord structures.
Another strong point is the six-octave
range that's available for your scoring
needs. The excellent graphics display
simplifies (to some extent) inputting
music and control settings.
The print-out function is superb, and
apart from the vast flexibility of tone
and pitch ranges possible, this is a real
strong point for Kawasaki's Synthesizer
set. Although intended to be used with a
Commodore printer, an emulator inter-
face will produce equal results on most
printers, and the print quality is ex-
cellent.
Another plus for Easy Pro is the "real-
time sequencer track," as it is called
in the manual. I found this to be par-
ticularly useful in laying down rhythm
tracks, such as drum beats and other
percussion sounds. It's a real boon in
adding color and depth to your com-
positions, and it will do double duty to
keep time for you if you're practicing
on another instrument as well. Very
realistic percussion sounds are possible
using this feature of the program.
1 recommend Easy Pro for the seri-
ous user who isn't easily intimidated by
fat user manuals and who doesn't mind
some extra work during the input and
editing stages to extract precisely the
type of sound he or she wants to pro-
duce. The many illustrations included
with the text in the manual aid in gain-
ing proficiency at using the program.
This is a serious program with excellent
capabilities for the serious musician.
For the amateur composer, there's
Easy Beginner. As the name implies,
Easy Beginner is a simple program that
will get you ready to compose and play
music in a hurry. This program uses
eight different screens that demonstrate
the piano keyboard screen and the
available sounds, give you access to 21
pre-set sounds and 13 pre-set songs, and
let you change the wave forms and oc-
taves.
Other options let you play along with
pre-programmed music patterns on the
"piano keyboard." By combining the
pre-set voices and changing wave forms
and octaves, you can create over 500
pre-set sounds with this program. Nine-
ty percent of the documentation to
operate Easy Beginner is on the screen
for easy use.
The Kawasaki Synthesizer program
will also contain a songbook of today's
most popular songs from artists such as
Billy Joel, Lionel Ritchie, Michael
Jackson, Duran Duran, The Police and
others. With this songbook, you'll be
able to program complete compositions
Kawasaki Synthesizer.
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RUN April 1884 / 137
into the Easy Pro program and dump
them onto disk to save and show to
your friends.
The distributor of this program,
Sight & Sound International, Inc., will
also be manufacturing a keyboard
overlay for the 64 ASCII keyboard. The
keyboard overlay will consist of a two-
octave, organ-type keyboard that easily
snaps over and allows you to play the
C-64 as if it were a portable keyboard
(like a Oasiotone).
Music Machine
Even Commodore has gotten on the
music-synthesis bandwagon. The Music
Machine is a music-synthesizer package
on a ROM cartridge, instead of the us-
ual cassette or disk formats. Cartridge-
load programs have certain advantages
and drawbacks as against tape or disk
programs, and we'll examine them right
now.
The most obvious advantage is that
the cartridge offers "instant-on" read-
iness. In other words, once you insert
the cartridge into your C-64 and turn
the power switch on, that's it — you're
ready to roll without having to wait for
the program to load.
A drawback of the cartridge is that
there is only so much data that can be
crammed into it, so there has to be some
limitation on the complexity of the pro-
gram. Such is the case with Music Ma-
chine — it is a compromise of features.
Basically, it's an easy program to use,
with a minimum of effort needed to
produce music. Input from the key-
board controls three voices. The func-
tion keys control rhythm and tempo.
A pilch control is also provided so
you can "tune" your C-64 to play along
with the radio or a record, and you even
have limited control over the sound of
the music by adjusting the waveform,
effect and octave controls.
In typical Commodore style, the in-
struction manual is user-friendly, and
you can learn everything you need to
know in just a few minutes, since it's
only eight pages long. No lengthy tech-
nical explanations are given, just the
nitty-gritty information on what the
controls are and do and how to handle
them.
For this reason, it's a good choice for
those of you who can't be bothered
reading a lengthy dissertation on how to
use the software. Just plug Music Ma-
chine in, turn it on, breeze through the
manual and start making music (or
noise).
The major drawback of the Music
Machine is that there's no provision to
save your compositions to disk or tape.
Manufacturers' Addresses
Musk Construction Sel
Electronics Aits
2755 Campus Drive
San Mateo. CA 94403
Disk, $40
Studio-64
En-Tech Software
PO Box 881
Sun Valley, CA 91352
Disk or cassette, S39.95
MuskCak
Waveform Corp,
1912 Bonita Way
Berkeley, CA 94704
Disk, 174.95
Musk Writer 64
M'Soft Corp.
12027 Pacific St.
Omaha, NE 68144
Disk, $69.95
Note Pro 11; Note Pro Bridge
Electronic Lab Industries
100 West 22nd St., PO Box 7167
Baltimore, MD 21218
Note Pro [I, cassette, $46.95
Note Pro Bridge, cassette, $24.95
(Add $3 each for disk)
Kawasaki Synthesizer
By Ryo Kawasaki
Distributor: Sight and Sound lnt'1
3200 S. 166 St., POBox27
New Berlin, Wl 53151
Two-disk package, $49.95
Synthy-64
Abacus Software
PO Box 7211
Grand Rapids, MI 49510
Cassette, $29.95; disk, $32.95
Musk Machine; Musk Composer
Commodore Business Machines
1200 Wilson Drive
West Chester, PA 19380
Cartridge, $17.95 each
Mu|>k Voke Module
Commodore Business Machines
1200 Wilson Drive
West Chester, PA 19380
Under S100
VIC Musk Composer
Thorn EMI
1370 Ave. of the Americas
New York, NY 10019
Cartridge, $19.95
Fun With Musk
Epys Computer Software
1043 Kiel Court
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Cartridge, S30
VIC-20 Speech Synthesizer
Maxtron
1 K25A Dursee Ave.
El Monte, CA 91733
Cartridge and cables, $99
The Voke Box
Alien Group
27 West 23rd St.
New York, NY 10010
$129, software included
138 / RUN April 1084
Why this feature wasn't included is puz-
zling, since it wouldn't have taken up
much more memory in the cartridge or
have increased the price significantly.
This lack of capability to preserve
your music becomes painful when
you've spent a long time getting the har-
mony of the three voices just right in a
song and setting the tempo and sound
to your liking. You'd like to save it —
but you can't do it! When you shut off
your C-64, your music goes bye-bye and
won't be heard again unless you key in
the notes and settings all over again.
For this reason, I don't imagine the
Music Machine is going to appeal to the
more serious musicians. It's a really
good starter program for younger musi-
cians, though, and should provide lots
of fun with a minimum of effort.
Music Composer
Commodore must have realized the
inherent shortcomings of their Music
Machine cartridge, so they came out
with the Music Composer. Once again,
this is a ROM cartridge, but this time
they did add the provision for at least
saving the composition to cassette.
While the Music Composer isn't heavy-
duty as far as music and sound pack-
ages go, it's definitely a few cuts above
the Music Machine.
The user's manual is twelve pages
long, and is devoid of frills— just matter
of fact stuff here that will get you using
the program in short order. Again,
since it's ROM-based, there's no wait
while you load the program; you simply
insert the cartridge, turn on the C-64,
and off you go. All note entry is done
by keyboard.
To keep up with their tradition of
user-friendly software, virtually every-
thing on the Music Composer is menu-
driven, which greatly simplifies choos-
ing sounds, voices and other variables.
It includes a sample piece of music by
Handel that gives a nice demo of what
the program can do, and you're even
given the option of changing the preset
instruments, the filters and other tone
controls to hear what effect these
changes will produce in the sample
piece. This is more useful than just
reading about the controls' functions
and trying to imagine the effects.
While the Music Composer still isn't
in quite the same league as most of the
other programs I've covered here, it's
very easy to use, allows storage of your
compositions for replay and editing,
and is an excellent choice for those
looking for a fun way to get their feet
wet in the area of computer sound and
music synthesis. IS
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UNI)IEI3\\iVRI
Software that's priced UNDER the competitions'
COMMODORE 64
Jusl for You I
Continental Home Accountant (D) . . $47
Continental Tox Aovantoge (D) $33
Continental FCM Rrat Qa» Mail $29
Tlmewxs. Electronic Checkbook (D&C) $19
Timeworlrs Money Manager (D&C). . . $19
llmeworks SwifToi (D) $19
Creative Household Finance (D) 123
Creative Household finance (C) $19
HesWore finance Morvoaer (D) $49
Caraco Tom Survival Program (0) 133
Blue Sky Script 64 CD) $49
Coraco write Nowl (D) . , $39
Tlmewortri Word Writer (D) 139
On-une Homeward (D) 139
Deative Joe's Writer (D) $42
HesWore OmniWnrer & Spell (0) $49
Blue Sky Script 44 & Spell CO) $49
WordPro 3 Plus Speliftioht (D) $49
HeiWare Muinpion (D) $7S
HesWore Omnfcalc (D) 137
MJi Procticalc CD&C) $31
MSI Proorammaole Spreoasneet CD) . $95
Home Calc <D&C) $26
Creative Jack's Calc CO) $42
Hanoi c Calc Resu t Aavanced (D) , , . S7S
Oect^ FreoVs ter (D) $42
Tlmeworks Data Manager CDAC) .... $19
Tlmeworks Data Manager II CD&C) ... $39
CoaeWrller Home Fiiewrlter (0) $SS
Entech Data Bose 64 (D) $SS
MSI PractiPJe (0) 119
Spinnaker Aerooios (D) $33
CoaeWrifer Dialog (D) 145
Code Writer ELF Easy Lang. Form (0)., 145
ftlilT'.l'HM
Epyx Fun with Art CCT) $27
Epyii Fun with tAjslc CCT) $27
HesWore Foimtvush (CI) 119
Spmnovor Delta Drawing (CI) $24
Delta Music (CI) $24
KesWare Synihesound CD) $19
E5M33
SFWNAXEB LEARNING FUN
M Color Coves Cot) oges 1-4 $24
AtptroDot Zoo (ct) ages 3-B $23
Face Maker (ct) ages 3-8 $23
KlndorComp (cr) ages 3-B $19
Kids on toys (ct) agei 3-9 $23
Bubble Burst (cl) ages 411 $24
Grandma's House (D) ages 4-9 ..... , $23
Story Machine (ct) ages S-9 $24
Ranch West (ct) oges 5-10 $24
Fraction Fever (ct) ages 7-12 $23
JufceBc* (ct) ages B-odutr , . , $24
Aegean Voyage (ct) ages 8-adult ... $24
Up For Grabs (ct) oges 8-adull $24
AoVenturo Create (ct) ages 12 & up . $24
DESIGNWABE (DISKS)
Crypto Culxr oges S & up $29
Spenicopior ages 4 & up $29
Creolr Creator agei 4-8 $29
Math Male oges 6-11 $29
SpellakoZam oges 7-14 529
SpellaGraph ages 7-14 $29
SCHOLASTIC WIZWARE (DISKS)
Turtle Tracks ages 9 & up $21
Banneicatch ages <j & up $27
Double Adventure ages 9 ft. up $17
Double Wstery ages 9 & up .... H7
Secret Filer ages 10 & up $17
Logo Ttaeot ages 10 & up $17
Square Pairs ages 7-12 $17
HesWare turtle Graphics II (ct) $39
COMMODORE 64 Cont'd
Creative I Am Your 44 I CD)
Creative I Am Your 44 II (D)
Scarpcough Mastertype (D)
Scarborough Songwriter (D) . . . . .
Scarborough Foresman Robe CD)
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A Basic Excursion
Beyond the Manual
By Jeffrey Mills
In this installment, we say goodbye to
an old friend, the Catalog Listing pro-
gram we have watched grow and develop
over the last few months. In the process,
we'll make some new acquaintances:
Messrs. Input Statement, If,.. Then
Statement and Restore Statement.
We covered some of the basics of C-64 pro-
gramming in the first three articles of this series.
Now, we'll work on making the Catalog Listing
program, which we've been developing, more
controlled. If you've missed the first three ar-
ticles, Listing 1 shows the program in its current
state.
The Countdown Begins
First, we'll discuss using a variable as a
counter to keep track (or count) how many times
we've done something.
When you assign variables in a program, al-
ways use the same variable for a counter, so as to
prevent wasting memory by needlessly storing a
large number of variables that won't be reused.
You can call this counter variable any name, but
for this program, we'll use X. To make X count
for us, we'll use this assignment statement:
LETX = X + 1
Now, each time the assignment statement is
performed, 1 will be added to the value stored in
the file cabinet called X in memory. What this
Basic statement means in English is, "Let the
value stored in X equal the value stored in X plus
1." We'll use a counter in our Catalog program
to limit the catalog listing entries on the screen to
ten at one time. This allows us to have more than
ten entries stored in our Data statements without
overflowing the screen's boundaries. We'll call
each set of ten items listed on the screen a page.
Type:
Address author correspondence to Jeffrey A.
Mills, PO Box 06021, Columbus, OH 43206.
58 LETX =
62 LETX = X + 1
80 IF X < 10 THEN GOTO 60
Line 58 ensures that our counter variable con-
tains a before beginning to count. This is called
initialization of a variable. Although Basic usu-
ally initializes variables to for us, you may
sometimes need to initialize a variable to a value
other than zero. Initialization of the variable en-
sures that it contains our intended value. It's a
good practice to follow.
In the case of a string variable (one containing
characters instead of numbers), the C-64 initial-
izes the variable to a null, which is completely
empty; it has a length of zero.
A blank, however, takes up space and has a
length of one. Try not to confuse a null with a
blank. Now, back to the counter.
Line 62 is the counter. Whenever this line is ex-
ecuted, the computer adds 1 to X, the value in
the file cabinet.
Line 80 was replaced with a new line 80, which
contains an If. . .Then statement. This line
checks to see if our count has reached 10 — if
there arc ten items listed on the screen.
If it's still less than 10, we'll go back to line 60
and print another catalog listing entry. If it has
reached 10, we'll go to the next set of instructions
without printing any more on this page.
Out With Your Input
If we want the computer to communicate with
us after listing ten items (to ask us if we want to
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see more of the listing or to just end),
we'll need to explore the Input state-
ment.
The Input statement tells your C-64
to ask you a question and to take your
response from the keyboard. It's a pow-
erful command for programming ques-
tion and answer type programs, and
may also be used in games that are con-
trolled by the keyboard. In more ad-
vanced programming, you'll leam to
use the Input statement with files, too.
A prompt directs your computer to
ask you a question or instructs you to
press a key. (For example, "ENTER
ANSWER:" or "PRESS Y FOR YES,
N FOR NO.")
In the case of our program, why don't
we have the computer prompt us:
"DO YOU WANT TO SEETHE NEXT PAGE
(Y/N) 7"
Since the question requires a spe-
cific character or characters as the re-
sponse (a Y or N), we should display
the choices along with the question; for
example, the "(Y/N)" in our Input
statement.
The Input statement works with or
without a prompt. If the actual prompt
were very long, perhaps covering more
than one line on the screen, we would
use a standard Print statement to place
the prompt on the screen. Then, on the
following line, we'd simply use the In-
put statement to get the reply from the
keyboard.
If we were to print the question as a
separate statement, as we would if it
were quite lengthy, and then if we were
to specify only an input that does not in-
clude the question to be asked, the C-64
would supply us with a ? .
The Input statement may be used like
a Print statement; you need only en-
close the prompt within quotes, and the
computer asks the question and waits
for the answer all in one statement.
If we specify the prompt as pan of
the Input statement, the C-64 prints our
question on the screen and supplies us
with a?.
It's important to remember that the
question mark (?) appears. The com-
puter doesn't know whether or not our
prompt includes a question mark, speci-
fied within quotes, and it would place
its own question mark at the end of the
prompt. Thus, we'd have two question
marks; not quite what we want.
In either case, the flashing cursor ap-
pears after the prompt. The flashing
cursor is the C-64's way of telling us it's
waiting for an answer.
We'll use the method that includes
the question in the Input statement. We
should allow a blank line to print on the
screen before we ask the question.
Type:
84 PRINT
85 INPUT "DO YOU WANT TO
SEE THE NEXT PAGE (Y/N)";KB$
Let's investigate the syntax (the way
you specify a statement) of the Input
statement.
Notice how we used quotes to specify
our question. Notice, too, how we fol-
lowed the question with a semicolon (;)
and a string variable name. The C-64
prints the character or characters be-
tween the quotes as the prompt on the
screen, follows it with a question mark
and then a flashing cursor. Our answer
or response goes into the variable speci-
fied after the semicolon. In this case
KBS.
The Input statement
is a powerful command
for programming
question-and-answer-type
programs, and may also
be used in games
controlled by the keyboard.
We'll use KBS as a standard variable
for inputs like this one, which controls
the flow of the program. We probably
won't use the value in KBS again, so
why set aside in memory a separate file
cabinet for something that's tempo-
rary? KBS is a good choice since it im-
plies keyboard; KB$ is a temporary in-
put from the keyboard.
You don't have to limit inputs to
strings. You could also ask for a numer-
ic response.
Multiple items may be requested with
the same Input statement. For example,
you could use a prompt like "ENTER
MONTH, DAY, YEAR(MM,DD,YY).'*
This input could be followed by the
variables M, D and Y.
The first response from the keyboard
will be entered into the variable M; the
second into D; the third into Y. You can
enter all your answers at once by typing:
4,15,84 in response to the prompt. The
commas serve as delimiters (separators)
and the 4 is placed in M, the 15 in D and
the 84 in Y.
You could also use both string and
numeric response in one input; for ex-
142 / RUN April 1984
ample, "ENTER NAME, AGE:". The
variables used might be NM$ and A,
The Input statement would look like
this:
956 INPUT "ENTER NAME, AGE"; NM$,A
The response from the keyboard
would be:
JOHN DOE, 15
If the response was incorrectly en-
tered as:
15, JOHN DOE
NM$ would contain the characters 1
and 5 or 15. This works because a 1 and
a 5 arc both characters as well as num-
bers. However, when the computer
tried to enter the characters "JOHN
DOE" into the numeric variable A, an
error would occur. The C-64 would
print TYPE MISMATCH ERROR
IN nnn.
nnn represents the line number where
the error occurred. This is another in-
stance illustrating the wisdom of a
prompt designed to show the format in
which the answer should be entered. In
the case of our Catalog program, we
can easily see that the computer expects
a Y or an N in response to the question.
The Input statement is covered on
pages 45-47 of the Commodore 64
User's Guide.
If our question requires a specific set
of answers, like Y for yes or N for no,
we should include an error check to be
sure that only the requested responses
are entered. In the case of our Catalog
Listing program, we want to make sure
that the answer is either a Y or an N.
If our answer isn't a Y or an N, we
must repeat the question and ask for an
answer again. The If statement for this
is a bit more complicated than those
we've previously used, because we must
check on more than one condition (is it
a Y or is it an N?).
If. . .Then
To check on more than one condi-
tion, we'll use the If. . .Then statement
just tike we would for a single condi-
tion, but we'll add either an And or an
Or to the statement.
Use And when both of the conditions
being checked must be true. Use Or
when only one of the conditions must
be true. You may use more than one
And or Or in one If. . .Then statement.
If. ..Thens with multiple Ands and
Ors will sometimes be difficult to set up,
so, for now, we'll just stick to one And
or Or in an If. . .Then, Once we've had
more practice with Ands and Ors, we
can move up to more complicated con-
ditions.
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10 REM *** PROGRAM/ TAPE CATALOG ***
20 REM *** WRITTEN BY: YOUR NAME **
25 POKE 53280, 12: POKE 53281, 0: REM *** SCREEN COLORS
30 PRINT "(SHFT CLR}"
40 PRINT" {CTRL 8} {14 SPACES) TAPE CATALOG
50 PRINT
52 PRINT" {COMD 6JTAPE", "PROGRAM"
54 PRINT"NO.", "NAME"
56 PRINT
60 READN,P$
65 IF N = -1 THEN GOTO 90
70 PRINT" (CTRL 4}"N,P$
B0 GOTO 60
90 REM *** END OF LOOP ***
9000 DATA 101, GAME 1,101, GAME 2
9010 DATA 102, GAME 3, 102, GAME 4
9020 DATA 103, GAME 5, 103, GAME 6
9999 DATA -1 ,EOF
Listing I. Catalog Listing program as developed through lesson 3.
10 REM *** PROGRAM/ TAPE CATALOG ***
20 REM *** WRITTEN BY: YOUR NAME **
25 POKE 53280, 12: POKE 53281, 0: REM *** SCREEN COLORS
***
30 PRINT "{SHFT CLR}"
40 PRINT" {CTRL 8} {14 SPACES (TAPE CATALOG"
50 PRINT
52 PRINT" (COMD 6) TAPE", "PROGRAM"
54 PRINT"NO.", "NAME"
56 PRINT
58 LETX=0
60 READN,P$
62 LET X = X + 1
65 IF N = -1 THEN GOTO 90
70 PRINT"{CTRL 4} M N,P$
80 IF X < 10 THEN GOTO 60
84 PRINT
85 INPUT" DO YOU WANT TO SEE THE NEXT PAGE (Y/N)";KB$
86 IF KB$ o"Y" AND KB$<>"N" THEN GOTO 85
88 IF KB$ = "Y" THEN GOTO 30
89 IF KB$ = "N" THEN GOTO 100
90 RESTORE
92 GOTO 60
100 PRINT "{SHFT CLR)" : END
9000 DATA 101, GAME 1,101, GAME 2
9010 DATA 102, GAME 3, 102, GAME 4
9020 DATA 103, GAME 5, 103, GAME 6
9030 DATA 104, GAME 7, 104, GAME 8
90 40 DATA 105, GAME 9,1 05, GAME 10
90 50 DATA 106, GAME 11, 106, GAME 12
9060 DATA 1 07 , GAME 13,1 07, GAME 14
9070 DATA 108, GAME 15, 108, GAME 16
9080 DATA 109, GAME 17, 109, GAME 18
9999 DATA -1 ,EOF
Listing 2. Complete Catalog Listing program.
As this applies to the Catalog pro-
gram, we only want to re-ask the ques-
tion if the answer is neither Y nor N, so
enter:
86 IF KBS < > "Y" and KB$ < > "N" THEN
GOTO 85
Remember that if we're checking a
siring variable we must specify what
we're checking inside quotes. The item
144 / RUN April 1984
specified inside quotes is called a con-
stant or literal. If the variable is numer-
ic, we'll still be able to use literals;
they'll just be numbers instead of
strings and won't be specified within
quotes.
In such a check, we don't have to use
literals for the comparison; we could
use a variable. However, in our particu-
lar application we know that the re-
sponse to the question should only be Y
or N, so we use literals.
In the case of this check, as in the case
of the If. . .Then in line 80, if the condi-
tion we specify after the If statement is
true, our program will do what is speci-
fied after the Then statement in the
same line. If the condition specified
after the If statement is not true, the
program will go on to the next line and
ignore the statement after the Then
statement.
Once the computer knows our re-
sponse is a correct letter, we can tell it
what to do if we want to see another
page or if we just want to end. If we an-
swer Yes — we want to see the next
page — we must erase what is on the
screen and then print the next page of
the listing.
Since we want the headings to print,
we can send the program back to line
30. The screen will clear, the headings
will print and the next ten items in the
Data statements will then be read and
printed.
Remember that, by including line 65,
we've already taken into account that
we may run out of items to print.
If we answer No — we do not want to
see any more — we can jump to a state-
ment at the end of the program. We
should probably have the screen cleared
when we end, just to be neat about it.
To accomplish both of these checks,
let's type in these lines:
88 IF KB$="Y" THEN GOTO 30
89 IF KBS = "N" THEN GOTO 100
100 PRINT ,, |Shift-CLR/HOME] , ':END
Previously, line 89 pointed to line
100, and 100 did not yet exist, so we had
to add it. It contains the embedded
Print command to clear the screen, and
then it ends the program's execution.
Computer Restoration
It would be helpful if we could look
over our game list by simply answering
Y when we are asked if we want to see
the next page.
Then, if the last page did not contain
ten items, it would be helpful if we
could tell the C-64 to go back and
restart the list to fill up the rest of the
last page.
The Restore command makes all this
possible. It returns the pointer to the be-
ginning of the Data statements and al-
lows the program to start reading from
the beginning with its next Read state-
ment. The Restore statement does not,
in itself, read anything. It just moves the
pointer in memory so that we may ac-
cess all of the Data statements again.
The Restore command is mentioned
on page 124 in the Commodore 64
User's Guide.
Where shall we use the Restore com-
mand in our program? If we were doing
this listing by hand, ask yourself when
we'd need to go back to start the listing
over. We'd return to the start of the list
when we find, with the check in line 65,
that we have no more items to read at
the end of the Data statements.
Let's add a Restore command to line
90 instead of the remark that is there,
since we only want to end the ioop when
we answer N to whether or not we want
to see the next page.
We'll put a GOTO after the Restore
command so as to force the listing to
continue until we answer N. This is
called an unconditional GOTO.
We use the term unconditional if we
want consistently to do something when
we get to a statement. If there was a rea-
son not to do something or a reason to
do something (like in line 65), we'd say
that the GOTO was conditional.
The GOTO in line 65 is conditional
and the GOTO in line 90 is uncondi-
tional,
Let's make these changes to the pro-
gram:
90 RESTORE
92 GOTO 60
We return to line 60 since the pro-
gram must next get another item from
the list in the Data statements. We'll
In the next article,
we'll apply our knowledge
to the design
and coding
of a simple
interactive game.
follow through step-by-step to check if
this is correct.
The headings are already on the
screen at line 60, and perhaps we have
several items already listed. We'll read
the next item. Line 65 will check to see if
the item we just read was - 1, End Of
File (EOF). If it was the dummy end da-
ta, we'll go to line 90.
Line 90 will move our pointer in the
Data statements back to the beginning.
Now comes the hard part! If we had re-
turned to line 70 instead of line 60, we'd
be printing a - 1 for the tape and EOF
for the program name. We should go
back to read the next item to be printed
from the beginning of the list.
Let's add a few more Data statements
to our program, to be sure that we have
more than ten items in the listing.
As always, with a new or developing
program, make sure that the program is
saved on tape or disk before it's tested.
If there is an error which forces us to
turn off the C-64, we can easily recover
by simply loading in the program and
correcting the error.
Now, let's run it to see how well our
C-64 follows our instructions. (Listing 2
shows the finished Catalog Listing pro-
gram.)
We've worked on this program for
quite a while, and it's in good order. In
the next article, we'll apply our knowl-
edge to the design and coding of a sim-
ple interactive game. We'll also learn a
couple of new commands that will help
us develop a structured program and
allow our computer to take a more ac-
tive part in the game. SI
Circle 109 on Reader Service card.
r
Unlock Your Creativity.
Commodore 64 Color Sketch Pad
Whether you're six or sixty-six, you can use high resolution graphics
and color to DOODLE! Use this professional quality graphics tool
to draw up a house plan, sketch a landscape, create a colorful
masterpiece or just "doodle." On-line MENUS make
DOODLE easy to use; 100% machine language means
instant response. With your Commodore 64 and joystick or
trackball you can:
• DRAW pictures in your choice of 16 Commodore 64 colors,
and PAINT with 8 "brush" sizes.
• SAVE vour doodle on a disk. LOAD it in to doodle some more
• Instant" NEGATIVE or MIRROR IMAGE of a doodle.
• Instant BOXES, CIRCLES and straight LINES
anywhere on your screen.
• DUPLICATE, Enlarge, Stretch, Squeeze or
Rotate any part of your doodle.
• ZOOM in to draw fine detail. C*^rt QR
• PRINT your doodle on ^-jH
many popular printers. WW«
For information, jraor nfjrtst dealer, or in order uWl, CAtt TOLL FREE
1-800-558-1008 <"™r 5 & ■*«'
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CHy Software
City Software Distributors, inc.
735 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Milwaukee, WI 53233
mk C5
© Copyr^hl I°83 by Mark R. Rubin k OMNI LTnlkmllcd. Commodore M It a rrRLigered
trademark of Cemtmijfire Elfctrntik'*, Ltd.
RUN April 1984 / 145
Clubs
Youngwood, PA
The Westmoreland Commodore Us-
er's Club includes about 250 families.
They meet at 8 PM on the third Friday
of every month at the Westmoreland
County Community College in Young-
wood, PA.
They have active subsections for edu-
cators and hams, and they have a large
public domain program library. The
group is interested in contacting other
user groups to exchange newsletters and
public domain software.
For information, contact Jim Math-
ers, Club Coordinator, at 3021 Ben
Venue Drive, Greensburg, PA 15601.
Hudson County, NJ
The Hudson County Commodore
User's Group sends out a monthly
newsletter filled with computing tips
and information. The club is based on
software exchange, and they hope to
start a BBS.
Contact Dave Westphalen, Hudson
County Commodore User's Group, 308
Palisade Ave., Union City, NJ 07087,
(201) 330-8317.
Fairfield, CT
The Fairfield County Commodore
User Group welcomes Commodore
owners to join their newly- formed
group. Write to PO Box 212, Danbury,
CT 06810.
Waukesha, WI
The Wisconsin Association of VIC/
C-64 Enthusiasts (W.A.V.E.) meets at
7:00 PM on the first and third Fridays
of each month.
The first meeting consists primarily
of demonstrations and presentations,
while the second meeting is an open,
copy session that allows members to ac-
146 / RUN April 1984
RUN Amok
As you see, we're still RUNning Amok, but hoping to drastically reduce, if not
totally stifle, the bugs that crawl into some of our programs. February's issue
brought you slashed zeros, and in March our new printhead finally disposed of the
0-0 problem. Again we apologize for the inconveniences the errors have caused
you. We very much appreciate your calls and your understanding of our difficul-
ties. Following are some remaining corrections for the January and February
issues:
Item: A short listing was omitted from the answer to Bob Sullivan's question in
February's Commodore Clinic (p. 15). The listing in full appears below.
100 OPEN 15,8,15
110 OPEN 1, 8,2,"0:NAME,l, n +CHR$(RL)
120 GOSUB 230
130 B2=INT(NR/256)
140 B1=NR-256*B2
150 PRINT#15, "P"+CHR? (2)+CHR$ (BU+CHRS (B2J+CHRS, (1)
160 GOSUB 230
170 PRINT #1,CHR$ (255) ;
180 GOSUB 230
190 CLOSE 1
200 GOSUB 230
210 CLOSE 15
220 GOTO 260
230 INPUT#15,DS,DS$,ET,ES
240 IF DS >0 AND DSO50 AND DS<>62 THEN PRINT DS$:STOP
250 RETURN
260 END
Item: In the listing of the Canyons of Zelaz program (January, p. 42), there are
too many characters in line 1003. The solution is to abbreviate DATA by typing D
shift A.
Item: In The Riddle of the Symbol Code program (January, p. 92), line 204 was in-
advertently cut out of the listing. Here it is:
204 FOR QW«55296 TO 56319 : POKE QW,0 : NEXT QW
cess the library, which contains public
domain software for the C-64 and the
VIC-20. Associate memberships are
available.
Write to W.A.V.E., PO Box 641,
Waukesha, WI 53187-0641, or phone
Annette Levandowski at (414) 771-7016
or Tom Read at (414) 964-3704.
Do you belong to a club that you
want others to know about? Are you
in the process of forming a club?
Send your user's club announce-
ments to Clubs, RUN, 80 Pine St.,
Peterborough, NH 03458.
Item: Disk Master Revisited (February, p. 100) has a problem in line 2060. 16
SPACES should read 16SHFT SPACES. Also, in line 430, "IO" should be "10".
2060 y=16:F$=LEFT$<F$+"{16 SHFT SPACES }", 1 6 ) :RETURN
Item: In the February issue. Speedy Mosquito {p. 44) developed an itchy bug in line
1040. What looks like a 1 (one) isn't. It's an I (eye) that got scratched. It should
read...POKE832+I...
Item: There were also problems with Database Deluxe (February, p. 48). There was
one incorrect line and one omitted from the C-64 listing, and one incorrect line in
the VIC-20 listing. Here they are:
The C-64 corrections:
400 OPENl,l,l,TS:J=l:GOTO890
490 FORI=JTON-1 : IFS$ ( I ) ="[ SHFT *] "ANDS$( 1+1 >="[ SHFT *]"
THENI=N-1 :GOTO510
The VIC-20 correction:
40 OPENl,l,l,T$:J=l:GOT089
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RUN April 1984 / 147
Book Gallery
Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
Using the Commodore 64
In the Home
Hank Librach and Bill Behrendt
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
Softcover, 100 pp., $10.95
Using the Commodore 64 in the
Home is a collection of twenty Basic
language programs written by Hank
Librach and Bill L. Behrendt. These
programs cover a whole range of home
uses for the Commodore 64. Half of the
programs deal with a diverse range of
subjects, from "Nutrition Pack," an
aid to counting proteins, calories and
fats in the daily diet for a list of fifty
foods, to "File Cabinet," a sequential
data file organizer that is formatted to
allow you to organize a personal library
through the use of authors' names and
book titles. This program is also de-
signed to keep track of stamp collec-
tions, stocks, or any other sequential
data file that you may wish to keep.
The second half of the book is de-
voted to the use of the Commodore 64
tn the playroom and includes several
conventional computer games. One
program, entitled "Music Maestro," al-
lows you to take advantage of, and bet-
ter understand, the excellent sound syn-
thesizer which is an integral part of the
Commodore 64.
All of the first ten programs are writ-
ten in Basic language constructions
compatible with the Read-Only-Mem-
ory (ROM) of the Commodore 64. I
tried typing, loading and running sev-
eral of these programs and had no ma-
jor problems.
The first ten programs are simple,
practical and useful. Even the novice
programmer would have little trouble
typing, loading and running these pro-
grams. In fact, with just a few easily-
made changes, the beginning program-
mer could adapt the programs to better
satisfy his needs.
The second group of programs in the
»■»*
■*■■
T~*~ ■
» ^ I II I V ■ •■
V" V i . i * i i ■ W i 4 W i i '■ u"
\ ■ r ■ ' > V r
(Ml ■••■, HUlialWlllHU
k Librach and Bill L Behrendt
series of twenty is another matter, how-
ever. It's apparent that only a user with
at least some advanced programming
experience would be able to type, load
and run the programs successfully.
There are no explanations to help the
new programmer understand how to
produce many of the characters neces-
sary to successfully type and list the pro-
grams into memory. The only clues to
the keyboard manipulations necessary
to produce the special Basic characters
are in the index of the book, which, un-
fortunately, does not give any examples
or further explanations.
In spite of the reservations I have ex-
pressed above, I believe that, even for
the novice programmer, this book is a
good investment that will provide end-
less hours of fun and learning for the
Commodore 64 owner.
Gerald D. Gelvin
St. Simons Island, GA
Your Commodore 64
John Heilbom and Ran Talbott
Osborne/McGraw-Hill
2600 Tenth St.
Berkeley, CA 94710
Softcover, 444 pp., $14.95
Your Commodore 64 is a fully illus-
trated teaching guide, with something
for both the beginner and advanced
user. The clear, well-organized text cov-
ers everything from setting up your sys-
tem and attaching peripherals to ad-
vanced programming techniques such
as the inner secrets of using disk files,
programming an "electronic organ"
and designing custom characters for
your printer.
In fact, except for the most sophis-
ticated applications requiring extensive
machine language programming, this
book is probably the best all-around
reference available for the C-64.
Osbome/McGraw-Hill books have
always been characterized by a very
clean layout packed with meaningful il-
lustrations and useful programs. Your
Commodore 64 continues this tradi-
tion. For example, commands and pro-
grams that you can type into your com-
puter are printed with a characteristic
dot-matrix style to distinguish them
from normal text. Figures throughout
help explain how data is recorded on
disk and how arrays are used, in addi-
tion to making programming concepts
understandable.
Chapters 3 and 4 cover the normal
Basic commands such as Print and
Goto. But even if you know Basic, there
are a number of valuable routines that
can be incorporated into your own pro-
grams. For instance, several routines
are dedicated to designing a form on the
screen that can be filled in as data is en-
tered. Color control, cursor positioning
and data editing are all represented.
For those interested in game or
graphics control, chapter 5 has the an-
swers — complete with all the memory
148 / RUN April 1984
locations and code for reading joysticks
and game paddles. This chapter even
has a subroutine that turns the key-
board into a joystick.
As programs get more complicated,
authors Hcilborn and Talbott take the
time to explain the tricky coding in de-
tail. This way you really know the pur-
pose of each statement and can modify
programs for specialized needs.
Two features that set the Commo-
dore 64 apart from other machines in its
class are sprite graphics and a music
synthesizer. Your Commodore 64 con-
tains one of the most complete descrip-
tions of creating bit-mapped (high
resolution) graphics, as well as showing
how to control sprites and other video
tricks.
These are complex subjects requiring
direct access to memory locations in the
video circuitry. Again, the authors do a
fine job of explaining how various reg-
isters are used to control Che Commo-
dore 64's graphics and sound capabil-
ities.
With any technical work, there are
bound to be some errors, and I found a
few in this book. Some were typos:
"The key is lines 313-316...." There
are no line numbers in that range in the
figure referenced.
In the graphics chapter, there is an
important discussion about which col-
ors can be combined with others for the
best results. This information was ap-
parently placed in a chart that is myster-
iously absent from the book.
Other problems are simply errors of
fact. There is a long discussion about
using soft-sectored disks with the Com-
modore 1541 disk drive, stating hard-
sectored disks cannot be used. In reali-
ty, the disk drive doesn't recognize the
sectoring hole, so just about any type of
disk will work fine.
Outweighing these few problems is
the wealth of accurate data, such as a
complete, 15-pagc memory map of how
the Commodore 64 is organized. This
information is important because many
programs you write, even in Basic, will
require looking directly at and changing
numbers in the proper part of memory
(Peeking and Poking). Want to know if
one sprite collides with another? The
memory map will tell you the location
to check.
Also included in the appendix is a
hexadecimal-to-decimal conversion chart
(useful for machine language program-
ming), and one of the clearest represen-
tations I've seen of the Commodore
character sets, together with the asso-
ciated numerical codes.
What sets this text apart from all
other similar offerings is the quality and
amount of information. Even consider-
ing the few miscues I found, Your
Commodore 64 is still one of the best
references available for the Com-
modore 64.
Michael Heck
Harleysville, PA
VIC Basic
Ramon Zamora, Don Inman,
Bob Albrecht and Dymax
Restun Publishing Co., Inc.
11470 Sunset Hills Road
Reston, VA 22090
Softcover, 360 pp., S14.95
Here's a book every beginning VIC-
20 programmer will want to get his
hands on! In fact, it's such an excellent
introduction to this popular computer
that Commodore really ought to supply
it free of charge with every VIC-20 sold.
Since it addresses many questions that
newcomers have (and does so in a
clever, chatty style), much of the confu-
sion which ensues when the new VIC-20
is unwrapped could be avoided. Let's
first look at the contents and then finish
off by noting why VIC Basic excels as a
"first book" for VIC-20 users.
The authors are able to cover most of
the Basic commands. Chapters one,
two and three introduce the new user to
the VIC-20 by demonstrating some of
the features which make this computer
VIC
BASIC
A User-Friendly Guide
GRAPHICS
COLOR SOUND
^';W/Wf-VfV/M V-'.
0.. if'Ht '/.AMiTTA, Tkm I mn.il. , EM, Attn. 'Chi . .nwJ E>v:n.. s
stand out. Beginning aspects of color,
sound and printing to the screen are il-
lustrated along with the notions of cur-
sor control and error messages.
Chapter four acquaints you with the
concept of a stored program while illus-
trating how the screen editor functions.
Commands such as List, Goto and
For/Next are demonstrated in the
course of this chapter, and the various
forms of punctuation allowable in a
Print statement are also explained.
After these four chapters, you will
have enough information to start
punching in programs of your own
devising, and the authors test your skill
by presenting an interesting word game
in chapter five. This game, called
Word's Worth, besides being fun, is
also useful in that it introduces the no-
tions of problem solving, palindromes
and codes.
Chapters six and seven drive home
the importance of numeric and string
variables, as well as making clear some
of the quirks of the VIC-20's number-
handling ability. Rnd, If/Then, Read,
Data and Input appear along the way
and then are put to use in a music-
maker program which is sure to delight
even the most tone-deaf reader!
In Chapters eight and nine, the se-
crets of simple animation are unfolded
by showing how to bring a variety of
creatures to life on the screen. Blue-
birds, rainbow crabs, ants and worms
are all here, and the techniques involved
in making them appear to move is
treated in some detail.
You'll need a little relaxation at this
point, so the Word's Worth game is re-
visited in chapter ten, with several new
puzzles and teasers. As before, al-
though games may not seem to be all
that important, you will learn useful tid-
bits about problem solving and com-
puting.
Chapters eleven, twelve and thirteen
climax all that has come before and
serve to reveal the slant of the whole
book. It's clear that the authors enjoy
graphics, sound and color, and the last
three chapters delve into these areas
more deeply. Harmony, special effects
and crashes are explained, and the es-
sential idea of polyphony is illustrated
in some simple programs.
Next, a dice-throwing simulation is
treated with some ideas on how to pro-
duce a realistic screen display. For any
gamesters in the crowd, a complete pro-
gram listing for a challenging memory
game is presented; besides being fun, it
RUN April 1984 / 149
serves to show how the VIC-20 can ex-
cel at various game-playing tasks. Final-
ly, the last chapter shows how to best
use the Poke command, while explain-
ing the tricky business of screen codes at
the same time.
A variety of appendices polish off the
book. Tables of color codes, screen
codes and musical note information will
be of use to the amateur game-maker,
while the section on using the Datassette
will help the novice in using mass stor-
age. Other tables show reserved words
and error messages.
What are the outstanding features of
this book? What topics are glossed over
or not treated at all? What audience will
derive the most benefit from it? Having
ovcrvicwed the contents of the book,
let's sec if wc can answer these three
questions.
Perhaps the single most outstanding
feature of VIC Basic is its excellent
visual appeal. Many, many displays,
pictures and cartoons grace the book.
(By the way, the cartoons are quite fun-
ny and not just trivially related to the
subject matter!) In general, between the
clever word descriptions and the ex-
cellent illustrations, you would find it
difficult to get lost in any concept.
Another nice feature is that each
chapter is organized in such a way that
several related Basic commands are
taught simultaneously. At the end of
A breezy, relaxed
format leads to an
understanding of the
Basic language.
each chapter there is a summary of the
key concepts and a quiz with accom-
panying answers to test your knowl-
edge. VIC Basic could well find its way
into any school program as an excellent
introduction to programming the
VIC-20.
What subjects are missed? Well,
quite a few, actually. No mention is
made of files, mass storage, arithmetic
or logical functions, high-resolution
graphics, the function keys, machine
language programming or peripherals
(except for a brief explanation of using
the Datassette for saving programs).
Obviously this book is slanted to-
wards the novice. Seasoned veterans
will find nothing new here, but the
VIC-20 tyro will feel quite at ease in de-
veloping some fundamental skills at the
keyboard. Although the cartoons and
chatty style may lead you to believe this
book is only suited for youngsters, it is
equally probable that older folks will
get a kick out of it too, since the book
makes it quite clear that computers are
not fearsome creatures after all!
VIC Basic is a superb book for any
newcomer to the VIC-20. A breezy,
relaxed format takes you painlessly
down a path which leads to a funda-
mental understanding of the Basic lan-
guage. And along that path many fun
side roads pop up that should convince
you that the VIC-20 is lots of fun for
creating simulations, word games and
multicolor graphics with plenty of
sound and action.
Thomas Henry
Miinkuto, MN
COMMODORE OWNERS
Join the world's largest, active Commodore
Owners Association.
Access to thousands of public domain programs
on tape and disk (or your Commodore 64, VIC 20
and PET/CBM.
Monthly Club Magazine
Annual Convention
Member Bulletin Board
Local Chapter Meetings
Send $1.00 for Program Information Catalogue.
(Free with membership).
Membership
Fees for
12 Months
Canada — $20 Can.
U.S.A. - $20 U.S.
Overseas — $30 U.S.
T.P.U.G. Inc.
Department "R"
191 2 A Avenue Road, Suite 1
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5M 4A1
* LET US KNOW WHICH MACHINE YOU USE *
150 / RUN April 1K84
Circle 208 on Reader Service card.
■■^i
SUPER FORTH 64
'TOTAL CONTROL OVER YOUR COMMODORES
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING EASE!
# Hume Use, Fas) Games. Graphics. Data Acquisition. Business
* Process Control. Communications. Robotics. Scientific
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WOW!
DON'T MISS OUT ON OUR GREAT
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Mark off the reader service card (if this
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TODAY.
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PO BOX 12309 DEPT.HJ2
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Now.
64 Supports 64!
SPRITE-64 is a new graphics utility
which supports 64 Sprites on the
screen AT THE SAME TIME!
SPRITE-64 gives you a biy advantage over programmers
who use only 8 sprites. Wilh 64 sprues on the screen, you
can provide amazing graphics for games and educational
software.
SPRITE-64 is designed to lie combined with your sod ware
to that you can sell your finished programs And
CrossTech offers FREE LICENSING so you won't have any
problems using our software with your programs.
SPRITE-64 includes a Basic Support Package to make
your programming easier:
£ Adds Sprite command lo Basic
NO PEEKS OR POKES.
9 Joystick and Paddle support
9 (iriMt for Gfimnsl
5PRITE-C4 it wriiurn m h.gh ip#fld Hfonibly langufl^i tor mexfenuiri
SPRITE-64 for the Commodore-64
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Spis'ifvTAPE OF DISK Send Check or Mon-eY Or far xo
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2133 W Framunt • ChJcncjo. IL 60614 • (31 21371-36S6
COMMODORE 64 tt ■> reglSIQr?d lr.i.:h"r..jr^ nf COMMODORE JNC
Author
author 1 .
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The call for authors is out!
Wayne Green Books is accepting manu-
script proposals for the upcoming publi-
cation list. Ideas for book-length manu-
scripts about any microcomputer system
or area of electronics will be considered.
In addition to payment and royalties, we
offer our distribution channels and the
marketing support your book deserves.
Send proposals or requests for a copy of
our Writer's Guide to:
Editor, Wayne Green Books
Peterborough, NH 03458.
Or call toll-free 1*800*343-0728.
E
mSta-64
?by Eastern House
A Communications Cartridge
for the Commodore 64.
Upload/Download, Slatus Line, elc. Works with
your Commodore 1600 or 1650 Modem.
Auto-dialing, elc. when used with Ihe new
CBM 1650 Modem.
Cartridge and Manual - $49.95
Circle 50 on Reader Service card-
RUN April 19S4 / 151
Games RUNdown
Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
Solo Flight
Solo Flight is a three-dimensional fly-
ing simulation for the Commodore 64.
You can test your skills with takeoffs,
landings and cross-country navigation
under both visual and instrumental
flight rules. Twenty-one different air-
ports are featured. You must maneuver
your aircraft depending upon the pre-
vailing wind and weather conditions.
Once you have developed your flying
skills, you can accept the challenge of
the Mail Pilot game, in which you must
use your skills to deliver the U.S. Mail
quickly and safely among five different
airfields.
Solo Flight is available on disk for
$34.95. MicroProse Software, 10616
Beaver Dam Road, Hunt Valley, MD
21030.
Check Reader Service number 428.
Capture the Mothership
Softsync, Inc. (14 East 34th St., New
York, NY 10016) has released Mother-
ship, an arcade-style game for the Com-
modore 64.
You start in the Zarway corridor,
screaming along in 3-D, avoiding drone
fighters that swarm out of the Mother-
ship. The next level transports you in-
side the Mothership, where you must at-
tempt to capture the ship by penetrating
its Communications Center. If you're
successful, you can then pilot the ship
for an attack on an enemy planet.
Mothership is available on disk for
$29.95.
Check Reader Service number 427.
Pilot a British Biplane
Blue Max puts you in the open cock-
pit of a British World War I biplane.
You soar through the skies, bombing
enemy targets that dot the riverbank
below.
After making it through your first
bombing run, you must safely land your
plane to refuel and reload, and then pre-
pare to take off again. Your control
panel monitors your fuel, the number
of bombs you have left, airspeed,
altitude and score.
Blue Max requires a joystick and is
available on disk for the Commodore
64. It costs $34.95. Synapse Software,
5221 Central Ave., Richmond, CA
94804.
Check Reader Service number 424.
Tymac Talkies
Tymac, Inc. (129 Main St., Franklin,
NJ 07416) has introduced two new
games for the VIC-20 that feature
words, music and sound effects without
the need for a synthesizer.
Samurai is an action game for one or
two players. Each player is an honor-
able Samurai from a respected family
who must wield precision weapons with
split-second timing in an effort to de-
fend the family's honor.
In Codename: Deadzone, you are a
lieutenant who must battle the mad
leader of a hostile nation that has devel-
oped a deadly viral plague. You must
prevent them from unleashing the
plague on the world.
Both games are available on cartridge
for $34.95.
Check Reader Service number 417.
Pogo Joe
Screenplay (PO Box 3558, Chapel
Hill, NC 27514) has released Pogo Joe
for the Commodore 64.
In Pogo Joe, you are presented with
64 different screens of cylinders through
which to guide Pogo. You control his
fate as he jumps from cylinder to cyl-
inder, changing the color on top of each,
which allows him to move on to the next
screen. The more screens you complete,
the more dangerous your mission be-
comes as you try to bounce Pogo Joe to
safety.
Pogo Joe is available on disk and
cassette for $24.95.
Check Reader Service number 41 8.
Raging Battle on the
High Seas
Sirius Software, Inc. (10364 Rock-
ingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827)
lias released Wavy Navy for the Com-
modore 64.
The game puts you in the midst of a
raging battle on the high seas. One to
four players can work their way up
from galley slave to president in ten in-
creasingly complex rounds. Huge roll-
ing waves force you to continuously
change positions, exposing you to mines
in the water as well as enemies in the air.
Wavy Navy is available on disk for
$34.95.
Check Reader Service number 425.
152 / RUN April 1984
BASIC BYTE JUST
MADE MANAGING YOUR
STOCK PORTFOLIO EASIER
Introducing PORTFOLIO MANAGER by Basic Byte, a high-
quality, easy-to-use software program for use on your
Commodore 64 or VIC 20 (16K RAM) personal computer.
It's designed to eliminate hours of time consuming
paperwork. And make it easy for you to handle your
investments.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER lets you instantly update your
stock's current value. Calculate gains and losses. Record
dividends, Print reports. Even determine the price per
share after your broker's commission. All you have to do
is follow the easy, step-by-step instructions.
The price? Only $39.95, And that makes PORT-
FOLIO MANAGER a great Investment by Itself.
You'll find PORTFOLIO MANAGER on tape or disk drive
at your local dealer. Or call direct (313) 540-0655 or write
PO. Box 924, Southfield, Ml 48037 and order yours today.
BASIC BYTE, INC.
Circle 103 on Reader Service card.
Circle 224 on Reader Service card.
Which
Software Is
Worth The
Money?
Find out in:
The SOFTWARE
BUYERS REPORT"
The newsletter that gives you
the real story behind the software hype.
• No advertising means honest, unbiased evaluations
• Topnotch reviewers offer opinions you can trust
• Get in-depth reviews of software for:
Games and Entertainment ■ Graphicsand Music ■ Home
Applications • Education -Business • Programming Aids
• Telecommunications * Arid more'
NEW1 1 COMMODORE 64/VIC 20 EDITION
Published ten times a year. ^y^ALck^Jm ^^ L -
l500a y e < ifUS ^£K£S££
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Start Getting The Most Out Of Your
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To Order Or Get Mora Information
Call Uf At BOO-336-3535 (In P»nna 215-6V1-1912) Or
Write To Us At TheSoftware Buyers Roport-GM
824 Eighth Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18018
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H^
CHILD
DEVELOPMENT
SERIES
ADD/SUB— $19.95
Displays single or multiple
digits with or without
pictures, borrows, carries,
scoring, and feedback.
Ages 5-9
NUMER-BECi— $19.95
Number recognition,
object counting, object
grouping, and
number/size/shape
discrimination.
Ages: 2 6
ALPHA-BECi- $19.95
Twenty-six screens with
letters/pictures/labels
'built' on the screen.
(VIC-20 only)
Ages: 2-6
MULT-BECi— $19.95
Multiplication program
with up to four digits in
multiplicand and three
digits in multiplier.
Ages: 7- 12
Write for a free brochurel
FRUIT-TREE -S19.95 Ages: 2-6
You watch seven apples fall from the tree • how
many are left? Counting, addition and
subtraction. Rich graphics and tunes. Positive
feedback. ' One of six new programs!
All programs feature large format numerals
with answers entered digit by digit from right to
left. For programs on diskette, add S5.00. Add
5% or S2.00 minimum for postage and handling.
Circle 54 on Reader Service card
BOSTON EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING, INC.
g Dept. R
M 78 Dartmouth Street
W Boston, MA 021 16 .
^ / (617)536-5116
/ Dealer Inquiries Invited
w
RUN April 1984 / 153
Cifcit! 230 on Reader Service card.
The Game Lords of Britain
VIC-20,
Cassettes
Tornado, Sky hawk (8k),
Bugaboo each $17.49*
QUICKSILVA
SPECIALS
*s&h $2.00, NYS add Tax
CBM-64,
cass/disk
Aquaplane, Purple Turtles,
Quintic Warrior Ring of
Power, Bugaboo cass $17.95*
disk $21.95* each
VISA
(607) 898-5114
Master Charge
JMD-ENTERPRISES, PO Box 155, Groton, NY 13073
Circle 176 on. Reader Service card
Double Your
Programming Power
M*ol Systems introduces SYSTEM M200Q- a superb
Editor/Assembler Monitor package a! a reasonable cost. The
professorial 1IKKi machine code Machine language
Development System that even the novice will find easy to use'
• Full Featured Macro Assembler — assembles kilobyte tiles
in seconds • Outstanding Text Editor • Complete Machine
Language Monitor including Hex Dump. Disassembler. Load,
Saw. Change, Trace, etc inttispensable lor Assembly
Language debugging • Full Documentation • Fully Copyaoie
• Handy Vinyl binder
Call or write Id order or lor more information Send S79.95
U.S. (check MO. , or credit card data — Visa, MC ) and specify
WC 20 8K. 16K. 24K. 32K add on mem (requ.resBK mm.) or
CBM64-dsk or cassette FULL WARRANTY.
micoL
systems
US: MICDl SYSTEMS
RD. FJoi 392
Lewlslon, NY 14092
CDN:(S99. 95> MICOL
SYSTEMS 100 Grajdon Hall
Dr., Suite 2301. Don Mills.
Out. Canada MSA 3A9
Order Desk |41E) 441 3752 •Dealer Enquiries Welcome
Use your Commodore 64
to its Full Potential
80 Column Screen
Expansion Cartridge
"TEXT VIEW"
Designed for use with monochrome monitor
Runs with Commodore C/PM
80 Column Text Writer Word Processor
O INC O
O.E.
INC.
MR. COMPUTER PRODUCTS
INC ^ Circle 51 on Reader Service card
3802 OLEANDER AVE FT PIERCE. FL 334SO • 305/465-9363
Call fur info on nearest dealer.
Two Games from
Handic Software
Handic Software, Inc. (5090 Central
Highway, Suite 7, Pennsauken, NJ
081 10) has released Space Action 64 and
Bridge 64.
In Space Action 64, your mission is to
protect Earth from an army of mutants
bent on destroying all and raping the
planet of its mineral content. It is avail-
able on cartridge for the Commodore
64. It costs $24.95.
Bridge 64 is a bridge game for all
levels of players. Thousands of dif-
ferent bids are possible. The basic rules
of the game are included in the instruc-
tion manual for beginners wishing to
learn the fundamentals. Bridge 64 is
available on cartridge for the Com-
modore 64. It costs $39.95.
Both games are also available for the
VIC-20.
Check Reader Service number 422.
Battle the Prince of Darkness
Datasoft, Inc. (9421 Winnetka Ave.,
Chatsworth, CA 91311) has released
Moon Shuttle for the Commodore 64.
As you pilot your Moon Shuttle
through outer space, each pass becomes
more perilous than the preceding one.
You must overcome life-threatening ob-
stacles, such as meteors, bomb launch-
ers and expandos.
Your next challenge is to out-maneu-
ver spinning rockets on your way to an
ultimate rendezvous with the Prince of
Darkness. Just as you think you're
home free, the Prince shows you his
darkest side — his forces multiply!
Moon Shuttle is available on disk and
cassette for $34.95.
Check Reader Service number 419.
154 / RUN April HJB4
Spare Change for
C-64 Owners
In Spare Change, you are the owner
of the Spare Change Arcade. Your
business is booming, thanks to a new
game that is breaking all records. But
suddenly there's trouble! The two
Zerks, who are the main characters of
the new game, have broken loose and
are trying to save enough tokens in their
piggy bank to retire.
You try everything to stop them from
pilfering your tokens, from playing
their favorite songs on the juke box, to
popping popcorn and ringing the pay
phones. Each time you distract them,
you are free to collect tokens. When you
save enough tokens, you are treated to
one of several slapstick cartoons star-
ring the Zerks themselves.
Spare Change is available on disk for
the Commodore 64. It costs $34.95.
Broderbund Software, 17 Paul Drive,
San Rafael, CA 94903.
Check Reader Service number 423.
Desert Warfare
Knights of the Desert is a recreation
of the North African campaign of
World War II in which British troops
held off the sweep of Rommel's Panzer
divisions.
In solitaire mode, the computer di-
rects the British forces. In the two-play-
er mode, you can command either the
Germans (whose campaign is hindered
by supply shortages), or the British
(who must contend with the swiftness of
the Panzer units and low morale).
Knights of the Desert is available on
disk or cassette for the Commodore 64.
It costs $39.95. Strategic Simulations,
Inc., 883 Stierlin Road, Bldg. A-200,
Mountain View, CA 94043.
Check Reader Service number 421.
SAVE MONEY.
Now you can add inexpensive friction feed to your Epson -typo printer Instead of spending hundreds
ol dollars on a new prinler, upgrade yourold system to accept friction feed foronly 39.951 Micro-Grip IIP*
is easily installed with a screwdriver and will not disturb the tractor capabilities of your printer.
Micro-Grip III 5 *— lor Epson MX 70/80, HX80 and printers based on Epson design, such as the IBM
PC. Commodore, and H.P. Micro-Grip lit'" — Only $39.95 (does not include shipping) wt. 1 ii>
NOTE : Hi; ro-Grl p . | K not i iubi Mule To* i kn.r qu KUly pr Inler. 11 1 a j
retrain mtchaniam tor Ihe purpoe. of oeiiiniog ungn ihMt carrefpon-
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Built By Us To Save You Money
— This Month's Moneysaver —
CARTRIDGE RIBBONS
APPLE DMP 5.50/6.:, *652
C. 1 0TH PRO W R ITER I ft 1 1 5.50/M . #654
CENTRONICS ZIP PACK 702/703 2.75/M. #655
COMMODORE 5.0O/M. #656
DIABLOHYTYPE11M/S 4.50/ea. *62Z
EPSON MX 100 B.75/ea. #666
EPSON MX 70/80 5.00/ea. #660
HEWLETT PACKARD 5.00/M. #660
IBM PC 5.00/ea. #666
NEC PC 8023A 5.50/W.
OKIDATA B0/a2/B3 2.S0/M.
OK ID ATA 84 5.00/ee.
OKIDATA MC92/MC 93 2.50/ea.
QU I M E (1 BM 6240 ) 2.60/u.
RSOAISYWHEEL It-MS 5.75/m.
RS DMP-400 5.50/es.
RS LP I- II IV 5,85/m.
RS LP lll-V (CART) 5.SS/TO.
HS LP VI -VII I S.50/M.
Wt. each ribbon — Vi lb.
TERMS A CONDITIONS
A minimum order of 10.00 If required, not Including shipping.. Prleer* effeelrve 12/1/QJ and are iubioct to Chang*
without notice. Automatic credit la extended id federal agencies, but to keep our price* competitive, we mual
requeil payment with order from all oltier Individuals and Injlltullona. No COO. ordere accepted Freighl
charges added to credit card order*. All other* ahipped IreighKoltect. CASH ONLY. No merchandise may be
returned wtlhout prior written authorization from this office. Merchandise ordered in error or not .anted is
subject to a 25S restocking chare*. Defecllve material replaced at no charge. Atl returns limited lo a HrMpuJlwl 1
*»cn*H only. M»i wider* «m 5% u..i u . clrC | B 82 on „,,„,, SBniet can3
Senrf tor our Free Brochure on Computer Supplies
i
mm?mm&m&&
P.O. BOX 60 • DEPT. R3 • WOLLASTON, MA 02 170-0060 • 617-963-5510
For Credit Card Orders ONLY! Call Toll Free 1-800-225-8249
INCREASE YOUR TYPING SPEED 30-50%
WITH THE REMARKABLE DVORAK KEYBOARD
...but don't spend big bucks on a new keyboard for your C-64.
The new Q.A.I). Q-VERT MENTOR turns your C-64 QWERTY
keyboard into a Dvorak keyboard and teaches you how to use it.
Then Q-VERT SUB lets you use Q-VERT in your own programs to
accept Dvorak input from a standard C-64 keyboard. And all with
I10 hardware modifications. circle 1 3 on Reader Service card.
For a limited time, you can get Q-VERT on disk for the introductory
price of $29.95 (plus $2.00 postage and handling) from:
tt.A.D. SYSTEMS™
342 E. Schrock Rd., Westerville, Ohio 43081
for your Commodore 64
Ul— HTRl^.V'EIMTLJREE: — An exciting game
based on the original Adventure. This game has
over 700 travel options, 140 rooms, 64 objects
and a 300 ward vocabulary! $24.95 (disk only)
ULTRAMATH — Far children in grades
kindergarten thru six. This educational program
can help teach your children all the math skills
needed in grade school. Color & sound! $19.95
i7£.T/?>1SOF7
cod. 1630 FOOTHILLS DRIVE
SIERRA VISTA, AZ 8563S
tshippino, %2 00 in U S .; 15.O0 miltldf U S . ft '
Clrcia 272 on Render Service card. oU2 459 ""4551
CoMDdDTe 64 is a tradenark of CD»»odore Business Machines, Int.
RUN April 1984 / 155
Hardware RUNdown
Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
Cheatsheets
Cheatsheet Products (PO Box 8299,
Pittsburgh, PA 15218) has introduced
Leroy's Cheatsheet keyboard overlays
for the Commodore 64 and the VIC-2G.
The overlays are plastic-coated tem-
plates that lie on your C-64 or VIC-20
keyboard. Each Cheatsheet is designed
for a particular software program.
Commands and functions are grouped
together according to their function
and use.
Cheatsheets are available for 1 1 C-64
programs and 11 VIC-20 programs.
They cost S3. 95 each.
Check Reader Service number 437,
McPen
Madison Computer (1825 Monroe
St., Madison, WI 53711) has introduced
McPen, a hi-res light pen for the Com-
modore 64 and the VIC-20.
With McPen, you can answer ques-
tions, create drawings and play games
by pointing the pen at the screen. It pro-
vides vertical and horizontal positioning
on the screen. A sensitivity control al-
lows you to fine-tune the pen's respon-
siveness to suit your needs.
McPen comes with a stand and soft-
ware. It is available for $49.95.
Check Reader Service number 434.
156 / RUN April 1984
Power for Your Micro
A new, uninterruptible power supply
for your micro has been released by
Transwestern Products Corp. (1711
Senter Road, San Jose, CA 95112).
The Ultraguard power supply is an ac-
powered, battery backup power source.
The unit prevents data loss and possible
computer damage due to blackouts and
resultant power surges. Ultraguard
gives you up to 30 minutes of power,
enabling you to save work in progress
and shut your system down.
Ultraguard weighs 15 pounds and
provides 200 watts of uninterruptible
power. It contains a rechargeable,
sealed battery, an automatic battery re-
charger, a solid state power inverter and
complete overload and short protec-
tion. The unit is available for $649.
Check Reader Service number 429.
Micro Sketching
Tech-Sketch, Inc. (26 Just Road,
Fairfield, NJ 07006) has introduced the
Tech-Sketch Light Pens for the Com-
modore 64 and the VIC-20.
The light pens work directly on the
CRT screen to access computer pro-
grams and manipulate data. By touch-
ing the screen with the pen, you can se-
lect from a menu or control the cursor.
Two models are available: the LP10-S,
for controlling the cursor by screen con-
tact, and the LP15-S, a hi-res pen for
controlling the cursor up to six inches
from the screen. A free Paint-N-Sketch
I program is included with the pen.
Twelve other programs are also avail-
able.
The Tech-Sketch Light Pens are priced
from $39.95.
Check Reader Service number 432.
Super Disk Drives
MSD Systems, Inc. (10031 Monroe
Drive, Suite 206, Dallas, TX 75229) has
introduced the MSD single and dual
Super Disk Drives.
These are "smart" disk drives that do
not require the use of any memory in
the computer. They contain their own
microprocessors and memories, en-
abling the computer to send the drives a
command and then continue other op-
erations. The disk drive processes the
command and performs the specified
function.
The SD-1 single disk drive has 4K of
buffer memory and is available for
S399. The SD-2 dual disk drive has 6K
of buffer memory and can be config-
ured as two single drives or one dual
drive. It costs $695.
Check Reader Service number 433.
ClfCie 233 on Ratdar Service card.
Printer Interface
The Parallel Printer Interface, from
Data 20 Corp. (2301 1 Moulton Park-
way, Suite BIO, Laguna Hills, CA
92653), allows standard parallel printers
to be interfaced with Commodore com-
puters.
The interface translates the Commo-
dore character set into ASCII. It does
not require power from the printer,
computer or any external source. Under
normal operation, the interface is used
with an ASCII (non -Commodore)
printer to emulate a Commodore 1525
printer.
The Parallel Printer Interface is avail-
able for $49.95.
Check Reader Service number 436.
Tape Interface & Duplicator
The Universal Tape Interface & Du-
plicator allows C-64 and VIC- 20 owners
to connect almost any audio tape
recorder to their computers.
You can use it to save and load data
or programs with your own tape re-
corder instead of Commodore's Data-
ssette. It can automatically turn your
tape recorder on and off. Three LED
indicators show complete status of cas-
sette operation.
The Universal Tape Interface & Du-
plicator is available for $49.95 from
Tymac, Inc., 129 Main St., Franklin,
NJ 07416.
Check Reader Service number 430.
>
Surge Controller
Protection for your computer and
peripherals is available with the Power
Surge Controller from Cable Electric
Products, Inc. (PO Box 6767, Provi-
dence, Ri 02940).
An illuminated rocker switch con-
trols six grounded outlets housed in a
plastic box. Red and green monitor
lights indicate incoming power and the
operative condition of the surge con-
troller.
The direct plug-in model is available
for $59.95. Another model, with a six-
foot cord, is available for $69.95.
Check Reader Service number 431.
SHOP AND
COMPARE
THEN CALL US
FREE CATALOG
The most comprehensive
Listings of Business and
Entertainment Softwate and
Accessories in the industry,
including Products for your
COMMODORE 64
IBM ATARI
VIC 20 APPLE
800-828-2838
IN CALIFORNIA CALL 916-989-3174
WE ALSO CARRY A
COMPLETE LINE OF BOOKS
5133 VISTA DEL ORO
FAIR OAKS. CA 95628
Circle 184 on Reader Service on rd.
A breakthrough in voice technology for Ihe
Vic 20 and Commodore 64 computers This
unil is not just another voice synthesizer
The quality is fantastic and it requires no
peeks, no pokes, no phonemes, no Interlace
cables, no power cords, no texl edilors or
programs of any kind, and installs in just 2
seconds. Say anything you like with simple
print statements, such as:
PAINT #2, "MY NAME IS SMARTVOICE"
That is ail there is to It, You can talk fast or
slow, use 63 pitch levels, create sound
effects, sing songs, uscautomnlic inflection
and monotone modes, control volume by
program or oxtornal knob, and more, A
detailed usee manual with demonstration
programs included. Models (or other
computers also available
COST: $199 Add 4%S8H on MCor VISA orders
Ohio residents add 5% Sales Tax
USER FRIENDLY SYSTEMS INC.
6135 Ross Road Fairfield. Ohio 45014
(513) B74-45S0
ITfc ?0 no1 Corrwrodoivftt IraGMTwI-iofl Comnvrtvi. BSCtrOTifl 111
RUN April 1Q84 / 157
Software RUNdown
Compiled by Shawn Laflamme
Micro Melody
Waveform Corp. (1912 Bonita Way,
Berkeley, CA 94704) has released Musi-
Calc 1, a music synthesizer for the
Commodore 64.
The program lets you play along with
pre-programmed melodies, or create
and store your own melodies for later
playback. You can compose and per-
form in styles such as classical, new
wave, Japanese, Latin and African.
MusiCalc 1 is available on disk for
$74,95. MusiCalc 2 and 3, a scorewriter
and keyboard maker, respectively, are
available for $34.95 each.
Check Reader Service number 408.
CreaCe Video Displays
U-D-Zign is a text and graphics dis-
play system for the Commodore 64. It
lets you create video displays for presen-
tations, proposals, ad layouts, etc.
You can choose from among four let-
ter types and 16 colors. You can display
many lines of text per video screen and
up to 12 screens per display. Bar charts
and diagrams can also be created.
U-D-Zign is available on cassette for
S39.95 from Feerst Software, Inc., PO
Box 1333, Cambridge, MA 02238.
Check Reader Service number 400.
158 / RUN April 19S4
Continental
Sdffwai
The Tax Advantage
A Sure Sign of Spring
The Tax Advantage, from Contin-
ental Software (11223 South Hindry
Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90045), is a tax
preparation package for the Commo-
dore 64.
The program supports Form 1040,
schedules A, B, C, D, E, G, W and SE
and Form 4562. All program functions
are menu controlled.
The program's features include: the
ability to itemize any line on the form at
any time; a description key that can de-
scribe a particular line from the 1040 or
the schedules; and automatic tax calcu-
lation at any time.
The Tax Advantage has interface ca-
pability with Continental's household
finance package, The Home Accoun-
tant. The Tax Advantage is available on
disk for $69.95.
Check Reader Service number 406.
Fay*. That Math Woman
Fay: That Math Woman is an ani-
mated instructional program for basic
arithmetic skills. The program is de-
signed for children in grades one to
four.
There are two game levels; both levels
use addition and subtraction, and the
second level uses multiplication and di-
vision. The program uses the number
line as the basis for instruction. When
your child answers a math problem, Fay
moves briskly along the line according
to the answer given.
Time is vital in both games, and your
child must save Fay from random num-
bers appearing on the line by giving cor-
rect answers.
Fay: That Math Woman is available
on disk for the Commodore 64. It costs
$29.95. Didatech Software, 2301-1150
Jervis St., Vancouver, BC, Canada
V6E 2C8.
Check Reader Service number 410.
Circle 14 on Readet Service card.
EASTCOAST SOFTWARE
eCS* . . Inflat ion -fighting prices.
No hidden charges! No credit cardjee&J Ks CJi*I 1*1 \J U LJtitl
COMMODORE 64
M Forth C
&502 Fro [Ji-v.-:-.pr,i,-ni C
AmiTorn^da C«inH"f»l tJ i
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Am« P
H I NuL-ttrBflrnrwrC
H.i- lit* D.
Bank 5t«*t Wmer [«
Bl Vsiosd D
Etoda ol Bbtttooah \*
Candy Banda C/D
Ca ihall Blitj K . .
I i ■ pMm R
Ctowni R.
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Cwrrni 64 PGRM FW*i Gutdo iBoakl
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CufM uE RA C
D.wid's, Mkimghi Magic D , , . .
Deadline D. .
Death ttviha Caribbean P
Dmo Eog? D
DWc*V ft
Df auum idil* of P#m (-" P
[:■■ . i' F) K
E'.irlv Gomel \t
Ea»y«t rip: 64 D
Ekimviilary Comm«lnr» (Book)
PacAmakar D/H . . .
FaatEtkte [j
Floyd ol tfr* JumjV |)
Hying Ace C
Koft ApncaVpv? C H
Fraction Fever R
Hogger CD
Gftttun CofneiMHlon M PUji
( ;.ik'uviy Id ApahoJ It
< [mnd Master C
Grtdrumw R
Am D
HtfvDxJcJVDiHdVC)
Hunstf Account/mil D
H'HTV IntrTitorv C
Hum*? hnbentorv D
1 lornn Manager C/D ,
Household Flnanca C
HouswhaEd Finai'iCJ? D .
Jowfatfakei D P
dufca D
Jumpman C D
Jump-man JuftiOf K
liq MB I Btllbf R
Kitkirvin R
KLd Grid D.
Kid* and 1 he Commodore 64 (Booh)
Kiridwicomp D.-R
KnigSiH of m* Detail D
Koala Gripb^: TaWel CMD64
Koala PratMmfiWf tiutdtr D . .
Ldjftf Maza r? ...
LIST
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29 95
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29 95
26.00
34 95
34 95
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14.95
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39 95
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19.9
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74 95
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SALE
S49 50
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12.75
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13,30
28 30
11.35
28 30
4S.35
21 20
28 3(1
20 70
26 B5
31 05
13.40
28 30
16.70
1 1 35
23.70
28 3d
21 20
14.15
24.15
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26 65
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23 55
35.90
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28 30
75 35
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EASTCOAST SOFTWARE
40 Hockersvltle Rd.
Hershey. PA 17033
MAIL VCHJK URDLK OK CALL
(717) 533-8125 or 533-8480
We Ship UI'S - Shipping 1'-; 152.50 mlti.l
C.O.I). ■>;!.! An Additional 12.5(1
Harti^ituw il't Inters Mnnium)
5hl|.pln.| li 12.50 <b% (U.P.S.)
F« All Mall, Canadian. AHilin, „i OvtTMH Drdm,
Shlgipliilt 12.50 *9% ..(3ot.il Qiiu (US Vnnds)
Nu Minimum Order
Vita- MauncardCO.!).. Cli n-k
Pric« Subject To Change
COMMODORH64
LMtrmsn D
LoyoR
M.i^ru Tvp»
Mldw.ig On i'. .ii|ii C
M>' t - Cool R
Monster Sma*h C
Momler S-Tiflsh D .
Moil Arr-aJJoy Thing D -
Moioir Mania C
Music ComptrtVi [3 1
Music Mftcftnt fi
N*tO CommtH'.cln'r [1
Norlfi ATlanttc Convoy C
Nukrwtir C
CRlkl/'l Mine C D
Ornrucdlc t)
0*an CteoM D
rh*irth"*Cww( D
I',:.-.r L>
Prt*topR
Pbirm Mmcn I
PlanetfaQD,
Poo^an C/D
r > r(."paTint! Jdt tJw SAT D* . - -
ProwtJOf II C D
Quicj^ Btiiwtj Fox K
R^rijji- Ra! HflC*; R
Ri pi ■ 1 1
Rciro Bal H
Rtrvjitdtf S^di n
Ftouriddirhoi,)! 1)
Hpiir.-nv LlgfrtfoOl H
ik'a Dragon C/D
&cfl WolT K
■-. ,i. - K
' ■ ■!.' H
Sl^dovworch^'f D
Shflmiis C D
Silicon WaTiMif K
Bnah« Bi[« U
Si^Mipi^r Ttolijik * | [,3
Spaoa StTiiiiici D
Sni'k'LS H.i. ii ( D
Squl !■ I'm D
SUffiron D
Storv M-^f h T*- D
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rim. 1 Mrjin . M ■■ i ; ■ ' '
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Tvtw Aiuch D
Taping Siraiegy D
UlEima D
Up for Grabs R . ,
Upper Ruchci Apch I D
Video Caots
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LIST
SALE
VW 95
1 1 1 4i ■
59.95
37.70
49.95
,17 65
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11.35
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26.85
39 '.'5
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13 30
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26,90
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10.55
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20.70
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24 75
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24 76
37 70
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16.00
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27 60
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39.95
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24 75
34 95
24 75
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28.30
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24 75
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21 20
20 70
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24 75
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800-233-3237
VISA'
Thl* ad prepared Septtmtwr,. 1983.
VIC 20
Ail m i 1 i "i i ■ '
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Cardeo h Slot V »Twn»n>n
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Mutiint Hi'rd R ...
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Kraft S'*!ith-Hi Joyflrtkk
MttwIMOl l>nJHV (10 pack)
NEC 8023 Hftbon 2-pac.
.SmruiitLT I i'rjr KMwn
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Verbal im MT) 525 S
VerbaUm Mil 025 Harapack
LIST
SALE
tlV 9",
S13 55
B.95
17 50
(9.95
27.60
29 95
21 20
14 95
l„.,n
29 95
21! ,'LI
39 95
30 10
39 95
28 85
39.95
2S 30
14.95
11.25
79 95
55 30
39 95
32 Ml
9995
HI 00
S9 95
VI 4V
19 95
14 15
,
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29.95
13,40
44 95
11 115
10.00
VI 20
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24 75
3995
28JB
39 95
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13 40
29.95
21,20
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29.95
20 70
29 95
10 55
39 95
27 70
39 95
27 70
99 95
75 35
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39 95
27.10
79 95
01 30
39.95
28.30
39 95
28 in
44.95
31 05
59 95
25 15
55.00
49.00
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10 55
39 95
17 50
19 95
27 Ml
29 95
13.40
39.95
27,60
69 95
57 15
39 95
27 00
,19 95
2S 10
J9 95
25 30
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39 95
39.95
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LIST
SALE
$39 95
(3260
79 95
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.
24 45
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21 15
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29.95
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17 10
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1 50
5 75
4 05
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26,9 1
35,00
27 1,11
CMLCK ONE: □ VISA MASTERCARD
Citd* Exp
Ttffcphon*?
Name
Address.
City
State
■':■
P1**a*4.' *nt*f niv uttiVr tor _
Pleas* tpfcify macHne-_
_ FViw ■■■■■ 1 "-'• .-; :-.;
RUN April 1084 / 159
C-64 Database
Superbase 64 is a database manage-
ment and information retrieval system
with a user- programmable interface.
Each record is definable beyond 1 100
characters, with up lo 127 items per
record. Files of up to 16 million charac-
ters can be maintained.
You can design your own record lay-
outs and either work entirely from the
menu options or write your own special
program to meet your needs. If you
have no programming experience, you
can use the Superbase 64 command set.
Superbase 64 can be linked to word
processing to produce lists for mail-
shots, tables, labels production and
more. It is available on disk for the
Commodore 64. It costs $99. Precision
Software (USA), Inc., Suite 11D, 1675
York Ave., New York, NY 10128.
Check Reader Service number 404.
Sizzling Software
Hot Accounts is a financial records
management system designed for home
accounting, business applications and
professional settings.
The program records daily income
and expense transactions, and it has full
data retrieval capabilities. The system
can search and sort information from
the database by a single demand factor.
It can produce many types of printed re-
ports, income statements and graphs.
Hot Accounts has full keyboard con-
trol to prevent input errors. It is avail-
able on disk for the Commodore 64. It
costs $64.95. Computer Ed. Software,
1002 Brookes Ave. West, San Diego,
CA 92103.
Check Reader Service number 407.
Keep in Touch
Phone-Dial 64 is a disk-based pro-
gram for the Commodore 64 that
enables any touch-tone telephone to
communicate with any device (com-
puter or phone) that can be com-
municated with by touch tone. It works
acoustically without the need of a
modem.
Phone- Dial 64 can be made to con-
tinuously dial any selected series of se-
quential or random telephone numbers.
You can compile a master list of num-
bers and names and call through the list
sequentially. You can also dial numbers
selectively by choosing the desired num-
ber from the screen format on your
monitor.
The program is formatted for the
1541, 4040, 2031 or the 8050 Com-
modore disk drive. Il costs $24.50. In-
put Systems, Inc., 25101 S.W. 194
Ave., Homestead, FL 33031.
Check Reader Service number 405.
FOR THE
flconnrnrjdQre
COMPUTER
! i H'i*!h
Venture Forth!
Forth 64, from Handle Software,
Inc. (5090 Central Highway, Suite 7,
Pennsauken, NJ 081 10), is an operating
system with a programming language,
suitable for business applications and
process control environments.
Forth 64 provides an interactive,
structured program environment. It
functions in any numeric base. A text
editor and a macro assembler are in-
cluded in the program. It supports disk
and printer I/O.
Forth 64 is available on cartridge for
the Commodore 64. It costs $39.95. A
version is also available for the VTC-20
(3K of RAM).
Check Reader Service number 415.
Word Attack!
Word Attack! is a vocabulary build-
ing program for grades 4 through 12, It
contains 675 words, grouped in ascend-
ing levels of difficulty for use in four
learning activities.
The four activities are a word display,
a multiple-choice quiz, a sentence com-
pletion exercise and an arcade game
that reinforces the student's new vocab-
ulary skills.
The program includes an editor that
allows parents and teachers to enter
additional words for use with all four
learning activities.
Word Attack! is available on disk for
the Commodore 64. It costs $49.95.
Davidson & Associates, 6069 Groveoak
PI. #14, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA
90274.
Check Reader Service number 409.
Get Ready for College!
Quality Input, Inc. (Suite 8, 309 West
Beaufort, Normal, IL 61761), has re-
leased the ACT/SAT Review package
for the Commodore 64.
The package consists of 98 programs
and over 50,000 questions designed to
help prepare students for the College
Entrance Examinations. It includes all
subjects covered by the tests, such as
English, math, reading comprehension,
natural and social sciences and the Test
of Standard Written English.
The ACT/SAT Review package is
available on disk for $179.95. The ACT
and SAT segments of the package may
be purchased separately for $99.95
each.
Check Reader Service number 401 .
160 /RUN April 1984
1-800-547-7861
IN CALIFORNIA CALL
1-800-824-6732
or (213) 828-7565
IWSD SUPER
DISK DRIVES
SD-1 389.00
■ 4K buffer memory/6K with sd-z
■ Unique packaging ticfilgn
■ Ml mm lies component-
damaglng htit
- TaKes up i«* physical space
i Stdte-of'the-art Intern*! design
- Greater durability and reliability
- More speed and power
SD-2.
675.00
5D-Z can be configured as two
single drives or one duel.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
EDUCATIONAL:
English SAT disk 30.00
Face Maker disk 34,95
Fraction Factor/. . . disk 29.95
Fraction Fever cart, 34.95
Math SAT disk 30.00
Klndercomp disk 29.95
Speed Reader II disk 69.95
Success with Matn taaamon ana
iubtractton . . . cass/dlsk 24,95
Success with Math (multiplication
ana aivision). . cass/dlsk 24.95
Success with Math mnear
equations!- .... CaSS/t5lsk 24.95
Success with Math (quadrille
equations) . cass/dlsk 24.95
Touch Typing Tutor
dlsk/cass 24.95
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
MODEMS:
Hesmodem 63.00
Vic modem 79.96
Smartmodem 300, . . 231.20
Smartmodem 1200.. 559.20
PRINTERS:
Okldata ML80 269.20
Okldata ML82A. . . . 329.00
Okldata ML63A 599.00
Seikosha GXB10O.. 199.00
NEC 8023 479,00
NEC 8025 716.00
MONITORS:
USI 13" Color
Composite 295.00
Amdek Color 1 . . . . 295.00
Amdek Color 1Plus. .315.00
MISCELLANEOUS:
Koala Pad Touch
Tablet 79.96
20/64 To Monitor
Cable 17.96
VIC 20/C64 To Monitor
Cable 16.95
Kraft Joystick 9.95
Kratt Switch Hitter. . 1 1.95
Fllp-n-Flle 25 24.95
CompuServe Starter
Kit 31.96
n
HAYES SMARTMODEMS
Smartmodem 300 231.20
Smartmodem 1 200 559.20
The most popular
high-performance
modern we stock.
For a detailed speci-
fication data sheet
please call.
BUSINESS:
1 1 CP/M 2.2 . . cart/dlsk 99.00
Calc Results
disk 149.95
Calc Result
cart. 79.96
Database Manager
disk 99.95
Dow Jones Invest/Eval.
disk 149.95
Easy Calc 64. .....
. cart. 79.95
. disk 49.95
Easy Finance II. . . .
. disk 49.95
Easy Finance III. . .
. disk 49.95
Easy Finance IV. . .
. disk 49.95
Easy Finance V. ..
. disk 49.95
Easy Mall
disk 29.95
Easy Script
disk 79.95
Easy Spell
disk 49.95
. disk 49.95
Account Receivable
, disk 49,95
General Ledger. . .
.disk 49.95
Accounts Payable.
. disk 49.95
Payroll
. disk 49.95
Inventory Management
. disk 49.95
Super Expander. .
cart. 29.95
Tax Advantage. . , .
. disk 59.95
Home Accountant
.disk 74.95
Word Pro 3 +
w/Spellrlght
, disk 99.95
RECREATIONAL:
Centipede
. disk 34,95
Chopllder
. cart. 44.95
Davids Mldnlgnt
Magic
. disk 34.95
Defender
. disk 34,95
. disk 34.96
Donkey Kong
. disk 34.95
Flight Simulator. .
. disk 49.95
Frogger
. disk 34.95
Gorf
cart. 39,95
.disk 34.95
"FINALLY"
Someone Integrated POWER
and SPEED Into an assembler!
Low cost a high performance
make the Panther C-64. (he
most cost ellectlve assembler
available In today's challenging
market. We at Southern Cal
Micro recognize that ease of
use remains the primary design
criteria, & with these critical
lectors In mind we are proud
to recommend It,
C64 Assembler 59.95
SEIKOSHA GXB100,
199.00
• 5x7 dot matrix
• 50 characters per
second
• Dot-addressable
graphics
• Tractor paper feed
■ Special characters lor other countries
« Unique single-hammer construction which reduces
the number or moving parts
SOUTHERN CAL
The Vital Link Between
You & Your Computer
Circle iG-t on Reader Service card.
ORDERING INFORMATION
When ordering by mall please include: YOUR
TELEPHONE NUMBER. NAME, and ADDRESS
For credit cards add: credit card account
number and expiration date. For personal
checks Include DRIVERS LICENSE NUMBER
and BIRTH DATE. Prices are sublect to
change Ibeyond our control), so please call,
to verify them.
HOURS: Monday-Saturday
8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. PST
3113PICO BOULEVARD, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA90405
RUN April 1084 / 161
Cxcie 247 on Reader Service card
VIC-20
QUALITY
EXPANSION
BOARD
ONLY
• 31.95
• UP TO 3 GAMES OR UTILITY CARTRIDGES
• 3 LARGE SLIDE SWITCHES, NOT SMALL
DIP SWITCHES
• RESET BUTTON. NO NEED TO TURN
COMPUTER OFF BETWEEN GAMES
• FUSED TO PROTECT VIC.
• HIGH QUALITY GOLD PLATED EDGE CON
NECTOR AND NICKEL PLATED BOARD
« SOLID RUBBER FEET SUPPORTS BOARD
WHEN INSERTING CARTRIDGES.
• INSTRUCTIONS AND HINTS
TO ORDER
SEND CHECK
'ALLOW 3
WE EKSi
OR MONEY
I.IIIMI H
MESI
PO BOX
51544
NEW OR-
LEANS. LA
70151
ADD 12 OO
POSTAOE *
HANDLING
LA RESI-
DENTS ADD
3* TAX
VIC 20 IS A TRADEMARK OF COM INC
Circle 210 on Reader Service card.
GOOD PRICES
HUGE SELECTION
Software & Accessories
Upgrades & Repairs
COMMODORE 64
Send or Call for
FREE CATALOG
Dept. R
Prolessionat Micro Services
100 W. 22nd St.
Baltimore, MD 21218
(301) 366-0010
Circle 243 on Reader Service card
VIC-20
COMMODORE 64
THE RECIPE BOX
Now vou can o j uly tlrjre and ft>CJ.II your fftVOfltt
ffrCipMcin your C«innTn>rteK& Computo* THE MEClPE
SOX n a eomplel* mBniiflrivon diji syilam (Fiji cotIm
wilFi ■new jdd Mortal 'wMm
SEARCH BY WOREOlEWT - Orvy U*e J DOu<v9 d
fHimtijtftf* ,n yh* t'vtt*''* Lei THE PEClPfc BOX
*no* vou an The rec<pei wat you hjve on Mc in*i us*
himbutg** or any Dthet ingredient you choose
SEARCH BY CATEGORY — Code your recipes as to
breairlasl. lunch, dinner snacks. e?c
SEARCH BY CATEGORY INGREDIENT Any
Dombiftih*fi of He abuvO
AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT — THE RECIPE.
BOX. win luTOrtnieAny *«.** up » down rtw imourn
Of inc)rpd>rH5 yen, rvod *Ctttf*ntJ to how i*.JfTy
itivingj yoo *int
SCREEN OR PRINTED OUTPUT - ■■...- jymreB
C0p4l to use m the k.tchnn or gmn 1o rneindfc
THE RECIPE BOX requires oris disk drive and
will run on I }K VK>?Q. Cflmmodgfe (4. Plaaio
■pacify. Sand cheek or money order foe 11 V 95 lo;
Aries Marketing Co.
P.O. Box 4196
4200 Shannon Drive
Baltimore, Md. 21205
Md. residonis add 5% sites lax
Personalized Accounting
Softsync, Inc. (14 East 34th St., New
York, NY 10016), has recently released
the Personal Accountant for the Com-
modore 64.
The program provides professional
financial reports that list assets and lia-
bilities or a Trial Balance for a small
business or home. It will also prepare an
income and expense report. Personal
Accountant has a name and address file
that can be accessed from the Budget
mode.
Personal Accountant is available on
disk for $34.95.
Check Reader Service number 414.
Learn Basic Programming
Timeworks, Inc. (405 Lake Cook
Road, Deerfield, IL 60015), has intro-
duced Programming Kits II and III for
the Commodore 64. These new pro-
grams, together with Programming Kit
1, offer a how-to learning approach to
Basic programming.
Programming Kit II is a game design
and sprite builder. It is designed to al-
low intermediate level users to delve
deeper into the powers of the C-64 by
taking part in the design of Slot Ma-
chine, a game of skill and chance.
In Programming Kit III, intermedi-
ate level users take part in the design of
a fundamental database that can be us-
ed for anything from a mailing list to a
date reminder.
Each of the three kits is available on
disk for $24.95.
Check Reader Service number 412.
For Machine
Code Programmers. . .
Codefax 6502, from Gloucester
Computer, Inc. (1 Blackburn Center,
Gloucester, MA 01930), provides an in-
tegrated, interactive environment for
trial and error experimentation with
machine code and assembly language
programming,
Codefax opens an interactive window
anywhere in memory. The display
shows the absolute address in memory,
the user-selectable address for which as-
sembly and debugging are desired, the
machine code present in each location,
the character or color present, any
labels assigned to the program code, a
disassembly into mnemonics and your
references to labels that a "linker" uses
to figure addressing in the code.
The visual link pass matches labels
and references, stops on any errors and
tells you what to fix. I/O support in-
cludes disk, printer and RS-232 utilities
integrated with the Codefax window.
Codefax 6502 (on a 2764 EPROM,
with EPROM programmer/adapter) is
available for the Commodore 64. It
costs $199. Codefax (disk) with device
I/O package costs $99.
Check Reader Service number 402.
More Computer Stuff. . .
Data*Max, from Computerstuff
(308 Vi Green St., Yankton, SD 57078),
is a multi-functional database system
for the Commodore 64. It can handle a
variety of home filing chores.
The program can maintain an un-
limited number of 10,000-character files
containing up to 200 eight-field records
each. A sub-file option lets you split a
fuil file into two or more smaller ones,
enabling expansion beyond the 200-rec-
ord limit.
You can search and sort records by
any field or combination of fields. The
program can also create special sorted
files which can be read by word pro-
cessors for generation of form letters,
labels and invoices.
Data*Max is available on disk for
$29.95.
Check Reader Service number 403.
162 / RUN April 1B84
The Most Powerful $49.95 Cartridge Word Processor
for the Commodore 64™
II : '
iiiuiii!:! ,,T
iiiimw win
nil I I
Sfip'iif
liniitiraii!
The WRITE NOW! Word Processor
provides you with the easiest to use
& fastest to learn format available
foryourC-64. It gives you the
features you expect in a
professional word processor &
some unique features not
available in any other C-64 word
processor.
With WRITE NOW! you have
unlimited recall of often used text;
global string search makes it easy
to find or replace any copy.
Editing copy is made easy with
simple commands and the full
block command enables you to
move or delete blocks of copy. You
can insert or delete text at will as
you scroll up or down through your
document line by line, page by
page, oryou can jump directly to
the beginning or the end of your
document. WRITE NOW! gives you
the option of text centering &
justification, along with the use of
multiple line headers & footers.
Page numbering can be set at the
top or bottom of a page and
either in Arabic or Roman numbers.
1 1 1 inj^j vvr i:
IS.A
indr!
>x/s
\ity item 3
Other features of WRITE NOW!
include:
save text to tape or disk.
sends any 'special' codes to the
printer— even in the middle oK
text (special codes are
'user-definable').
optional joystick control for
scrolling.
Included with WRITE NOW! is a 100
plus page easy- to- understand
instruction booklet— all for the
Manufacturer's Suggested Retail
Price of $49.95.
INTERFACES with:
MAIL NOW! Professional mailing list
processor for the C-64.
SPELL NOW! 30,000 word dictionary. \
GRAPH NOW! Full featured graphics
and chart processor.
program on cartridge (time not See ° completeilne of American
wastedloadingfromdiskor made Cardco Products at a
taoe'J computer store near you, today.
313 Mathewson -Wichita, Kansas 67214 • <316) 267-6525
C-64 Is d registered trademark of Commodore International
2\rcAt3 85 on Reader Service card
&.
cardco, inc.
Commodore Software -
The Best Adventure In Town
mt.
w&t.v
, . Stretch your mind and imagination and risk all ... in the comfort off your living room.
Commodore has been the best game
■ towri in computers for awhile at
hofne, at schooi and work . with our
exciting, easy to use. inexpensive VIC
20 and C64 computers
We're fast becoming the best game
m town when it comes to entertainment
for ;he whole family . . . and at afford-
able prices ,
The best adventures in town are
yours with the INFQCOM ADVENTURE
SERIES Our Zork Series takes you
through the magic dungeons to find
the Dungeon Maters secrets . . . you'll
struggle long and hard before you make
it ... if you make it!
Starcross lets you travel through an
alien ship as it wanders thru the galaxy.
Your strategic decisions mean life or
death to you
Deadline pits your wits against a
deadly murderer with time running out
Stretch your reasoning to the limit.
Suspended brings you to life 500
years into the future as the possible
savior of yd ir p ar ; :' Solve the riddles
and you'll be a winner and a he«5!
The best adventures in town are
yours-with the Infocom Adventure
Series. Our Zork Series fakes you
through the magic dungeons to find
the Dungeon Makers secrets. , ■'. .
Struggle long and hard before you
make it If you make it!
C~ commodore
■ COMPUTERS
First In Quality Software
See your local dealer now. . He's got the best game in town . . . just f ortyou
Circle 3 on Reader Service card.
Live Music
Archive
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Cleveland
Museum of Art
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